 Hello, everyone. I'm Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on Sanjay Gupta Tech School So this is day 10 of cyber security bootcamp, and I have Sumit with me. So welcome Sumit on the channel So Sumit will be explaining further topics today and maybe some hands-on so over to you Sumit and Let's start with a session Welcome again on the cyber security bootcamp day 10. My name is Sumijan and I'm delivering you to the Basics of cyber security how these things works how you can build a carrier in cyber security So if you want to know about me, my name is Sumijan and I'm an ethical hacker and cyber security expert Currently working as a SNAC red team and pentabug red team I'm working also in Jito networks as a position of senior security specialist I have 10 plus years experience in this field Previously I'm working as a guest instructor at the central detective training school and right now I'm helping students freshers and professionals to build their carrier in cyber security domains and various domains related to cyber security So if you want to follow or want to know more about the cyber security or related fields You need to follow the cyber security zone YouTube channel where I'm Creating and delivering some more contents related to the application security and network security as well You can follow Sanjay Gupta Tech School where I'm conducting this cyber security bootcamp Please share a review or feedback about how we are able to deliver some of the things You can connect me to these block platforms as well. I'm available only LinkedIn and Twitter or telegram The important links is also available in video description. So go check that out and raise a hand and Ping me if you want to follow So today we want We work with we learn about how to operate Linux OS So basically when we do things on cyber security, we need a different OS Right now you are using Microsoft based OS, which is called Windows But for security purpose because we need to install some security tools or we need to use some of the scripts written in Python or go language So we need a different operating system and to do the task we use Linux based operating system So land what is Linux? So Linux is a community of open source operating systems that are based on Linux kernel It was initially released by Linus Torvalds in 1991 It is free and open source operating system You can modify the source code and distribute it to anyone commercially or non commercially under the GNU public License so Linux was basically created to for personal use for personal computers But now we are using Linux on servers mainframe computers super computers and Linux is also used in the some of the routers automation controls televisions digital video recorders video games console Smartwatches the X and the other things as well the biggest success of Linux is When Linux is launched with the Android so Android is also a operating system, which is based on Linux So it is based on the Linux kernel that are running on smart smartphones and tablets So due to the Android Linux These Linux or distribute distribution system will cover all the world and Right now we are using different different. We have different different Linux distribution like reddit launched Rhel Kali launch Kali Linux and For the parrot launch parrot OS backbox OS arch Linux So we have different different Linux distributions for our purposes around 600 plus Linux distributions are available in the market So some of the most popular Linux distributions are reddit Rhel by reddit Kali Linux by Kali parrot by parrot and Backbox Fedora arch Linux open susan Ubuntu sent us these are the main Linux based operating system because Linux is Free and open source so anyone can modify it and distribute it So we need to Install a operating system, which is based on Linux So for the security purpose, we are using Kali Linux operating system And to do that if you want to install in your One to your windows based operating system. You need a software Basically, we are doing a virtualization from your computer So we need a virtualization software. The software name is Vmware workstation What this software will do This will create a virtual machine on your computer. So See you are using a windows based operating system. Let's suppose you are using windows 11 this is deployed on your hardware and You want to deploy a other another operating system onto your window. So we use this Vmware So this Vmware what will what this do This is your operating system So we create we install a Vmware onto your machine We have it is a software and then we can install other operating systems in the Vmware workstation We have any we have more than 10 other virtual machine softwares like Oracle launched virtual box UTM launch UTM for Apple based products and we have Vmware fusion We have a Vmware horizon clients. We have hypervisor from Microsoft So we have different different virtualization softwares, but right now we are using Vmware So you need to install Vmware and as you can see you need to search on Google Vmware workstation so this will You need to navigate to this website and download the virtualization software Here you can find the Vmware workstation 17 pro for windows And if you are using a Linux distribution, if you are using already a Linux distribution You can download the workstation for the Linux distribution as well So you need to download it and then install it after the installation. We need we need Our ISO image for our Linux distribution for this. I'm going to the website of Kali official website. This is the Kali official website. Kali is a company name and it launched a Linux based Operating system named Kali Linux. So what is Kali Linux? Kali Linux is a open source Linux distribution Towards various information security tasks such as penetration testing security research Computer forensics and reverse engineering. So using this operating system We can do all the tasks related to cyber security computer forensics So it have already various tools in the operating system So we don't need to install further But we need to install the operating system in our Vmware. So you need to go to the download and Then choose your installer image. So if you are using Vmware, here is some Vmware image. You can find This is the Vmware image. You need to download it If you are downloading if you are using virtual box, then you need to download this and if you are camo, you need to download this so Also, Vmware also have some small distribution for weekly updates So you can download these also But right now you can download this after download after your download is complete you need to import this file in the Vmware workstation. So you need to open it on Vmware workstation and then click on open So let me show you how this works. So this is my virtualization software I'm using Apple based products. So I'm using UTM But if you are using Microsoft Windows or any other hardware like if you are using HP laptops or a Dell laptop You need to install Vmware. Here you can find a upload section And you can click on virtualize you are in your Vmware workstation. You have find Three options one is create a virtual machine and the second one is open a virtual machine click on open virtual machine and then Select the Kali Linux image you downloaded So you need to select the image you downloaded for Kali Linux distribution and then click okay Then after the okay, you need to start this virtual machine after the after the starting process is complete You need to put an ID and password. So you can see Here is the ID and password This type of thing will appear in your dashboard. You need to type an ID password So what is the ID of our password of Kali Linux distribution? The ID name is Kali and the password is also Kali So you need to put on Kali and Kali and then login. So this is our Linux distribution where we can do our task We can Run our scripts. We can use some of the tools related to Kali related to security. So you can see Here are multiple tools for multiple purposes like information gathering We have different different tools for DNS analysis for live post identification For network and port scanners ocean analysis route analysis SMB SMTP SNMP These are all the codes and we have some more tools like nmap, recon, hyphen, ng in spider food If you go this vulnerability analysis, we have some fuzzing tools We have Nectar. We have nmap and web application analysis We have SQL map, the blue piece cap and skip face comics Database for database purpose. We have SQL map, SQL lenser for password based attacks We have some of the tools like crunch, hash cat, jonda ripper, medusa, ncrack, ophcrack and also wordlist For the Wi-Fi level security We have aircrack, ng, fern, wi-fi crack, kismet, pixie, wps, river, wi-fi So these are the tools that will crack your wi-fi So when we are going to launch wi-fi attacks, we need to use these tools and For reverse engineering purposes, we have plank and ASM shell for exploitation tool We have SQL map, sub-sploit, SEM toolkit, msf payload creator, msf framework Crack, map, execute, force sniffing and spoofing purposes We have MITM proxy, Responder, Vyashak So Vyashak will capture all the packets that will float in your traffic For post exploitation purpose, we have Weevely, PowerShell, Mimikas, Avel, WinRM For forensics, if you want to read forensics, we have some of the tools Like autopsy, binwap, bulk extractor, SD For reporting tools, we have some Faraday start, RecordMind X2 And we have SSE, social engineering toolkit as well And we have some other tools and Scripts in our Kalilinix for the security purpose or paratiscent testing But we need to understand how Linux system will operate So you need to learn some of the few commands, some of the basic commands That you need to operate this type of distribution, this type of operating system So in Linux operating system, all the commands run on a black box called terminal So here is the terminal and you can run all the commands here The command you give in your Windows based operating system You have CMD for that purpose But in Linux, in Linux distribution system, we have terminal Where we will execute all the commands related to the task we want to do So first command we have is PWD So what this command will do, this command will show Now PWD means Present Working Directory So after the end, you see this is my present working directory This is the path where I am currently working and executing my commands So PWD is used to display the location of current working directory For the current working directory, you need to type PWD These are all the basic commands for Linux terminal So if you are using some of the other Linux distribution Like Parrot, Backbox, Ubuntu and RHEL, the commands will be the same So these commands are running on the Linux terminal So all the Linux distribution, these commands will do the same task As this command will do in our Kali Linux So you need to learn and memorize these commands Because these are some of the basic commands you need To operate some of the operating system that is based on Linux So PWD will display all the current directory you are working Now if you want to list all the files in our current directory Like in Windows operating system, you have folders And in folder you have some files Like some of text files, some of document files, PDF files But in our Linux operating system you have a directory And if you want to list what the content in the directory You need to execute the LS command So LS means list And this command is used to display the list of content in the directory So what is my current directory right now? My current directory is slash home slash Kali This is my current directory path So if I want to display all the content in this directory I need to execute LS command LS means list And after the end up you can see these are all the files I have in my current directory So if you want to clear the terminal So you use clear So clear is used for clear the terminal If you are using multiple commands If your terminal is filled out So you need to clear the terminal So use clear command Clear command will clear all the terminal commands You executed previously Now in Linux operating system If you want to create a directory So you need a command like mkdir mkdir means make directory mk is for make and dir is for directory If you want to create a folder Basically a folder a directory in our Linux operating system You need to execute a command mkdir And then give the folder name The folder or the directory name you want to create Like right now I'm creating a folder named a directory named cyber So when I click this ever I enter A cyber named directory will be created Let's check if this directory is created or not So this directory will create on the my current working directory And what is my current working directory My current working directory is home slash calling So I need to check if this folder or this directory Will create it or not So I need to use the ls command And in ls command you can see the cyber is created The cyber is created So a folder or a directory is created Now if I want to go to I want to go and I want to read this directory or this folder So you need to execute cd cd is for change directory Change directory if you want to change your directory If you want to change your directory From current directory to another directory You need to use cd cd is for change directory And then type the directory name you want to go Now here I'm giving cyber So as you can see I'm in the cyber directory So cd basically will take you on to the another directory So right now I'm in the cyber directory And now if you execute pwd present working directory So it will show you this part So now you are in the home slash calling slash cyber Right so cd is for change directory Now if I want to list the content in the cyber directory Because this directory is empty So if I execute ls command nothing will be displayed Because there is no content in the cyber directory Now if you want to come back to the previous directory You need to execute change directory cd And then dot dot slash Dot dot slash will take you back from one directory So this means you want to go back from one directory And then when you execute you see I'm Coming back on to the our previous directory Now you will execute pwd So here is the home slash calling So cd dot dot slash will help you to go back Or to switch directories If you want to go back If you want to like if I create multiple directories Like in cyber Right now I'm in the cyber directory And here I'm creating another directory Like cyber one And then you can see Here is one more directory will be created So I need to go to this directory Cyber one So you can see the path will changed And now if I do ls there will be no content to display So if I want to I execute this cd dot dot slash There is one only one directory back So I need to use cd dot dot slash one more time To go back to our main directory So dot dot slash means you want to go one directory back Let's move again to the our directory This is my cyber directory and then I want to go cyber one You can use the cd command for completely This command will take you back all from the previous directory Not one directory back all the directories back So if I execute this You directly forwarded to your main directory So you can use the cd command as well And this command will take you back to your main directory Now if you want to remove a directory like here You want to remove this You want to remove this directory You need to execute a command Which is called rmdir rm means remove and dir means directory So if you want to remove cyber one You need to execute rmdir And then give the directory name So here my directory name is cyber one And then when you enter This directory will be removed If I execute ls As you can see there is no directory present in our Current directory This cyber one directory Directory will be deleted So rmdir command will used to delete the content Delete the directory If you have a directory If you want to delete a directory you use rmdir Now if you want to create a blank file If you want to create a blank file You need touch Touch command is used to create Empty files And if you want to create an empty files Give the file name like demo.txt There is no content in this file And if you execute this A demo.txt file will be created Let's see this file is created or not ls If you do ls You can see demo.txt is created Now if you want to read the content inside a file You need to execute a command Called cat Cat for cat Using the cat command You can read the content of a file So if I giving here demo.txt You can see there is nothing to display Because this file This empty file will be created So touch command will use to create an empty file And cat command is used to display the content of a file So if I want to show you Using cat I am opening some of other files Like you see This is a text file and I have some data related to twitter So there is the data Here is the all the data Which have in this file Twitter, url.txt So cat is used to display the content in a file And if you want to create some If you want to Upput some data inside a file Cat is also used to create a file Display the content a file So using cat We can create Use this And then give the file name Like demo.txt And then put the data This is demo file So this data will be saved in our demo.txt For saving purpose You need to press control plus d Press control plus d to save the file And to display the file we can use cat command So control plus d And then you will see your file will be saved And then use cat command to open the file So you can see this content will be displayed So cat is also used to create a file to display a file If you want to create a file And want to put some of the data in our text file For any other extension based format You need to use this special character And then give the file name Put your data inside a file And then press control plus d This will save your content into your given file name And if you want to display the content You need to use cat demo.txt And then your file content will be displayed Now if you want to remove a file Not a directory, a file So if I want to remove a directory I use rmdir But if you want to remove a file A text based file Or any extension based files Like some of the content So if I want to remove this demo file I need to use rm And then the file name So rm is for remove And you can see This demo file will be deleted So there is no demo file to display And you see There is no such file and directory So this demo file will be deleted So rm is used to delete the file Now if you want to copy some of the file And want to change the directory And change some of the data to another directory Like let's go back to this There is my directory I need to create one file So we use cat and then demo.txt And put some data Test data So this data will be created Use this with cat demo.txt And you see the content will be created Now if you want to copy this file Into your main directory Or any other directory You need to use cp command cp is for copy And then give the file name you want to copy So I want to copy this demo.txt And give the file path Where you want to copy the file So I'm giving slash com slash kali And then click enter Your file will be copied Now go back to your directory And check if the file is there or not So you can see The file is also present in our Present working directory slash com slash kali This is also called our home directory as well Now if you want to not copy But want to move your file Then you can use this command move So I want to move this file to our directory So give this file name And then the path Where you want to move your file So I'm giving slash com slash kali And then slash cyber So there is no file Let's see This file will move to our directory Let's check if the file is present or not So I'm going to the cd cyber My directory is changed Then can ls and our file So file is also moved with the help of mv command If you want to display your content of the file You can also use the head command Head command is used to display the content of the file But first 10 lines If you have a file that have a lengthy data in it But you want to display first 10 lines of a file You can use head command If I give here a file name You can see there is no lengthy data But you can see the our data Let's move to your main directory And open the twitter file These have multiple lines So it will display only 10 lines First 10 lines will be displayed With the use of head command So head command is used to display the content of the file It display only first 10 lines of a file Now the tail command Tail command is similar to head command The difference between the both command is that The head command will display only first 10 lines But the tail command will display the last 10 lines So if I open the same file You see these are all the last 10 lines in our file So head and tail command is used to display Last and first lines of a file Now see If this is our user But if you want to give all the files to super user privileges You need to use sudo sudo and then su sudo su command provide administrative access to your terminal And then you will go back You will go to the root Click enter It will ask your password Password is alil and then enter Now see you are in the root directory So root have all the administrative rights So if you want to modify some files or you want to use Or if you want to install some of the tools Which require root privileges So you need to type sudo su And then sudo su And give you a password And you will go to the root user If you want to come back To our kali user You need to type exit And then this command will take you to your kali user To your user So if you want to switch from root to user You need to put exit And if you want to switch from user to your root user You need to put sudo su There is one more command Like I want to Open this file But this is my file name And I want to Search something in this file So we use grab So grab command will Capture Or will cut Or will search the content in You are giving in via grab So let's give some word Like post So if post is available In this text file it will be displayed And you can see the post Is available in all the links I have in this file So it will be highlighted So using grab You can grab some of words, some files Some extension Some of the alphabets you give Using grab So grab will Search the word In your content And display the result So these are some common commands We use in our Linux operating system And after You need to practice on these commands Because these commands are necessary To learn or remember And to operate all the Linux distribution Moving further If you want to update your Linux distribution you need to Use the command apt-bad And then update This will update Your Linux distribution Click on enter and you will see Permission denied Because the update Command will require root privileges So we need to give them root privileges And then Next we need to execute this command So giving the root privileges You need to type sudo su And then here you can see I am in the root user Now if you type apt-get Update The updation will be started And your Linux distribution will be updated In few minutes So these commands are known as Update command Let's go back to our Kali user And clear the terminal Now If you want to see the IP address Of your terminal You need to put ifconfig Ifconfig This command will display The IP address of your machine So here you can see This is the IP address I have For my Linux distribution So this command will display The private IP of your operating system Ifconfig Now You need to install some Scripts and some of the Tools related to cyber security So we need to use python And go languages So python is already Pre-installed in our Kali So to install go For installing the go You need to use this command sudo apt install And then golang-go This will install the go language In your Linux distribution After the installation You are able to use The scripts Or softwares or tools That is required go language And are created using go So some of the tools we are using In our next sessions So we need to install Go language So you can check With the help of go version You see go is installed And the version is Displayed Let's see the command again sudo apt install And then golang-go But for installing this Command or to install go First you need to update Your Linux distribution So before using this command You need to use sudo apt hyphen get and then update After the update You are able to Install go language In your Linux distribution If you have some Questions or queries Regarding these commands In the cat section I think we don't have any questions So we can proceed further Okay Let's see So basically When you do Updations When you execute this command apt hyphen get Update Right now you will get an error Because there is some glitches in kali linux distribution So I want to give you a solution So you need to open Using a file called slash etc slash apt and slash resources This is the file Let's first see the file etc apt And then list So this is You need to change this file You need to make Some of the changes in this file So let's open this file Using vim So vim is used to Change or to write Something in the file or you want to If you want to edit the file So vim is an editor Let's open this file And here you can see In your file you see The URL is sttp colon slash sttp.cali.org So you need to change this To sttps And then after the changes Your updation command will work And your go Will install perfectly But if you are not doing the changes Your go will not install Because we have some problem in our Latest kali distribution So how to change this sttp To sttps You need to edit the file So while editing the file You need to press I Let's see again So You need to Put this And then press ESC And execute this colon wq and spr metamark Let's give this pseudo permission Now open the file cd slash ptc slash apk Open the file Sources And then Added the file using WIM WIM slash Sources Press I I is for insert If you want to insert something inside the file You need to press I after using the WIM And then insert S I already inserted S Because You see this Linked in your file So you need to change this to this You need to forward it to sttps And then press ESC Of your computer Escape button on in your computer And then put hyper wq And sclimate mark for quit So this command will quit the file And your file will be Updated Let's check again If our file is updated or not Here you can see This sttp will transfer to sttps And your apk Update command will work So you need to Make this slide changes in your This file apk slash Sources.list So guys These are some of the Basic commands in your Linux distribution So you need to practice and you need to Learn and remember all these basic commands Let's see how to Install some of the basic softwares In our Linux distribution So I want to install This script called Asset Finder I want to install This script named Sub Finder And these are Some of the scripts that will help To Discover the sub domains Of a domain So for Discovering the sub domains You need to use These scripts And to do that you need to Install these scripts So let's see how to install Let's go back to our Main terminal Let's clear the terminal And you need to enter You need to type Asset Finder Then hit enter When you hit enter Your Asset Finder will be installed Because The Asset Finder library or package Already have in Kali Linux So Asset Finder tool or script will be Installed automatically Upon typing Asset Finder And then hit enter Similarly you can install The sub Finder as well By typing the sub Finder and then hit enter Your sub Finder is also installed Using this So You need to install these two Scripts in your terminal In your Linux So then we can Find or discover all the sub domains Of a domain And tomorrow we Also install Some of the new tools To Grab URS or to Search sub domains How to scan ports Make files how to Run a scanner So you need to install GoFast And then we can install All other tools tomorrow So guys, you need to practice some of the basic commands To perfectly running Your hands on the Linux distribution So I already told you all the Basic commands Re-watch the video and practice On these Linux distributions So your hands Will You remember all the commands For further Classes Okay, so I think this is it for Today's session, right? Yes Okay guys, so We'll be doing one more session tomorrow And as Sumit told you Like he will be guiding you How to install some more softwares So thank you for joining today's session And practice whatever Sumit demonstrated and I think for cybersecurity Whatever Right now we are understanding is more important Along with the concepts That have done so far So continue All the session if you are cybersecurity Enthusiast Okay, thank you Sumit for sharing Your knowledge And giving your time To the audience And those who have joined live And those who are watching the recording Thank you so much for watching The sessions See you tomorrow, thank you everyone