 Lesley Wilson, gwaith i gael y 25 ymgyrch gyda'i Edyn. Felly, wedi ychydig yn y cwmhwysgol? Wel, ymgyrch gyda Edyn, mae wedi'u gweld gweld fyddai hwnnw, a mae'r ysbyt yn cymdeithasol, sy'n cyfnodd yw'r ysbyt yn ystafell, Ie, mae 25 ymwysig, mae'n cyfnodd y 25 ymgyrch, ac mae'n cwmhwysig ac mae'n cyfnodd yn ymgyrch, a'n gyfnodd yn ysbyt yn ymgyrch. Mae gynllun o'r cymdeithasol ymddangos yn ymarfer. Mae'n ddweud o'r cymdeithasol ymddangos diolch. Mae'n ddweud o'r cymdeithasol ymddangos ymddangos yn unig, ond mae'n gofal sy'n oedd eich gwaith yma, ymddangos? Mae'r gwybod i ddim, mae'r Cymdeithasol ymdano yn gwybod i'r cyfrifio am y ddechrau o'r cyfweld cymdeithasol. Mae'n gwybod bod yn ymdwy'r proses Bolognau, ac mae'r gwybod i'r cyfrifio'r Ymddangos, a they said, Well we need to have a say in this and so we need to have an association that involves national associations of universities and also all the individual universities in Europe and it shouldn't be just those in the European Union countries it's got to be as broad as possible because that's really terribly important for us. So we have 850 members individual university members in 47 or 48 countries now and there are 35 national associations and they're basically where we work together to develop policy positions on big issues and try and influence the European Commission and influence the national governments and so forth whereas for the for the universities you know they go from basically the east of Russia to the north of Norway to the south of Portugal and so it's a huge diversity and it's kind of our role to try and bring people together on common topics and to help universities deal with new topics and issues that arise. That's a huge undertaking all those members you know what are the roadblocks or the problems or the challenges you've got there? Well you've got the the advantages if we get our act together then it's a very powerful voice because really we can say to whoever whether it's the ministers all together or the European Commission well look over 800 universities have agreed that this is really important for them but on the other hand there are a whole sort of topics that it's difficult to get any type of common position because the systems work differently the universities are very different so we have to be quite savvy and clever about looking at the topics we address and during your keynote you mentioned issues around open access and the the establishment or that we're trying to establish university repositories for open content. What are the issues around that that you're working on at the moment? Well I think it's very much about the different there are different ways there has been many discussions in Europe around what does it mean open access and we've got all sorts of questions about whether this is a green you have a green route to open access which is the one that would be in favour of the repositories but that sometimes is very difficult to implement because researchers like to publish in obviously in good journals and so forth and then you have the gold route of open access which is the one which is in a way causing difficulties in the sense that it means that the publishers we have to pay the publishers to have our bundles of publications but at the same time the researcher has to pay to publish so there are all sorts of issues around that and we try to work with our universities to make sure that they know all these things that they're able to build their own strategies it's not going to be the same strategy in every single university but so as long as they have the information to to work out how they want to go about it as there are some very radical examples whereby rectus have just decided everything goes into the repository and there's no and unless the researchers are willing to do that there's no no promotion possibilities etc etc so there are some universities that do that but that's probably the minority what what if that became more mainstream what if every university decided to do that what would happen to the publishing industry i think that's very unlikely to to happen i think that was it was a it's it's been an aspiration and many many university people and university leaders would like to see it but it's i'm not sure it's really realistic i think you know there has to be we have to really rethink this whole discussion of of the role what's the role of the publishers or how do we how do we find an equitable system at the end that allows universities to publish and allows the publishers to to at least to continue their journals but not making perhaps as much money out of it as they do at the moment and it's difficult because we have to get therefore we have to have we have to sort of manage to or try to bring a bring together our european association so that they can come together and look at it at european and take a more european stance and then we could have a discussion then with the publishers we are looking at the digitisation of higher education i think this is something that you plainly made clear in your keynote and a lot of people are aware of the the pressures on on academics to adopt more technology in the classroom or in the lecture theater or wherever it is that we teach these days um now clearly the problems with that are that lots of academics or not lots but many academics resist the use of new technologies how how can we actually encourage more teachers and more lecturers to actually incorporate technology into the learning environment i would say in a way it's a bigger issue it's about the change in universities in many countries and probably the uk has gone a bit further than the others and in understanding that as a lecturer you're not there just to provide information to your students but actually you're working with your students and that it's a profession that needs perhaps to be looked at considered evaluated monitored as as many others but there are very little tradition in a lot of continental systems even of looking at quality assurance and development so we've been actually we are we have a big project at the moment that's looking at trying to improve the pedagogical skills of of teachers and that's a very delicate thing because it means different things in different countries but some of the first results from from the surveys on that is that it is beginning to help and i think the minute you get a culture of support and development of of university teachers lecturers professors then they're going that makes sense to them then will it obviously include the digital elements and the hope is that this will develop over time and that will be also a european discussion on this topic i mean in the uk of course we've been working a little bit with the hea on this project the higher education academy that has a long experience in this area not just digital but more generally i think it is a bigger issue so the issue involves not just the technology but maybe a change in pedagogy which is you intimated yes i think it's it's more about thinking what what does students graduates need in future what's the role of the teacher what's the role of the student and what do graduates need in the future i mean this is a question i think that we all need to to kind of discover the answers to and i think we're still finding out aren't we i'm still crying yes listy wilson thank you very much