 Hello guys, good morning and today we are going to discuss a very important topic of organic chemistry and that is general organic chemistry which we also call it as GOC right. Guys GOC general organic chemistry is a very important topic to understand the whole organic chemistry right. This the concept that we discuss here in this chapter this concept we are going to apply almost all the chapter in organic chemistry right. So all these concepts are very important for you to understand as far as any competitive exam is concerned whether it is J-A-Nate or any other you know regional exams right engineering entrance or medical entrance examination to understand GOC general organic chemistry I will just first of all I will just write down one example and we will try to understand few characteristics over there right. So first of all the example we are going to write here is CH3, CH2, CH2, CH2, CL okay. If you see the IOPAC name of this compound it is deutyl chloride it is deutyl chloride right. At first carbon we have but we are not concerned with the IOPAC name of this compound. Now you see all these carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized correct carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized so there is no electronegativity difference between these two carbon atoms or these two carbon atoms or these two carbon atoms. There is no electronegativity difference as far as the hybridization is concerned right but what happens here between this carbon and chlorine atom okay. Now we know that the electronegativity of chlorine electronegativity of chlorine is more than to that of carbon right so when the electronegativity of chlorine is more so it will drag this bond pair of electron towards its side okay and what happens the sigma bond or this bond pair sigma bond pair is slightly shifted towards the chlorine atom and in this way what happens will have partial negative charge on this chlorine and this carbon will have then partial positive charge because the electron is now slightly shifted towards the chlorine or the more electronegatives atom right. Now when this carbon has positive charge so this will also attract this bond pair of electron towards this side and this carbon also becomes slightly positive charge but this positive charge is lesser than this positive charge here partial positive charge here right why so because the because of this charge it is slightly electron deficient right but as compared to this chlorine this is not that much electron deficient right or we can say the electronegativity of this will increase a bit but that electronegativity is lesser than to that of chlorine right that is why it will attract the bond pair of electron towards this side but not to that extent on which this chlorine atom is attracting right so like this what happens as we go away from this more electronegative element the parts the positive charge characteristics will keep on decreasing right this element is the more electronegative element we have here so what happens in this molecule actually we are not doing anything into it we have just taken butyl chloride and this this kind of charge or characteristics will be there in the molecule right we are not doing anything into it now what happens with this what we say that the sigma bond pair or bond pair of electron is slightly shifted towards the more electronegative atom in any compounds where we have the electronegativity difference right this kind of observation is not there in case of ethane or propane or butane why because both this carbon atom having same electronegativity so the bond pair of electron will be exactly at the center of these two nucleus of the these two carbon atoms correct so that is the thing we have now this kind of electron shifting takes place in organic molecule wherever we have what electronegativity difference right so in this chapter organic chemistry we are going to discuss all those effects through which the shifting of electron takes place from one point to another point okay now the coming back to this thing here this kind of shifting or shifting of sigma electron this comes under an electronic effects which we call it as inductive effect inductive effect now like this inductive effect we have another electronic effects also like resonance mesomeric effect okay mesomeric effect actually comes under resonance only then we have hyper conjugation and we have electromagnetic effect so basically we are going to discuss all these four effects in this chapter and how this effects will affect the properties of this molecule or ion okay and in the reaction we also get various reaction intermediates like carbocation carbon ion free radical etc okay carbines nitrenes etc benzyne okay so because of these electronic effects whether it is inductive effect resonance electromagnetic effect hyper conjugation whatever it is how the stability of reaction intermediates get affected right and also we'll discuss the acetic and basic nature of a compound depending on the electronic effects right so that is what we have to do in this chapter right shifting of electron that is nothing but electronic shifting various electronic effects we have to discuss and then the application of those effects what kind of application stability of intermediates as an acidic as this basic nature of the molecule right so this kind of you know concept or questions you will see in all the organic portion right and then you have to apply whether you are doing carboxylic acid or you are doing alcohol phenol ether or you are doing you know aldehyde ketone we have to apply these electronic effects over there right so in resonance also there is one more thing that is aromaticity that we'll discuss which also gives a very you know fair bit of idea that how the molecule is forming in a particular reaction aromaticity we'll discuss that that is because of resonance only okay so all these things we are going to discuss in this particular chapter which is goc so we'll start with the first electronic effects here that is inductive effect okay so guys today in this session we are going to discuss about inductive effect okay so like i said suppose if i take the example of one small example i take ch3 ch2 cl right so what happens in this molecule that we have already discussed this in introduction part that this loading atom will drag this one pair of electron towards its side because it is more electronegative because it is more electronegative okay but at the same time if i write down if i write down any other example so basically this molecule or this particular group has electron withdrawing tendency you can write down this electron withdrawing tendency this is one you know one kind of effect we have okay now if i write down this molecule suppose the another example if i take it is ch3 c double bond o ch3 okay so here what happens again this oxygen atom has electron withdrawing tendency because of its because of its electronegativity nature okay and at the same time this methyl group has tendency to donate the electron pair towards the carbonyl carbon group which is c double bond o here so i have given you two different examples here in first example one atom is electron withdrawing and these two atoms are electron releasing group here group here electron releasing group okay so this particular groups are electron releasing and this is electron withdrawing so we have two different types of you know atoms or groups we have here which one has electron withdrawing tendency and other one has electron releasing tendency okay so in this kind of in this these are the two ways in inductive effect through which the shifting of sigma electrons takes place in any organic molecule okay all these effects we are discussing under the various electronic effects electronic effects when i say it means what are those with different different effects through which the electron shifts from one point to another point okay so now you see here this kind of effect whether the electrons gets withdrawn from the molecule it comes under minus i effect okay and electron releasing tendency if you have it comes under plus i okay this is very important point we have here plus i effect and minus i effect now so what we can say inductive effect can classify it into