 In this session we have to highlight the theoretical framework and regarding this theoretical framework actually we are trying to understand different school of thoughts and the first school of thought is the florist school of thought. Because florist school they actually consider voting and free elections as the best ingredients of democracies. Because they consider political behavior of participation, decision making, representation and voting as an important but collective obligation of political system. So florist school of thought according to which the importance is that how people participate in elections, how they participate in the process of decision making. Because as much as we will cast our vote with our own will, we will express ourselves. So what does this mean? Definitely this means that we are going to be a part of decision making. Then another model is elite managerial model. This framework interprets that elections and voters are mere tools in hands of those few who enjoy the real power of politics, representation and decision making. They think that it is right, people vote, it is important, people have representation, it is required, it is also important. But the real power is the people who become a part of the power directly. Meaning those who will be elected after winning, they enjoy the real power. But we can say that if people choose their vote with their own will, they can definitely remove them from the same vote. So what does this mean? That people have the power. Another important school of thought that is the class theories. Class theories also believe that the influence of none like lower middle and working classes on the leadership and their decision is very low. This perspective do believe in potential powers of working classes but consider elections and voting as a legitimizing tool of existing system. Under the perspective of class theories, they believe that the lower middle class and even the working class. Although they have a little power but actually for the winning of someone, for the representative elections actually the voting power is in the hands of all these classes. So in every type of system, class matters, although it varies from system to system and from the method of elections that also varies within the different systems. So they may define democracies in a variety of ways just as the political sociologists they define that the bourgeoisie democracy is a regime in which they are exploiting minority rules by means of a system of legally free popular election. They believe that the majority of people win elections but what about the minority? That minority means those people who lose very few votes. So how will these two be compensated? So the method of representation should be such that it is justified to count the number of votes of people that the decision of the people is so right and so suitable. Then next come the point of rational choice. Rational choice perspective assumes that every individual who takes decision as per his conscious and rational by calculating cost-benefit analysis for himself in a strategic environment provided to him. Voters also decide casting votes in order to maximize their interests and benefits. What is the basic theme of rational choice? What is the basic purpose? What is the basic theme of rational choice? It is that it is important that when people cast their vote, when they use their rightful opinion, then they should actually decide what they should consider and what they should consider as proper cost-benefit analysis. If they make a wrong decision, then in the long term, their price will not have to be paid, but the entire system will have to be paid. So the philosophy of rational choice is that people should take part in the decision-making process by considering the basis of rational thinking and thinking of voting. Then another school is the post-modernist school of thought. In today's world, there are various ideologies. Then the various ideology means that there are capitalist, industrialist, and then bureaucratic administration. So this is all the division, the ideological division, the variation in the systems. So it all influences the participation of the people. So this all situation that is reflected in the classes, in the nation-states, in the political process. So while looking at all these things, keep in mind that the priorities of the voters are determined on what basis. Then the institutional and political culture approach, they also believe in that there are a variety of institutions and people must think about the performance of the institutions and the promotion of the culture. As we have seen in the world, especially in the US, there are different types of movements. Ideological-based, social-oriented movements are an important part of the culture there. And the thing to learn from that is that people should have a sense of awareness that when they decide on their own right, then they should decide on the basis of their own right.