 Before we go to the panelist and I share with you the question which has been posed to the distinguished panelist, I want to take this opportunity to trace the importance of the diversity of the situation and the challenge that the panelist will have in coming with concrete solution, taking into account this diversity, diversity of situation because vulnerability may be linked to different type of situation. Geopolitical, environmental, economic shocks can be due to protected crisis in countries of origin. It can be due as we have seen this morning during the discussion on integration to the lack of long-term integration and inclusion in the country of residence. Diversity in terms of areas of vulnerability, whereas whether they are linked to economic condition, social condition or security. Diversity in terms of groups involved. Whether we're talking about asylum seekers refugee, whether we're talking about migrant workers, including for example women, or if we're talking about children, very different groups and maybe policy responses. But also diversity because of the different stakeholders involved and we had a lot of very interesting discussion this morning. I remind the presentation of Mrs. Marina Del Coral who emphasize the role of central and local authorities, social partners for both trade unions and employers, not only employers as well as other part of a civil society and migrants themselves. If we want to empower migrants we need to think about their role in this process. So we need to find solutions to these challenges that we have been discussing for the past two days. Concrete solution and as a Colombian delegate just before in the past in the previous panel mentioned we need to find innovative ways to address the issue. Not old wine in new bottles but we need to find new solutions. So with this very short introduction setting a little bit the scene for a panelist I want to remind the three questions which are asked to the panelist. What role do the various actors that you represent have in preventing and addressing migrant vulnerability? How can international cooperation and coordination efforts to address migrant vulnerability and empower migrant be strengthened? And last how can multilateral system foster discussion and consensus on the inclusion of this issue in the global compact for migration? So as I said we have a distinguished panel to address these questions starting with Mr. George Jashi. Since 2012 you are executive secretary of the Secretary of the State Commission on Migration Issue at the Ministry of Justice in Georgia. Mr. you have a floor. Thank you very much indeed thanks to IOM for inviting us and giving a possibility to express our viewpoints with regard to this important issue. Since the very time when states start managing migration the collective action has always been crucial in building relevant mechanisms guaranteeing their sustained development and addressing challenges arising. The more complex as developed migration processes are the stronger coordinated action is required and that concerns all levels from the deep national to the top global and vice-versa. If this chain is weak at any link it may cause damage to all system in spite of how effectively organized and managed the mechanisms are at both ends. Thus the well-running coordination at the global level does not necessarily mean its perfect combination with national or international so-called sub-global level systems. On the other hand the fragmented and discordant action at a local level is capable to harm the process on both national and global levels. There is a common consensus over the need for inclusive approaches to the migration management especially when it comes to the migrants in vulnerable situations. As any other work in migration management especially at a global basis the protection and empowering of such migrants starts and entirely depends on a coordination based approach of all actors. The call for better or even just a coordinated action especially in this regard is more frequently voiced out at practically all relevant international forums and is among others underline the New York Declaration for refugees and migrants and the report of Mr. Peter Sutherland. From the national viewpoint which will review the case from the above interaction does have 3D perspective local international and global. All the dimensions are very much interdependent. The local platform which has an influence on two following dimensions is indeed complex and in certain event and cases much very much depends on those it can influence on. The coordination among the stroika nowadays does or should very much look like a process of a tunnel construction where two teams are building the tunnel from the opposite sides towards the junction point defined with the help of the third team. The project is successful when at the end the tunnel joins at the place defined and agreed upon by all three. Given the multidisciplinary nature of modern migration the number of actors both at national and at national levels are increasing and their role equally needs to be well coordinated. Well above there you're going to see the one slide I prepared for to represent this logo of my organization the one slide is not because I'm lazy or just violating the rights of my organization it's because how we see the landscape of coordination and its architecture. As practice evidences the global coordination process depends on coordination at a national level where the state must provide an umbrella uniting all relevant including new players in migration management governmental structures international organizations civil society academia municipalities ombudsman and natural immigrants who hold keys for the success of global initiatives and their translation for the people. To realize that there is a need for a modern strong comprehensive flexible and effective mechanism capable to run the simultaneous interlinked and coordinated action of all relevant actors but on both levels on regional and the central levels from the law enforcement agencies to those dealing with economics social labor health statistics regional development and other equally important fields. Our experience showed us that the best platform for that is a commission type platform and trusted to be the main vote responsible for the elaboration planning coordination and implementation of migration policies. It must bring together political level representatives of all state agencies involved in influencing on or linked with migration management. Its architecture must be designed in a way to cover exclusively all fields of migration at all levels be most flexible for the modernization and capable to adjust its immediate action on the basis of effective coordination among all actors. It has to be based on a simple but effective platform where the ideas deriving from collective thought are prevailing over the artificial barriers that could be created by non-coordinated action. To enhance its potential and avoid simultaneous or duplication work where documents are more progressive than action the platform should include the relevant international and non-governmental organizations. That's the main product provided by this thought the policy will be the result of a strong synergy between the state agencies represented at the ministerial level NGOs international organizations the third team helping us in defining a junction point of our tunnel municipalities the voice from the local level migrants themselves and academia guaranteeing the preliminary and deep analysis of the action to be undertaken. Such a collective mechanism is capable to correctly and effectively assign the rules of different players coordinate and increase the cooperation among all including international partners avoid overlaps parallel action duplications and by that increase necessary resource mobilization and finally ensure the sustainability of decision making. The decision making should be built upon and in most cases it will be a push factor for the trustworthy high quality migration data highlighting the actual trends and patterns hidden. This in modern world can be achieved by the combination of already established policy tools such as migration profiles with the newer opportunities provided by big data technologies. Based on the above tools and product it provides other ways. It is possible to create a policy vision that can put forward the genuine needs of migrants and replicate picture and real abilities of the state. Such a system will quell multi or in our case miscommunication of different actors from local level with global process thus ensuring that the approach of the state is single and derives from a joint work of all represented on the ground. On the other hand this type of action will involve and to some extent do something which sometimes might not occur outside of state coordinate on the ground the work of relevant international actors and their headquarters thus shifting the motion to a second international dimension. The coordinated action of those two will have an immense effect it will send a clear message as a reply on needs identified at a global level a third dimension and ensure that voices of all are properly replicated in GCM. This is something we've already gone through in Georgia and achieved the results. Through the commission unifying 12 state five civil society and seven international organizations we have created a new migration strategy for 2016-2020. It is the first strategic document and a guideline for the state which by considering other relevant strategies and using unified e-data collection system establishes the basis for the support to regular and fight with irregular migration. Development of international protection system in Georgia strengthening integration and reintegration policies mainstreaming migration and development improvement of migration management enhancement of international cooperation and rising of public awareness. However this is a flip side of the coin in our case tunnel to have a result there is a need for the parallel and in some extent similar action on a global level to guarantee that GCM is based on a multilateral approaches oriented on improving migrants rights and especially of those in vulnerable situations. Thank you very much Mr. Joshi I think we you you made a clear case for the need to improve improved coordination in the context where the number of actresses are increasing as you pointed out too you came with a very concrete solution with this commission type platform which is not only interministerial but also multi-level with also some representative of the NGO involved civil society migrants themselves and academia. Obviously that raised the question of how you can make all these different actors work together the budget question the question of policy trade-off of different time frame that these different actors may have but I'm sure we come back to this discussion to this question during the discussion. Let me turn now to Mr. Gibril Phal who is a founding and interim director of ADEP. ADEP is Africa Europe diaspora development platform and I'm sure you'll tell us more about that and you are also co-founder and director of GK partner a UK-based company that advised on socially responsible business model social enterprises legal structure responsible finance and business for development. Mr. Phal you have a floor. Thank you very much Mr. Chair. I will concentrate my presentation on the third question in the program which is how can the multilateral system foster discursions and consensus on the inclusion of vulnerability in the global compact on migration. I have no intention to be boring but I will be repeating things that may bore you. For the sake of clarity I want to repeat what I think is a reasonable consensus as to what vulnerability is within the context of migration that it is diminished capacity to resist cope with or recover from violence exploitation abuse and or violations of human rights and the implication of this definition is that vulnerability is not inherent to any class or group of migrants it is about situations not circumstances so the key elements are situations and circumstances so the situations that cause vulnerability in migration generally are the abuse exploitation and human rights violations we're talking about and the circumstances are the inadequacy of individuals to deal with these situations by themselves. There is an exception to that rule and we can use that exception perhaps to illustrate how multilateral discursions can help focus vulnerability issues in the compact and that exception is children because of their very nature of inherent lack of capacity to deal with this they are almost always being able to be categorized as vulnerable on that basis we need to just check and this is more an analytical exercise rather than a philosophical one and check whether or what are the issues that are very prevalent in making migration in creating migration vulnerabilities over the past two days we've already heard some of them we will not be surprised by any of them we know them the analytical exercise is to do a disciplined piece of work of identifying them and homing in in relation to the discussions with the compact the examples we have are lack of access to health and legal services xenophobic and racist harassment and violence another example would be wage fraud and financial exploitation there are other examples but we know what they are these generally are areas where you can find vulnerability of the situations where you will find vulnerability of migrants now what or how should we address this in the compact I think it is now time considering we are in July of 2017 then the discussion of the content of the compact must be accompanied with the discussion about the format of the compact so that we home in on actualities rather than the broad speculations the guide we've got is this that the compact would have to be principles actionable commitments and understandings at the global forum on migration and development in berlin we had the opportunity to discuss possible formats and I have printed out a copy a two-side one page document it is on the desk by the door you can have a look at that and amongst the suggestions I would use the suggestions of the format to refer to the specific areas of vulnerability is that of course we do need to have a short vision and a reaffirmation of existing agreements that should perhaps be a single statement a single paragraph that just confirms and reaffirms everything we agreed including the binding provisions now when we come to principles I think we should focus ourselves on new principles genuinely new principles or principles that need updating and on that basis on vulnerability I can give examples as to what I think we should be focusing on regularization without any doubt is one circumstance that tends to make migrants vulnerable so maybe a principle a genuinely new principle on regularization should be something discussed with the intention of it being agreed in the compact where it what you agree as member states it's up to you but I think as an area it is some a point of principle that need to be discussed another principle that needs to be perhaps updated would be the idea of firewalls for the provision of essential services health services education social care and things like that so that's the example of new or updated principles another example of principles is about not only the non updated principles not only about the non criminalization of migrants but the non criminalization of migrant solidarity because we are beginning to see some organizations who support irregular migrants being indirectly perceived as committing criminal offenses so the non criminalization of solidarity maybe a principle so if we move from principles that is focusing on new or on updated principles then I think this is the moment and I heard strongly some of the statements made yesterday and today that we have to focus on doing something practical and something new and something new that I would suggest is for member states to commit to omit that is to find a short list of things where they are making a commitment to omit meaning this shall never be done and taking children as an example there can be a commit to omit that children will never be detained and the difference between order commitments and this commit to omit is that it's a binary function for some activities there is a degree and a spectrum to which you achieve it but a commit to omit is it's either on or off it's binary you detain children or you do not detain children and that will be a short list but I think it is important in the context of innovation in the context of implementation in the context of moving from where we are to thrive this psychological approach of commit to omit then when we come to the general commitments I think this would be the long list this would be the biggest part of the compact it would be the long list of things that member states and their partners civil society business would commit to do and in that on the issue of vulnerability we can have a whole long list of things for example end to indenture type of employment where your passports being held or some forms of sponsorship that's a commitment another area of commitment might be access to social security in descending country or countries of origin whereby even you're working abroad there should be a facility for you to be able to contribute to country of origin other examples would be not to link terrorism and general heinous crimes to migration or migrants it is true that you would have migrants who are criminals but I can assure you our citizens are far more than able to cause havoc to our countries without the help of migrants we prove it every day and thirdly I think another example of commitment in this area is the concept of trans nationality the wall have become smaller in every possible form yet it is in our nature as humans to think about the order the outsider and blame them one of the practical ways of dealing with it is to come up with the principle of trans nationality when I talk about this is the time I said this is the time we're almost missing the hippies and the 1960s the wall needs more loving more loving and more loving and lack of we should not be ashamed of it because the opposite is so prevalent that the concept of trans nationality and the love of humankind should be repeated and finally when it comes to monitoring my point about that in terms of format is it should be about monitoring and improvement so that the whole approach to monitoring is not to name and shame but to make it easy for member states to say in this area I am not doing well what can I learn from orders to improve because every member state is doing something's good something's bad and in few things very awkward things are happening so we need to change the monitoring approach so that it's about improvement and mr chair I think that's all I had to say thank you very much so thank you very much for this very inspiring speech let me turn to the third speaker mr Marius Olivier who is an extraordinary professor in the Faculty of Law Northwest University South Africa but you're also teaching in the University of Western Australia and you are director of the Institute for Social Law and policy the floor is yours thank you chair thank you thank you so much for the to the IM for the invitation to to make a presentation here and for the support given this is all about the global compact we are told we heard from the chair this afternoon that we should look at new solutions at empowerment and the like what I'm going to present to you on the topic of social protection for migrant workers abroad the subtitle addressing the deficit of our country of origin unilateral measures is an outcome of two recent comprehensive studies are undertook for on the one hand the ILO and the African Union Commission and on the other hand for the ILO and ASEAN the Association of Southeast Asian Nations about the social protection status of migrant workers it deals in particular and specifically with unilateral measures undertaken by countries of origin the contents as you can see in the slide and we won't have time to cover all in fact all that I actually will have time for is to read through a few slides given our constraints but a few words about the challenges faced by migrant workers abroad in relation to access to social protection as an introduction to the issue of the work done in this regard by by countries of origin then secondly developments concerning the extension of social protection to migrant workers by country of origin we won't have time for the historical approaches we'll say a few words about international standards or perhaps the lack thereof and certainly importantly developing state practice and finally to the extent that we have time some comments on conclusions and recommendations so the first part then actually deals with the challenges themselves and in this regard next slide please the uh it is clear for anybody here and I think for all of us who work in this area that there is a lack of or weak social protection for migrant workers in several host countries and there are several many reasons for that in particular what I would like to emphasize is that in certain regions for example in the Gulf countries very limited provision is made for the extension of social protection to migrant workers on the other hand the social protection systems of host countries may not be adequately developed and it's another reason why our migrant workers are often excluded bilateral social security agreements often being seen as a golden standard are still new to large parts of the developing world where they do exist however that often only cover a limited range of benefits social security benefits and only in relation to certain workers categories of workers in particular higher skilled workers so we can see that the rank and file of the workers are excluded despite recent attempts to provide more extensive coverage of migrant workers than before there is also a tendency which is quite prevalent at least in asia to develop separate but inferior regimes or schemes if you like for the coverage of migrant workers in particular unskilled and lower skilled migrant workers these separate schemes provide protection which is less beneficial in comparison with that available to nationals and often also at times to higher skilled non-national the second part deals with developments concerning the extension and I want to turn my attention to international standards as far as countries of origin are concerned so I'm not talking about host countries there is no binding international instrument or international standard in relation to what countries of origin could or should be doing to extend social protection to the migrant workers yet increasingly reference is made in soft law instruments as we call it and I've been able to find at least three the one is a 2007 sebu declaration of asian which makes it clear that origin countries are encouraged to set up policies and procedures to protect their workers when abroad secondly a 2006 isla migration multilateral framework and labor migration with you know several country practices and finally the 2008 UN comment general comment number 19 on the right to social security extended protection for national workers employed abroad is indeed in the making and is happening as we even heard in the last session before lunch Colombia and Mexico perhaps one of the most important notable developments recent year several migrant sending countries have introduced measures to provide some social security protection to their own workers abroad invariably strengthened by an extensive raft of supporting measures in fact in asian itself no less than six of the 10 asian countries have done indeed this and this is a recent phenomenon the measures have included and I'm just touching the basics the establishment of special overseas welfare funds workers welfare funds Philippines and Sri Lanka other measures have included voluntary and at times compulsory affiliation in national social insurance schemes or measures and schemes aimed at supporting the flow of remittances and even the unilateral exportability by the country of origin of social security benefits the extension has amongst others been achieved through very interesting legal mechanisms constitutions increasingly speak to this and statutory frameworks even in some provisions bilateral treaties as you can see on the slide next slide these extension mechanisms are often supported by a range of complementary institutional operational and information sharing measures which we don't have time to discuss that brings me to conclusions recommendations the first place unilateral measures by countries of origin are of relatively recent origin but seem to be growing in extent and in popularity so it is indeed happening they cover sizable numbers of migrant workers in the case of the Philippines eight million some would say 10 and in the case of Sri Lanka two million yet they appear to be particularly problematic in the absence of appropriate and effective monitoring enforcement and persuasion mechanism the other challenge is too limitations of extraterritorial implementation how do you implement extraterritorially what you want to do as a country of origin or there are solutions think of the Philippines online transactions using embassies as vehicles and even arranging with host country institutions such as the Netherlands is doing countrywide worldwide also contributions paid for this purpose are often too low to provide meaningful coverage and may place too much burden on the migrant workers innovative funding solutions are needed including allowing channeling of remittances for this purpose the benefit range so security benefits that ranges often too unwieldy and goes beyond so security provision deportation or repatriation everything else that you can think of being covered or more focused arrangement is needed to enhance social security coverage further challenges include that the fact that the social security systems of some of the very countries of origin themselves are still weakly developed although we see large scale improvements in Africa and and also in ASEAN absence of a statutory mandate and a policy and program framework in some countries these need to be developed the lack of in of awareness of entitlements regarding the insurance which has been contracted for and also complex claim mechanisms and these arrangements do not generally cover informal workers and on deck we do make two on the first of your contradictory points but both are true unilateral agreement sorry arrangements it should be not agreements can never replace what should be the primary source of protection of migrant workers social security rights i.e coverage under the laws of the host country unilateral measures remain measures of last resort yet however a unilateral arrangement emanating from countries of origin provide interesting important avenues of coverage protection and support these arrangements and interventions can provide important forms of protection and may be easier to adopt than buy and multilateral framework then last slide my final recommendations it's my view and based on the research that we have undertaken there's considerable scope which exists for north south and even south south learning in this regard many sending countries countries of origin need the technical advice as to how to do this thirdly it will be worthwhile to develop in my view a compendium of good practice examples that may be of considerable assistance and finally and perhaps most importantly i would like to suggest that there is a need to develop a framework of international standards and guidelines standards and guidelines to inform and strengthen the use of unilateral measures by countries of origin thank you very much professor Olivier i think thank you for for putting on the table this question of social protection this is obviously extremely important in that discussion you mentioned some practical solution special obviously welfare found these guidelines that you mentioned at the end of your presentation also you put on places on soft soft cooperation and exchange which i think is very relevant in this context obviously one other challenge is here to go beyond migrant workers and cover all migrants including family migrants and other migrants but maybe one step at the time so let's see we have question i have on my list the ambassador of a mission of a sovereign military order of malta first followed by libya and if other would like to take the floor please raise your flag the order Malta would like to thank the organizers of this extremely interesting session the order Malta will continue to address migrant vulnerability through its international diplomatic network on the multilateral level in Geneva New York Brussels Rome and Strasbourg as well as through its bilateral ambassadors in 106 countries and its national associations and the field operations of Maltese international we would like to engage with other stakeholders to maximize cooperation for the protection of migrants the order Malta would finally like to stress the importance of the full respect of relevant rules of international regional and domestic law as well as universal religious values that promotes the protection of human life and dignity and international solidarity thank you mr president thank you so much mr moderator i want to grab this opportunity actually to share with you distinguished professor some ideas that none of the previous panelists which would love to share it with me because i i knew that most of the previous panelists most of them were migrants so i need someone who's very transparent and could guide me and could guide us all now to start with how to reduce vulnerability i said from the very beginning to reduce vulnerability is to legalize migration if if migration would would not be legalized means to be regular rather than irregular then would not we would not find a durable solution because we've been taught we've been taught that we should respect human rights democracy and the rule of law and i believe if i'm a migrant and i wanted to go to a country of a destination or a transit country illegally it means i'm breaking the law and i'm breaking the rules that i should have been respected in the first place before i ask for someone to respect my rights i have to respect other regulations so the second point which is the last point mr professor the the theme that we heard the new york declaration recommends for us is the title of the global compact the title is the solution the title is and everybody knows it's a global compact on safe orderly and regular migration i understand professor that means a migration which is unsafe is not welcomed a migration which is irregular is not welcomed this is how i understand the title of the of the compact otherwise please guide me mr professor so i want to say maybe it's the last time i would take the floor and this workshop i would say that by the adoption of this global compact there will be no place for irregular migration there will be no place for unsafe migration thank you very much thank you uh who followed by miama and guatemala the international maritime organization is the united nations specialized agency based in london responsible for safe secure and efficient shipping and deprivation of of pollution from ships including of course the safety of life at sea as such the organization is responsive responsible for a range of international legal instruments including the safety of life at convention and the search and rescue convention and also has a comprehensive guidance and information resources some of which are of relevance to the unsafe movement of mixed migrants by sea the 172 member states of the ayamo recognize that using the search and rescue system is reined in the solace and circumventions to respond to max uh mix migration was neither foreseen nor intended using the search and rescue system and the diverting merchant ships is not a viable solution to the migrant crisis although governments and the American shipping industry will continue rescue operations safe legal alternative pathways to migration must be developed developed including safe organized migration by sea if necessary as ayamo represented represents probably the most international of industry we fully understand that control legal migration is essential to the sustainability of the global economy however we strongly condemn the illegal people smugglers the associated profiteers and the misery they cause loading people onto onto clearly unsafe vessels and boats the ultimate solution lies in addressing push pushing factors and this is not in ayamo's remit although ayamo has been working with other bodies and agencies including UNHCR IOM and UNODC to promote a coordinator approach in June 2017 the maritime safety committee is one of the organs of the organization had the opportunity to consider the proposal made by the international chamber of shipping to support further action by the organization in parallel with other united nation specialized agencies to promote appropriate and effective action at the united nations according to the information provided by ICS international chamber of shipping and despite the welcome increase in government funded resources and the activity of non-governmental organization vessels the number of merchant ships involved in rescue operation has remained relatively constant since 2015 and the average number of person rescued by each merchant ships remains over 110 in 2016 a total of 381 merchant ships were diverted and 121 ships were involved in the rescue of 13,888 people of particular concern for the shipping industry is the upward trend in migrants reported debt or mission in 2015 and 16 which based on currently the indicators can be expected to continue into 2017 and beyond member states and international organizations are filmed at the committee they're concerned for the humanitarian situation and the loss of life and agreed that the way forward was to promote appropriate and effective action at the united nations the maritime safety committee also encouraged member states and international organizations in consultative status to participate in the global compact on migration finally the secretary general reiterated his sincere appreciation to member states that have been contributing to the rescue of migrants at sea using naval military and intelligent services thank you miyama mr chen in islancy when we are discussing in a global combat on migration we cannot advise any issue which is constantly undermines this orderly and regular migration from the map aspectic that issue of people smuggling and human trafficking is directly and adversely affecting the combat we are discussing we had had just uh during the course of yesterday's discussion that this issue is common to many's region in the world therefore we should be thinking of sufficient policies take care from brightest to transform prepare smuggling and human trafficking in addition to the effective implementation of assistive legal framework the gcm we are looking at it should be taken into consideration of the foreign best practices one providing technical assisted and enhancing capacity building or sending state for a leak at a photo and six channel on migration to but our cooperation and coordination among national content point of law and foreign mass agency in protection of the business right of migrants in the vanara situation including domestic workers and three government less initiated to evoke migrants lever sending and use a private sector in both sandy transits and receiving state to product the fundamental right of migrants worker in all time including before departure during transits and at their workplace form situa and fortified the contribution on NGOs to gain to assistant of migrant in the normal situation including migrants worker in both sandy transits and receiving state and thank you mr chair what about the fruit by Sri Lanka thank you mr. moderator consider the world pact is the opportunity to provide the necessary conditions so that the people can migrate safely and regularly we must create mechanisms that allow the people not only to regularize their migration situation but also to integrate fully into the welcome societies as soon as we can discuss forms to face coordinated the consequences that are derived from the great movements of migrants and refugees we should not lose the perspective of the urgent need to attend not only the consequences but the causes of such migratory movements in that sense insist on the importance of the concrete associations and practices between countries of origin transits and destiny as well as international organizations humanitarias de desarrollo financieras contando con la participación activa de la sociedad civil y las comunidades locales y las diasporas muchas gracias thank you very much Sri Lanka mr chair among several efforts to reduce vulnerabilities of migrant the government of Sri Lanka had introduced a combating team named anti-human trafficking task force with the assistance of the attorney general criminal investigation department and with collaborations of IOM, ILO and civil societies to protect the victims of human trafficking and to trace and to catch the traffickers and sue them before the law and meantime they have introduced another pre-orientation programs especially to migrant workers and there is another special matter we have introduced hodovethical conduct for recruitment agencies in Sri Lanka though this has happened but incidentally we are hurting unfortunate incident at the first countries about our employees without the control of the the countries involved for these recruitment specially and I draw your kind attention the attention of the IDM for these incidents unfortunate incident to eradicate unfortunate incidents thank you thank you thank you very much mr moderator just we raise our flag just to reiterate what has been said by the and thank the the speakers for what has been said and we hope that this has been already an agreed principle the first one is in terms of coordination we have already done this and what has been made proven to be doable that it should always be an interagency that involves national regional and local governments as well as includes other stakeholders like the NGOs the CSOs and academia in terms of effective coordination the second one is that said that there is no inherent vulnerability of migrants it is the situation that they are in that makes them vulnerable and in that sense we do believe that it should be it should be highlighted again that there is no illegal migrant it is it is their situation that makes them in irregular situation third the unilateral protective measures done by states especially by countries of origin should not and could not replace the measures that should be done by or whatever reason by by host governments in pursuant to their human rights obligation to which they have agreed to do thank you very much mr chair last columbia nosotros tenemos la tendencia de de hacer distinciones y categorizar a los migrantes situando los en varias categorías que el migrante económico que el migrante forzado que el migrante voluntario y aunque muchas veces ese esfuerzo para categorizar y dado la complejidad precisamente el fenómeno migratorio esa distinción no es posible hacerla en la práctica y de ahí precisamente el argumento de que todos los migrantes sin importar su condición tienen el mismo derecho a las leyes humanitarias y yo creo que el principal reto precisamente de este gran pacto que hemos negociado es aquella población de migrantes que tienen que dejar sus casas sus hogares y irse sin ningún tipo de planificación a otros lugares ahí es donde debe tener el mayor reto y el mayor compromiso este pacto gracias over the last word on the panelists to the panelists just one minute one minute thirty second each starting with you mr josie your concluding remarks please well still coordination at all level it's it's it's really important because without a coordination any kind of ideas deriving from each end global or national and then they cannot be fulfilled because someone can start some good ideas and some good action but other cannot proceed because there is no coordination however the compact I think will be one of the important things there because it will somehow make an umbrella for this kind of coordination and also reveal the problems which are on the on different levels in terms of cooperation and coordination among international players thank you mr fel I am encouraged by the fact that almost every positive and innovative idea we think about there is one or more country in the world that is championing it and doing it so my lesson from that is the compact perhaps what we should aim for is for plurality of opportunities rather than trying to insist on sort of coherence because countries would be at different places but we need to have a compact that allows different countries to try different things and for people to learn from each order and link to that is for example innovation on circular migration I think there to be new and renewed and innovative thinking about circular migration from business point of view we've been now talking about the possibility of job sharing so that the circular migrant who's in one country for six months perhaps have a counterpart in the country of origin so that when he or she returns to the country of origin they're not returning just sitting there they're returning productively engaged knowing that they can go back job sharing is done very well in many economies within countries perhaps it is time to try it across borders as well thank you mr olivier yeah thank you while i'm in agreement with the representative from the Philippines of course as clear front presentation let me make a remark or two about the representative from Libya on the irregular migrants three short remarks i think the world can really take notice of what is done in some asian countries in terms of the regular rising the position of literally millions of migrant workers i invite you to consider this a country like thailand for example has done magnificent job in that regard secondly the issues that we have been discussing in my presentation on the extension of mechanisms by or measures by countries of origin there's no reason in my view why in principle these measures cannot also should not also cover undocumented and informal migrant workers there may be some practical challenges there and thirdly i would suggest that for the compact it's actually crucial to take this issue on board as to what can countries of origin do in fact more than that what could be expected of them to support in social protection terms their own migrant workers abroad thank you thank you very much to all the panelists please join me in thanking them for