 I'm doing that thing again where I put my beer all over the place. I'm just trying to find out if that's my beer. I'm not sure. Can I find it? That's okay. Okay, no. You're right. But do you think people are going to learn about the beer if I tie it to the left? That's it. That's the quality I know. I do too. I have to either do... I show at places 15 minutes early. This is a podcast. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Testing. Yeah, it's self-monitification. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, do you like the graphic learning, is that what you do? Yeah, there's a great initial question. There's a lot of, like, more self-monitiation. But at the end of the day, like, some degree of convenience is good. You know. The more I sit everyday, I have an intermediate, how do we give up the dollar? How do we give up the video? How much electricity is going into this? I don't know. Megan, are you, let's get to you. Bye. I guess I'm hearing the first part, yeah. Thank you. Thank you. That's 60% yesterday. I heard you heard it. Shit. That's what shit. We're at my PhD. We gave an honorary doctorate. That dog. Oh. Are they close right now? Six hours. It's 11. Oh, yeah. Every day. Yeah. And so I got a free coffee because the morning I used to go and get the music working. And he's like, I'll give you a free coffee because he's like, I'm like, I have a few choices. All I did was flip the internet on update on the app store and it worked. And he was like, free coffee. Yeah. It's part of my job. And you're not over here to watch Astronomy on TAP. This is your final awarding. We're going to be having some awesome astronomy talks. So if you're a fan of astronomy, also if you're a fan of trivia, we're starting trivia. So now's your last chance to get in on the fun. The Post-Society Conference of State. This is Megan DeLuca, my tour tonight. And then we are going to move on to our talks for the evening. We'll be beginning with studying exoplanet atmospheres from the moon with Dr. Angel Tanner, astronomy in the news. And finally, we'll finish off with a talk. We will be talking about 10 trivia questions. I will put them back into piece for only 15 seconds of peace. Everybody turn in their trivia cards to us. And during the first talk, we'll grade them after our bit about astronomy in the news. We'll announce the trivia answers and winners. And finally, when all of the talks for the evening are done, we will hand out the prizes. Okay, so without further ado, let's get started with trivia. So it's a trivia question to write down your answer. Thank you. I want to mention our prizes this evening are sponsored by StarTorialist. So our first place prize is going to be a TAP bag, which is fantastic. A Hubble image of the pillars of creation is on this bag. Our second place prize are going to be a set of two glasses with the Artemis mission on them. That is going to be NASA's next mission to the moon. The third place prize and beyond will have their choice of calendars, frisbees, and stickers. So we just want to thank StarTorialist again for sponsoring our prizes tonight. Give this first one to Anna. You should know this one. I sent it in my thoughts today. That's true. Okay. That's your trivia sheet or your pencil. Bring those on up now so that we can grade them. We're going to be announcing the trivia winners after the second talk. It looks like we've got all the trivia sheets. So with no further delay, I would like to introduce to you Dr. Angel Tanner, who is going to be talking about studying exapenant apnofears from the moon. Yes. Give her a round of applause. I was going to tell you to give her a round of applause, but you started it before I even told you to. So that's great. You're all very friendly. All right. So Dr. Angel Tanner. Thank you for coming out tonight. Especially if you were at the double AS. I know it's been a long week. We're all tired, but now we can sit back and chill out and have some time. All right. So do we have a slide advance? I do. That's that thing. Okay. It's PI of a mission that we're working on called Luster. And basically we are going to be putting a telescope on the moon. Point up there. I'm going to just talk. That is so weird. What I wanted to say is that this is part of our mission. We're going to be putting a telescope on the moon. Point up there. I'm going to just talk. That is so weird. What I wanted to say is that this is part of our mission between I'm at Mississippi State and then we're actually working with astronomers at LSU and we're working with SETI. And so it's the collaboration of a whole bunch of people at lots of different institutions. So that'll be fun. Because the moon, unlike Earth, doesn't have an atmosphere. So that's very useful. So when astronomers use telescopes on Earth, we have, if you go outside when it's clear here in Seattle, which is very rare, you know, it's the stars that they twinkle. And that is the Earth's atmosphere causing the stars to do weird stuff. So astronomers don't like that. That's why we send telescopes into space. But we could go to the moon and also not have an atmosphere. So that would be very useful. And also, unlike space where you're just kind of floating around in space, if you put your telescope on the moon, at least you're going to have your telescope sitting on something that's actually stable and actually rooted into the ground. Come on. There it goes. No, that was the laptop, maybe? It's wherever the USB port is. But it's a laptop. Okay, there we go. It's also very handy because if you think about it, and my students have to think about this a lot, and I had to think about this a lot, you don't have to worry about looking at during the day and looking at night and then looking at the day. So we're going to have two whole weeks of straight observing of looking at our objects. And that's useful. There it goes. And then we're also super excited. The one thing that we're really going to motivate us to put this thing on the moon is that we're going to get a free ride. And I'll explain why. That's really motivation. In the end, it's always about money. So we're going to get a free ride to the moon and it's going to be very handy. And I'll explain why we get a free ride in a second. Okay, so you would think we would have thought to do this before, but we kind of did. Back in the 70s, we actually did put a telescope on the moon and we did that by handing it to a bunch of astronauts back in the day. They actually landed on the moon for real. It wasn't fake. And they put this gold plated. So clearly we had lots of funding, special telescope on the moon, and it observed at ultraviolet wavelengths. So I'm going to talk about ultraviolet a lot. You know, whenever you're out there on a sunny day and you have to put on sunscreen, I know not something you do hear that often, but it's that ultraviolet light that you're trying to protect yourself from the sun. So that's the same wavelength of light that this telescope was observing. But the Earth's atmosphere blocks a lot of this light from us and protects us so we don't keep getting, you know, melanomas, but on the moon we're able to observe an ultraviolet wavelength. And so this is an image of Earth taken in the ultraviolet using this limiter telescope. And then later on in 2013, China also put a telescope on the moon. But that's been it. We haven't been putting any other telescopes on the moon since then. And so now, you may have heard, we just heard about the Artemis finally launch and it did an uncrewed mission. And so now NASA is spending a whole bunch of money to try to get humans back on the moon. And in order to do that, you know, we're going to have to land a whole bunch of uncrewed landers. We're going to want to put supplies on the moon. And I mean, this is a very tech savvy city. You guys know there's lots of contractors out there and lots of aerospace corporations. And so they're already bidding to land various landers on the moon. And so there's going to be a whole bunch of things being sent to the moon over the next few years, getting ready to send humans to the moon. And so we realized, well, we can just hitch a ride with these guys for free, at least pretty close to free. And boy, we like that. Free is always good. And so where are we going to go? You may have also heard that we've discovered water on the moon, which apparently is a big deal. I guess we didn't think we'd find something like that on the moon. But if you're going to be sending humans to the moon, it sure would be nice not have to bring water, right? We sure hate to have to buy water. I always get annoyed that I got to carry it up the stairs because it's so heavy. So if we could land somewhere where water already is, then that would be great. And so we think we don't know where we're going to land our lander yet, where our telescope's going to be. But there's a good chance we'll probably catch a ride and land it where the water is. And that is going to be an area of the moon called the Schrodinger Basin. So that's something we're going to be looking to. Oops, that way. Can I do it? So we already have the telescope kind of designed. It's not built yet. We're still working on that. But this is the telescope. I might have an laser. Maybe that's going to get one off switch. That's okay. But this is the telescope and it's kind of almost... It's a lot like the telescope you might actually buy and use in your backyard. It's going to be about 15 inches in size. That's the whole telescope. It'll have an ultraviolet camera on it. So I mentioned ultraviolet before. We're actually going to be observing an ultraviolet too. And then it's going to have a basic mount. So it's going to go up and down this way and it's going to rotate this way. But we're going to have to invent something called a lunar clock drive. Because we've never put a telescope on the moon in a while. And so we're going to have to invent some stuff. And that'll be nice because then if we ever want to put more telescopes on the moon, we'll know how to do that. So that'll be kind of cool. But if you think about it, it's a little bit different to track stars from the surface of the moon than it is to track them from the surface of the Earth. So it's kind of cool. Okay. So why exoplanets? Well, exoplanets are cool. We've discovered over 5,400 extrasolar planets in the past few years. When I was a grad student, we didn't know by any of them. And now we've got thousands. But this image is kind of showing you a collection of extrasolar planets. And this image is kind of a lie. Because we don't get images of extrasolar planets like this yet. Oh my goodness. What happened? It's stuck. Can someone get me some water? Some water? So we can't quite get images of extrasolar planets yet. Any time all these pressure leases came out this week because of the meeting and a lot of the pressure leases had these really cool... I got a thing over there too. Oh, thank you. And all the pressure leases, they always come with these pretty cartoons. This is not what astronomers see, unfortunately. We just don't have the technology to be able to collect these pictures yet. I mean, we're working on it. We wouldn't have the technology to take pretty pictures of planets, but we're not quite there yet. But we want to study the atmospheres of these planets because we want to eventually know whether or not they would able to sustain life. They'd be able to sustain life. So that's pretty cool. We'll look into that. So we're focusing on a very specific subset of planets. And these are called transiting planets. These are planets that over the orbit of the planets around its star it will actually pass between Earth and the star. And so a planet will actually block out the light from the star and make the light go down. And then it goes back up and we call that a transit. And that's been the most popular method to find extra solar planets. We found a bunch using something called Kepler. We found a bunch from the ground. And now we're using the test satellite to discover lots of these planets. And there's something special about transiting planets. And here's another image showing the kind of data we might collect. If we observe a star and the planet's going to transit, this is what it's going to look like. We'll see the light being flat and then it will dive down and we'll know that the planet's transiting. The special thing about transiting planets is that if we get transits at different wavelengths of light and we put all that information together we can actually get the spectrum of the atmosphere of the planet. So as the light travels from the star it will pass through the atmosphere before reaching the Earth over its transit. And so you can see all these results coming from the from JWST of WASP 39 and you'll see a whole bunch more results coming out soon over the next few years. And you'll see that it's kind of, you end up producing a squiggly line like what's over there and that is an exoplanetary atmospheric spectrum. And from that we can tell the pattern of the lines tells us what molecules are in the atmosphere of this planet. So we have discovered water, carbon dioxide and methane in the atmospheres of alien planets. So here's some other spectra just showing these are all squiggly lines showing you that they all have different features to them and depending on the pattern of those features it tells you what molecules are in those atmospheres. Now right now this is the only way using transit spectra that we can study planets that are smaller than Jupiter. So we don't have the ability to take pictures of planets that are smaller than Jupiter or any other stars. We will the next few years but right now transit is the only way that we can study the atmospheres of these planets. And you'll see a lot more about this in the coming years. And so with our little mission I wish we were going to do it with all that data the JWST gets but from the moon we have to start somewhere and so what we're going to do is we will just get missions called Buster and we're just going to get one data point at ultraviolet for the transiting planet but that's still very valuable because it's going to be a very small telescope only 15 centimeters and we can't get this data it's an ultraviolet data point and we can't get that from the ground on Earth we have to use the Hubble Space Telescope if we want to get that kind of data for these exoplanets and then I can tell you having served on the Hubble Space Telescope Allocation Committee that it's really hard to get Hubble Space Telescope time so this will allow us to get a whole bunch of data points it's just going to be one point but at least it's something at the ultraviolet and if we get a one point and the ultraviolet and we compare it to the point in the optical from Kepler and Tess then even just knowing the slope of that line is very valuable so and notice that over there there's some Hubble data and some Spitzer data where you get to see all the patterns and you see bumps and whistles from the molecules in the atmosphere but notice over towards the optical and the UV where Luster is everything's flat well that's because of something you're quite used to here in Seattle that is due to atmosphere cakes and it's been frustrating to a lot of astronomers because they get all this data and then they have a flat spectrum and it doesn't tell us much it doesn't you can't tell what molecules in the atmosphere or if it's flat but it still tells you some of the physics of what's going on if you even just get that slope and so we'll get one data point from Luster one data point from Kepler and Tess and that'll help us out a lot and it's from the moon so that's pretty good so we'll be able to tell whether or not the planet has an atmosphere or doesn't have an atmosphere and that'll help tell JWST what we want to do with that telescope another telescope where it's really hard to get time on so knowing as much as we can ahead of time is very useful so what does this mean for the future of the moon we've been thinking about putting telescopes on the moon for decades this was kind of an old 1960s cartoon I found I mean the moon is very handy because it's got these freighter shapes on the surface that look like telescope dishes so we've definitely been thinking about it for a few years now and the radio astronomers they've really been thinking about putting telescopes on the moon because all of you are holding on to your iPhones and you're all admitting signals at radio wavelengths and microwave wavelengths and that's screwing up all these radio observations that we're trying to do from Earth so the radio astronomers they really want to put telescopes on the far side of the moon so we can use the moon to block out all that radio emission from us pesky humans and we already know how to do that because there's an image of Eurasia before it collapsed and it's conveniently all of you know it's shaped like a crater so we already kind of have a skill on how to do that so I did find out that some people are thinking about putting optical telescopes on the moon I mean this is going to cost a lot of money and maybe not do it next maybe our kids or our grandkids will do it and it's pretty cool because they actually said in the article that they're hoping that maybe with these transiting planets we'll actually be able to look for exo-moves so we could look for Endora or Pandora or rings rings around the planets or even based on the shape of the properties of that transit, that dip we can even look for mountains on the surface of the planet which is pretty crazy but you need a really big telescope to be able to do that and a really big telescope with no atmosphere so that's where the future is but this is probably decades decades away we just need money, we know how to do it and so that's it we're doing a telescope on the moon this is still weirdly messed up but I handed out your moon pies this is a southern delicacy would I really call it that I guess but here's the actual logo on here and keep an eye out for the Luster program hopefully get a launch we're hoping and aiming for 2027 alright thank you we're doing questions we have time for questions questions? do you have a roaming microphone? oh I cannot keep the question what? I have to what people? what? the question was one that we'll launch we are hoping we are aiming for 2027 so it's not a really big thing we just have to get on to one of these lander missions as always depending on funding right question how does the haze smear out the features? that's a good question well it's it just makes the atmosphere more opaque so imagine you're you're putting an opaque piece of glass in front of your neon sign and so you don't see the neon the features anymore yeah sometimes you can see sodium and potassium but you can if it's too hazy here it's really close we just have an atmosphere what about like collisions on the moon? it's an excellent question okay she has an excellent question and we get this question all the time and you're going to even hear a joke about it in a second so she asked what about collisions so yes this is this is a test mission this is one of the whole reasons we're putting this telescope on the moon is to also understand like what are you going to do when you land and you're going to kick up a bunch of lunar dust or maybe a micrometeorite comes by and has impressions near it and the dust gets knocked up it's going to have baffles around it to keep the dust off but and we're going to have to also make sure that the light from the surface of the moon because we're actually observing during the day I kind of ignored that in particular detail because it's got solar arrays on it and so in order to keep the power up we'll actually have to be doing it during the day which is very unusual for astronomers we usually do it at night and so there'll be all these baffles and stuff to protect it from the dust but that's what we're testing out the technology we need to protect these things yes over here well it'll be on the moon forever right but we'll be unless we don't pick up our trash we're going to we're right now we're going to be observing for two weeks but if we can get the batteries to last through the night because it's solar powered then we'll keep observing two weeks and two weeks and two weeks until the battery dies so as long as we can get away with is really what we want to do other questions part how much oh you're asking that it's not polite to ask how much admission is you know I honestly don't really understate I don't know because we're paying for little bits of it I know that we're applying for ten million dollars from NASA but we already have a couple million from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation so we're getting funding from different places and I have not been told how much this whole thing costs yeah go ahead oh that's a good question yeah that's a good question she asks do you have to wait for NASA to pick the location before we develop the lunar clock I think the way the design looks the clock's mostly software because it's what we call an alt-as telescope so I think that's mostly just going to be a programming issue but I'm assuming whether or not we launch on the equator versus the pole might infect the hardware so probably a little bit of both come here can't hear well in crowds yeah how would you get the data back to her that's the question the telescope will not be on the dark on the far side of the moon you have to be careful because the dark side of the moon if you really think about it the dark side of the moon changes with lunar phase and we've had the astronomers have had to think about this it's going to be landing on the same side of the moon to the earth so you have a direct line of sight the data will go from just like the astronauts the astronauts were on the side that faced the earth yeah so it'll be on the near side of the moon so the data will go straight from the moon to the earth any other questions these have been great questions they're getting me ready for converts this is great well it's traveling at this speed of light last question I don't know what's the astronomers what's the light speed time of the moon 8 seconds is that right 8 seconds I know it's 8 minutes to the sun no looking no it's kidding a few seconds yeah okay thanks everybody you've been great and what have you been to yeah can we move this out or can we move this at all alright alright everybody another round of applause thank you former wildcat yeah you look familiar you were in grad school when I was a grad student because you were in Megan Sosie's class weren't you yes oh so were you in the same class as Chris I was a couple years ahead of that Chris he's actually married I'm a Mississippi State now he's married to someone at Mississippi State Laura is a professor at Mississippi State like you yeah I know her well so I went to a party at their house and I'm looking at the textbooks going these you'll see this is a little skit we do whenever we do astronomy on tap so I hope you enjoy it now let's start with the song ready hello this is Susie Saturnalia and I'm big on drama and this is astronomy in the news alright there it goes 400 astronomers descended on Seattle for the 241st meeting of the American Astronomical Society officials reply we figured if the astronomers don't need to stay up all night looking at the stars they might as well drink a lot of coffee cause for laughter yeah I know it's the discovery of a new earth-sized planet orbiting in the habitable zone of the star TOI 700 the star lies at a distance of 100 light years so any aliens on the planet will decide whether they want to invade or give us warp speed come on timing is everything when you're doing improvananit it's just being picky, alright it will decide on whether they want to invade or give us warp speed based on their tastes for the Charleston Electric news Astronomers have used JWST to see galaxies which are surprisingly fully formed when the universe was just 3200 million years old this is equivalent to a human being fully formed at the age of 2 of two fully formed the only thing I've seen fully formed from a two-year-old is a nasty surprise in their diaper well yeah I just talked about that at the meeting and just a minute ago you were here on the mission I hear it's going to cost a lot of cheddar come on thank you thank you cheddar oh I get it because you're going to the moon that's really funny ha-ha-ha pop up the cleaner don't believe me get it? the moon jokes yet use the one web company just launched another 40 satellites in the space thus adding to the hundreds launched so far by SpaceX boom space into low earth orbit astronomers are faring for the future of ground-based astronomy and our ability to enjoy dark skies buster very soon you know there is no blockbuster anymore I want to check the news well for me then that's a search and we have yet to discern whether the system has a colder be a tummy tuck from these city lights advance from these city lights and cats a glimpse of a new comet in the night sky the comet named yikes okay c2022 e3 ztf will appear green in color due to the oxygen president's nucleus it is believed that the comet last visited 50 50 000 years ago when the andretals wondered the earth I'm on the splinter of the comet during its last meeting a witness replied of comet protein and earth not good not end finally for the first time that I know of the double as featured multiple sessions on detecting alien techno signatures these are signals from alien technologies like laser pulses dyson spheres or electronic transmissions one of the sessions revealed that the oh right one of the sessions revealed that the problem might be that aliens have been contacting us for the past few decades but the messages have been stuck in our junk email folders thanks a lot microsoft this has been astronomy in the news i'm sat susie saturn and i'm vena dramatopolis stay tuned and keep looking up that was okay the delay was a problem thanks it's hard to do it this environment might be and i'm going to stand over here all right number one how many planets are in the trappist one system it's in six seven eight or nine and the correct answer is seven although i know a few other people who would say that maybe there's an extra one we're not quite sure yet so maybe this answer will change in the future but for now we know it's seven planets in the trappist one system all right number two which astronaut is famous for having written his daughter's initials on the moon i'm realizing now that it's a little bit hard to see the correct answer here because it's marked in red it just doesn't show up right but the correct answer is gene certain who i believe but the last man on the moon as well anybody is that right number three which are the most common types of galaxies in the universe spiral rent spiral lenticular elliptical or irregular and the answer here is elliptical galaxies are the most common type of galaxy in the universe like i don't know which yeah how far away is the nearest star that is not the sun it takes four years for light to get from our nearest star to the earth and it's four light years away who was the first female commander of the international space station that can be piggy witson what color is the sunset on mars it is blue apparently i did not know that one myself i probably would have said red for obvious reasons but it is blue all right you got a little preview there but i'm still you you know all the answers now but i'm still gonna announce it all right which planet has a hexagonal state storm the answer here is Saturn might have thrown you off because you can't see the rings there i'm willing to bet that a lot of you put b jupiter because that that looks like jupiter to me that probably would have been my guess but that is actually Saturn with the hexagonal storm what is the appearance of a comet called it's an emergence of pageant an apparition or a manifestation unfortunately it's an apparition i think i think b or d would be much cooler and if i could go back in time and change one thing it probably wouldn't be this but but this would be like the second thing that i would change if i could go back in time and rename the appearance of a comet i would i would call it a pageant i think that's really nice all right some galaxies in our local group are moving towards our galaxy the milky way is this true or false the answer is true under the influence of the gravity of the local group some of our galaxies are are collapsing towards each other rather than expanding away from each other and number 10 how were peppy elements like gold and iron form was it in a supernova explosion in the big bang when two galaxies flighted or in a coronal mass ejection and the answer is a in a supernova explosion and uh those are answers for trivia tonight so now we have some winners to announce i'm going to start out by announcing the three second place winners there's a three-way tie for second place if you one second place because of the three-way tie you're not going to get any of the the big the big prizes those are going to be for the two first place winners but if you one second place you're going to get your choice between a frisbee please wait until you leave the brewery to use the frisbee or a calendar you can use this in the brewery if you want but you probably already know what day it is okay and with no further ado our three-way tie for second place is team jamie 97 who's jamie 97 raise your hand if that's you all right good job jamie grab a frisbee or a calendar take your pick all right grab it there we go congrats uh jamie got eight correct and also with eight correct is team leo raise your hand if you're team leo nice i'm just gonna bring it to you do you want a frisbee or do you want a calendar frisbee i'm not gonna throw it i would but i can all right and last but not least because they still are a winner is team name i believe it is iad all right and that's you do you want a frisbee or do you want a calendar frisbee i'm still i can't i can't do it i can't be responsible okay and uh now for the exciting two first place winners and um this is going to be random who i announce first so the first person i get to announce is going to choose which prize they want and the second first place winner is going to get the other prize it's just completely random these are in no particular order the uh first first place winner that gets to choose their prize is noa singer raise your hand noa and uh i i hear a lot of clapping but i don't see you is noa here all right well if if noa's around uh you can come claim his prize later but in the meantime our other first place winner who i guess is actually going to have their choice prize is lunar pie is lunar pie around all right nice come choose your prize lunar pie all right lunar pie takes the tumblers okay and with that can you change the slides and with that we're going to get on with our second so the calcium it's blocking that particular part of the light that yellow light and it's generating these very deep um absorptions we call them absorptions in the spectra so therefore we can characterize the the elements that are on the surface or in the atmosphere of the stars um so we take that and we apply it to different stars oh okay uh we apply it to the stars that we think are cool uh and the first one was one of the first ones was better pictures because it has a huge this like all that dust that i was showing before it's around beta peak in a in a very huge like way way way bigger than the solar system this um so we can look at those lines that are obscured by the uh elements in the photosphere of the star and we see this those dips that i was just showing but in this case we have like this additional dips that we don't know where they come from they're not from the star so they're not from the star where can they be from again not everybody wants this um it could be from the interstellar medium so it could be something in front of the star that is blocking that light like especially this or it could be from the circumstellar medium so it could be something in that this in this huge this that is blocking the light of the star and this case like that's it that's what's happening this this is so massive there is some so so many things going on that is blocking the light from the star and if you look at this like this arrow was supposed to show now um you see that there is like these absorptions that are generated from material that it's passing in front of the star but oh wait okay but in different dates so if you see that every date it's a different line style and it generates different absorptions okay so now this blood so these absorptions are actually generated by stuff transiting in front of the star but very very um very very fast so very very close to stuff and it's just basically these comets that I was telling you about so these comets um when they pass in front of the star start to evaporate just like in the solar system they generate the tail that you can cannot see here well this tail when it transits it generates these absorptions this is gas from the comets these comets are so close to their star in this case it's it's the big meta victories that they evaporate the calcium calcium is a refractory element we call them refractory elements when they are they have really high evaporation temperatures the temperature for calcium to evaporate is around 1500 to 2000 kelvin so it's really really fast so it's really really close to the star we actually call them star grazing comets um and I want to bring your attention to something else that it's this the first exocomets were discovered in 1987 I was not born guys like I had not been born yet when they discovered the first exocomets and mind you um oh sorry okay the first wait the first exoplanet was this one this is an artist impression of the first exoplanet do you guys know when the first exoplanet was discovered in 1995 51 pegas eb was discovered in 1995 it had gone almost 10 years since the first exocomets until we discovered the first exoplanet so we know about the existence of comets around other stars before we knew about planets just so you know because I always hear start from exoplanet people it's like no no we were here before um yeah so comments again so I told you about the gas that is uh this part of the comet but there is a lot of other stuff coming out of the comet that it's this thing that is the dust detail because when you evaporate or when you sublimate the comet everything comes out of it like the dust and the gas uh so if we can see the gas when we look at the spectroscopy you remember the pink Floyd thing we should also be able to see the dust what we can we can see it when we look at the light of the star much like we do with the transits of the planets but in this case these transits look funny because we are not seeing a round thing coming in front of the star this is not a spherical this is not symmetrical this is a completely different thing so what we see and look at the bigger one I think it's I think that's the clear one um when we see it's a transit that starts like if it was a planet because the nucleus of the comet is round it's kind of a spherical but then as the tail transits the tail is not spherical the tail just diminishes as the comet passes the further you are from the nucleus the less amount of dust you have from the tail the smaller is the tail so we have this decay can you imagine the comet like comet nucleus and then comet tail um so were we expecting this well yes again like this was predicted in 1999 um it had to pass almost 20 years until we actually got a signal so yeah guys keep up like theorists are way ahead um this is the least now we have around like 30 stars you can you're gonna see anything but you can come ask me to know about the stars when we have around 30 stars right now where we know that there are exocomments so there are a lot of these evaporation processes going on so are we actually having similar processes to what happened in the solar system are we delivering materials to a exo earth where we could have life um okay yeah so but where is the water because i told you about calcium i told you about the dust but what we want to see is the water we want the stuff that can allow life in those planets so what happens is again is the pink Floyd pink but it stands here um what happens is that we can see this light um and then we go to the infrared and then we go to the ultraviolet on the other side but but we have an atmosphere on the earth uh and you can see the the true emission of the different wavelengths that is just obscured by the atmosphere in our planet and we should be thankful because this is what keeps us alive like this is cancer here guys right the atmosphere is protecting us but it's also preventing us from detecting water in other planets so what we want to do is just escape our atmosphere uh we can see water from the ground and enter james webb right the new favorite toy of all the astronomers um jake book is already functioning it was launched december last year so it's over one year old now and it has this capability of looking into the infrared this is what we see more or less this part and this is what james webb sees it goes um all the way to the medium for it to around 28 microns kind of um and it has different instruments that can do different techniques like coronography that is just blocking the light of the star to try to see what's around the star like planets um but we also have um imaging or interferometry or spectroscopy that eats what this decomposes the light and allows us to look into those wavelengths so james webb is going to be the tool that looks into all these uh parts of the spectra that are obscured by the atmosphere so james webb is going to tell us if there is water delivery in those systems with comets we're working on we're working um yeah so it has already told that for one planet at least this was one of the first images that was delivered from james webb when i think it was july 2022 right last year last summer um james webb delivered a few images that were really cool but one was one of one was this one um and it doesn't do good on newspapers you cannot put this on the cover of a newspaper but this is water detection on an extrasolar planet so james webb can do it we just have to push it to do it um but we're working on it like scissors here we're getting um yeah so the james webb is doing a a lot of other two things it's looking at disks this is a disk like the one that i showed from the victory it's just a different start so we're getting really cool images that allows us to study the distribution the location of planets um a lot of things going on there we have also seen the pillars of creation not those ones better ones sorry for the people um we're also seeing very big deep fields like this lenticular it's not yeah this is like a gravitational lens um you can see i really like the stars that james webb makes it has a really cool bsf um and we can also see nebula uh and all the features that are going on in the bow shops um and with that i would like to thank you all cheers um thanks for coming yeah okay cool um yeah i'm happy to take questions if you want to ask now that'll be great if you want to come talk to me that's also great could you people ask could you repeat the question yeah okay no questions that's fine that's great thank you all um feel free to come talk to me or send me an email whatever and thank you guys again for organizing thank you guys no no no all right thanks everybody for coming out from astronomy on double a s edition uh let's take another round of applause for both of our speakers and adults and it's there is still somebody out there who did not bring their often trivia prize so if no one you know but if no one in the house can get your trivia prize we have something else to do with it often be um we're tonight's swimtime tomorrow um my only quick announcement is that we're going to be back in february we did not know the date yet that's why we have a little bracket there but we're gonna be trying to do it because we're proving it to be more than enough to watch this property box uh next month they keep an eye on our social media to find out what the date of that event is going to be we're on twitter facebook and we're also on astronomy on tap website if you search online for astronomy on tap seattle you can find their information there so keep an eye on that space um with that I think we're gonna close out this event so make sure that you grab another beer it's poured off of it as a brewing if you uh if you still have room for another beer we're super grateful to them for having us out here