 This cross-sectional online survey studying to investigate HPV vaccination rates, knowledge, acceptance, and associated factors in a sample of Chinese college students from December 2018 to March 2019. The results showed that only 3.1% of the sample had been vaccinated against HPV, with low levels of knowledge about HPV and its vaccination among both males and females. Concerns about safety and effectiveness were the main barriers to undergoing HPV vaccination, and measures such as strengthening health education, improving vaccination safety and effectiveness, and reducing vaccine prices should be taken to promote HPV vaccination among Chinese college students. This article was authored by Che Deng, Shelley Chen, and Yan Chun Liu.