 Welcome to AG MOOC lectures and in this lecture, what we will be doing is, we will be talking about the Sustainable Resources Management in Agriculture and then what we are talking about in the, we have seen in the agriculture practices is and the agriculture is a oldest profession or oldest activity which we have started, people started growing crops and then the water requirements are meant from river, lakes and then conveyance through the canals have been taken place, okay. So that is one aspect. The second aspect is as we started growing more and more areas are brought into agriculture. In that case, that because of our excess use in growing the crop, we have used started using pesticides, we have started using some chemicals, fertilizers and things like that. And then the third is whether the, there is a time requirement between one crop area, one crop season to another crop season to third crop season. So that there is a recuperation of aeration takes place in the soil which has been not done and another thing is there are crops, 15 months crop, 12 months crop like a cash crops because of the cash crop it is like you have invested more money in the crop and you have to get back that if it does not go happen then there are problems related to the social problems have started it. So now what has happened was, now there is going to be another dimension to the agriculture is and coming under the threat is about the climate change and we are not talking, we are not aware what type of change which we have we can handle it and how to prepare our self is our main issue. In that case then what all the information content whether it is documented, not documented everything in the same so that we can compare and learn and then do a different way of practices. So that was not available in the previous years. So now we have started documenting it in a digitally through this geographical information system or a geospatial information system where every the land portion is covered with latlan and things like that whereas whatever the activities which you try to do it that is all documented whether it has given us a good flip to grow and at some places what has gone wrong for it gives some sort of an evidence some sort of a data for us to analyze what has gone wrong and what has gone right and what are all the impacts after 5 years or 10 years these are all the things which we have learnt now. Now what is what we are looking for is this agriculture need to be a sustainable one that means that there should be a steady growth and steady output of crop yield is required to meet our populations in the year future and at the same time our resources like natural resources like water and storage all the facilities water those facilities are in a deteriorated conditions now how much we can spend and how much we can expect how much we will be able to share our resources with other people non-agriculture people is the question now. In that way what we are trying to do is we are trying to integrate all the parameters all the spatial temporal and local in a different levels different levels in the sense either in the regional level mid local level or in the farm level all these documentation is needed that documentations can be created using the GIS applications that is what we have talked about in the entire 7 weeks period now what are the different requirements for the sustainable agriculture in the forthcoming thing is you can sustainable achieved by identifying a unplanned agriculture practices in a particular area and overuse of natural resources that means the overuse and unplanned activities they may damage the system as well as the it may drain out our natural resources okay. So this needs to be identified needs to be monitored and it needs to be synchronized with the rest of the activities that is what the sustainable agriculture it may lead us to do that another thing is this we are talking about the smart agriculture smart agriculture is smart is something like that use little input get the maximum output that is what increased productivity is needed and I need to adopt things wherever is possible so that what is the reduction of CHG that means greenhouse gas emissions so that the global warming could be minimized or may be controlled from the contributions of burning of fields from the agriculture sector. Now the third aspect which we can do by this way is our crop area assessment is always done on a ground basis but which takes time but now we have remote sensing satellites and other monitoring devices which will give you about crop area crop conditions and crop yield predictions. So the another resources which we can use adopt in the agriculture practices is management of water resources depending upon the availability or non availability and minimizing the water losses and then minimum losses maximum production per drop of water or so forth. Third thing is about identification of the pest and attacks and how it is where it started and how it is spread and how to kill the other way around crop area assessment then major thing is when you want to go for a agriculture area expansion land suitability is one among them. The land suitability analysis is based on the aerial extent quality of the soil and suitability for a particular crop. The disaster management is related to drought or flooding or that kind of category whereas when it comes down to the precision agriculture where the crop yield predictions are very accurate at the same time the monitoring cost or the measurement cost it becomes little expensive and whether it is manageable or not that has to be seen on a larger period. So what is needed at this part of the time is there is a regional specific management plan that means identify this area needs to be done only with this type of crops and we are expecting it instead of variations within the region. The technology could be effectively used in assessing, giving or farmer related information accurately the identity of the system or identity of the region need to be preserved. Now there are degradation of land like what we said about in the soil salinity at a water logging and it leads to the environmental degradation which will prevent us to reuse the area for after a long time. Then another one is about the crop yield. See crop yield estimation is one thing and which are the areas which are having a lesser crop yield irrespective of the best efforts and finding a solution and doing a research on that is of prime importance when then growing more crops. When there are pollutions, when there is a rain then there is a take a pesticides and fertilizers are carried away from a larger distance and if it gets stored in a particular pond and then the pond develops certain environmental degradation. So these are all the things which is happening because of the agriculture related activity or groundwater gets nitrate and other issues, other elements which gets enriched and which makes the groundwater not drinkable in the near areas. Health hazards as well as natural hazard, these are all the hazard which we have followed it and which we can identify and contain this hazard to a lesser extent by using these natural hazards and health hazards can be minimized by making it awareness and which induces growth and then it damages. So these are all some of the areas which we have can have a suitable sustainable agriculture management. And in this thing, this geographic information system it can be in a different scales as we said is the farm scale or it is a plot scale up to the regional scale and that means that scales which we talk about is 1 is to 1000 scale as well as 1 is to 50,000 scale. So that resources especially the water resources which is available in the area can be accurately assessed and the demands can be met and interrupt out the water supply can be given into the farm sector. So that they will be able to grow and then give a sufficient crop yield to the country and making the food security important for these things. So this is what this course sums up with there are different water is taken as a primary one which is likely to be affected because of the climate change how this temporal variations. Another important factor in the sustainable preparing a sustainable plan is that we may have to have all these parameters in hand and we have to address these issues in a integrated manner not only in growth period sustaining it and then including the crop yield increase. Now this is the way wherein our aim in the near future is about measuring it, monitoring it and developing a different kind of adopting it different technologies in making the crop yield with a target of the crop yield. So that we will be able to provide enough security to the food for the forthcoming generation. Thank you.