 We turn now to Adam Davis, who is a physicist, received his degree from Case Western University and now teaches physics at Wayne State College. And he is going to speak about models of spirit matter, one of the great realms of speculation. Alan was referring to too, what is going on there? And is going to make an attempt at suggesting ways to approach this question of spirit matter and suggesting I believe that none of them are quite right. So Alan? Okay, so as was mentioned, my talk today is about spirit matter. And why spirit matter, well, as a young fellow, I came across a small little book called The Key to the Science of Theology. And it really started me thinking about a lot of these things. I already knew that I wanted to be a physicist, but it really put me into a position to think about this in a scientific light. And spirit matter is required by our theology, Latter-day Saint Theology, demands that the existence of spirit matter, it is not questionable. As was mentioned, there's the scripture that spirit matter is not immaterial. The spirit matter is material. And ultimately, we know very, very little about it. But if we are to be participants in advancing the human condition to what we might call divine, we must know something about spirit matter. If we don't know anything about spirit matter, all of our efforts will be necessarily inadequate. And so I decided to think a little bit more about this. Now, even though we don't know a whole lot, little isn't necessarily nothing. We have a little bit of ideas about bodies. We have a little bit of ideas about the concept of spirit worlds. We have some idea of whether or not where the spirit world is. And we have some idea that spirit world, or spirit matter, doesn't necessarily interact, at least it interacts readily with physical matter. And so these four concepts here give us a little bit of a starting point to talk about this idea of spirit matter. First, the idea that spirit bodies are phenotypically similar. That is, they look like us, okay? If we go to the brother Jared, he had a vision, and as described in the book of Ether, and he saw the savior in his premortal body. And he explicitly said, my body that you see now is gonna look just like I'm gonna look when I come down to earth in Bethlehem, okay? Partly, P. Pratt went a little bit farther, and he suggested that our physical body is almost a perfect mirror of the spirit body, that if we have an appendix in our physical body, our spirit body has an appendix. And so he went to a one-to-one correlation there. And then there are numerous, numerous accounts of people who've seen the other realm, and every description of people that they've seen is always, they look like people. They're not looking like something different. There's no cast revisions, as it were. The spirit world is another thing. Now we've seen, some of us have seen church videos and stuff, and they describe it in a nice white glowy place and stuff, but that's not the way that the spirit world is described in those that have seen it. The spirit world is something that is rich and looks like a world, and as Brother Lay mentioned, our physical world is patterned after the spirit world, okay? So the spirit world is something that is not white or ghostly, much like my slide might suggest, but it is colorful. There is air, or something that approximates air. There are animals, there are buildings. Visions have described buildings in the spirit world. So it's not just this amorphous cloud-like place where people are playing with harps. It is a place where people function, work, interact, and believe, and it's much more sophisticated than we've typically given credit. Okay, now we've got the concept of locality and the idea of non-interaction. When asked where the spirit world was, Brigham Young gave the idea that the spirit world is here, that it is not somewhere else. It's not on a distant star or a distant planet. The spirit world is actually here. And indeed, when we die, typically, those that have experienced some situations or they describe themselves as not going vast distances, but they're right there, okay? That when we die, that our spirit body leaves our physical body, but we haven't immediately transported anywhere. There also has to be the idea that there is some degree of communication between the spirit world and the physical world. We have a spirit body, and as Alma teaches us, when we die, we don't change personality. And if we're not changing personality, and if we're not losing our memories, somehow, what is occurring to our physical body, our memories and stuff has to be transferred to our spirit body, okay? So there has to be some degree of interaction, but on the other hand, if the spirit world is right here, by and large, there isn't any interaction. So we have this real delicate condition that we have to balance the ability to interact, but in most cases, there isn't interaction, okay? It's been often suggested that there may very well be spirits who are attending this conference and listening, but we don't see them. They're just, they're not something that interacts with us readily. So that puts us in a tricky situation. So how do we deal with this? Well, we try to come up with some models and see if they can fit the data that, the very little that we know. So I've come up with three models. The first is what I call the mirror model, and this is based largely off of the concept that the Parley P. Pratt proposed. And then there's another model that I wouldn't necessarily have thought of, but it has a great deal of appeal, and it may have promise. It's what I call the computational model. And then based off some of the problems, I try to fix some ideas about the mirror model, and I come up with what we call the phase model. Okay, so the mirror model. The mirror model basically asserts that spirit matter is like physical matter. Now, we're told that spirit matter's more pure, more fine, and in Parley P. Pratt's vision, spirit matter really isn't any different than physical matter at all, but that it is simply a more fundamental existence. Unfortunately, that doesn't quite work because with what we know about physical matter and what we know about how bodies assemble, the spirit matter, even if it's more fundamental, would have to diverge and assemble itself in a way. And so I'm gonna take this other path of assembly and call that spirit matter. And so we have atoms, we have forces, and everything that we might associate with physical matter has its analog in spirit matter. This is the first approximation that I'm gonna start with. And at that first approximation, everything will be basically the same, okay? Which is nice, that's what we saw earlier, we got spirit bodies, they look like physical bodies, they got the spirit world, they look like the physical world, that's all well and good. Additionally, we'll say that the spirit world is here, so we have our physical matter world, and then we have the spirit matter world, and they're just both right here co-local. And they're not interacting, there might be a third medium that allows the spirit matter and the physical matter to interact. Something that I'll talk about in my second presentation. And this is the nice picture. And this is the picture that I actually adopted when I first read The Key to the Science of Theology, and it held a great deal of appeal. Unfortunately, when I decided to probe it a little bit further, not everything decided to work out. One is the idea that we have to synchronize. That is, my spirit body is typically assumed to be here with my physical body, okay? I'm here with my physical body, my spirit body is right here with me. That is the generally assumed model. And then here I am driving down the road, talking about this with people, and I say, okay, I have a spirit body, my spirit matter body isn't interacting with the physical world, but it should, at first approximation, interact with the spirit world. Now if the spirit world is right there, and I'm driving down the road, and the road is clear and nice and empty, but there might be a spirit building there ahead of me. So I drive through with me, and the car, it goes through, it doesn't interact with the spirit matter at all, but what is my spirit body gonna do? What is its spirit matter gonna do? And if it's supposed to act just like physical matter acts, it's not supposed to go through the building. But that's obviously not what we see. So that's a little bit of a problem. Another problem that occurs is that the spirit world is supposed to be here with our physical world, and we have a nice orbit. And if you know anything about orbital mechanics, it has to be fairly precise, and even a little bit of deviation over time will cause that to come out of synchronization. And so how do you get that the spirit world is in the exact same orbit as our physical world? Well, it'd have to have precisely the same mass, and then the sun, which would have to have its own spirit sun, would have to be the same mass as the sun, and then they'd have to start off with all the same initial conditions. And even then, if you give everything right initially, any kind of deviation, a large asteroid coming through over time, that's going to create small, small deviations that will exaggerate, and we'll eventually have our spirit world and our physical world, and they'll not be in the same place. And that's a problem, okay? So, and it's not an easily problem. If you don't allow interaction between those two. Additionally, as I mentioned earlier, we have the idea that the spirit body is going to retain all of my physical body's memories when I die. And if we allow essentially no interaction, that becomes very difficult to accommodate. So, unfortunately, as much as I liked Brother Pratt's model, it has a few issues that, a few kinks that need to be worked out. So, one of the alternative routes that we can take is to say, okay, spirit matter, if we decide spirit matter is being different, things don't quite work out, let's assume that spirit matter is just like our ordinary physical matter, but that it creates a representational environment. A reality, but the reality is based off of information. And this is allowed because of recent developments we can conceive of it. We talk about virtual worlds. And there are some of you who might have engaged in various MMOs or Second Life or things like that, where we can actually exist in realities that are fundamentally distinct from the physical reality. But they're real, I mean, and it's nice. So, the idea is that spirit matter exists, but it assembles itself into information, and that that information becomes the perceptual reality of the spirit world. Okay, and so individuals, their spirit body is a collection of maybe electrons or some other kind of physical matter that we already know about, and it's bits and bytes and stuff are creating the information that allows our spirit body to exist. And so everybody will be themselves, and they'll have their spirit body, and so on. Now, but everybody has to interact. And so, you have all the individual spirit bodies, but you also have to have a server, as it were, that will be the spirit world. And that spirit world allows all the individual spirit bodies to interact. Okay, and this is nice. This solves all of the problems that I've mentioned so far. This eliminates all of the problems that are inherent in the mirror matter bottle. Say that 10 times fast. Okay, so that solves all of those problems, but it has its problems of its own, okay. This isn't one of those problems. Spirit matter will exist in space and time, but the entities, the informational entities, they are separate. They exist in a distinct space and time, with a distinct set of rules that are governed by the spirit world, okay. And so we'll have the electrons that are in genomes or something, somewhere, and they're assembled into the information, and they communicate, and then they create a world of its own. Okay, so what are some of the problems that occur with that? First, our physical body, which exists in the cosmos as we know it, has to be able to communicate with the spirit realm, okay. And that means that we have to have some kind of way of transmitting information. Now given what we understand about the body, the physical body, there is no mechanism of transmittance. We are not broadcasting radio waves. Actually, we are broadcasting radio waves, but it's purely thermal. We're not broadcasting information that we're aware of. We're not broadcasting microwave or anything of that nature. So we don't have any kind of physiological mechanism to communicate with the spirit world that we might pause it. And that becomes a little bit of a difficulty. Now, we could say that we're interacting or communicating with a different kind of matter and with a different kind of energy, but that eliminates some of the benefits of the entire idea behind the computational model where we're going to restrict ourselves to the, excuse me, to the physical matter that we're aware of now. Additionally, we have to deal with the problem of the server, okay, because if we're going to restrict ourselves to communication that accordance with the matter that we're aware of, we're limited by the speed of light. And we can't have the spirit world be off on the sun because if it's off on the sun, when I die it's gonna take 8.3 minutes before I'm aware of it and everybody else will be aware of it. And so that becomes a little bit of a problem. And one of the other problems, which is somewhat of an aesthetic problem, but is the problem of resolution. Now, I mean not resolution in the sense of conclusion, but the resolution in the idea of fineness of detail. Here I am in the spirit world and I want to feel the sand between my toes. Now, if you take one gram of sand, you're gonna have order the number of particles that are about the number of stars in the visible universe. Okay, some 10 to the 22nd particles. That is not something that we are computationally feasible to do. Now, it's not yet, not yet, but we can conceive that maybe we'll get that many that amount of information, which is several orders of magnitude above our petaflop capability. But when we come to that level, we're assembling more particles than to describe the number of particles that we exist. To say that again, if I wanna describe one electron, computationally, it's gonna take a heck of a lot more than one electron to describe that one electron. That makes any sense. And so what we're coming into is a situation where we're hugely imbalanced, that our information becomes inefficient to describe the physical world. So it's only not inefficient if our resolution is very gross, that is it's not a fine resolution. And that is not necessarily a hard opposition, but it's definitely an aesthetic opposition. This brings me to another aesthetic opposition, which some will like, some won't, but the computational model is basically a brain in the vat model. That idea that the spirit world is fundamentally distinct from our physical reality, it is a reality, but it is not based in here. So that will bother some, that won't bother the others, but it gives a little bit of an idea where people are going. Okay. So returning back, because my aesthetic preferences is against the computation model, I want to see if I can correct some of the mirror matter problems. And particularly I want to worry about the synchronization. I want the spirit world and the physical world to be in the same place. And I want that there are interactions between my spirit body and my physical body, but I also don't want my spirit body to interact with all the spirit world. We would be a little bit disturbed by the idea that if there are spirits right now with us, do they see your spirit body? And when I'm walking around, do we just see the spirit bodies floating around randomly in the spirit world? That's a little bit of a difficulty. So let's see if we can posit some ideas and go anywhere with that. To do that, we basically have to come up with four different phases, okay? We have the pure spirit matter phase, and those entities will interact with the spirit matter world much as I described in the first model. And then we have the pure physical matter, and that's what the atheists will like and believe, and that's what we see. And then we'll have the idea of coupled spirit matter and hybrid matter. So let's talk about those two. With coupled spirit matter, the physical body will subsume the spirit matter, okay? So the spirit matter ceases to readily interact with the spirit world, but will simply be a component, integrated component of the physical body or the physical matter. Okay, and then we're also given the idea that there'll be no interaction. Now the spirit world will have to be in a situation where it can interact with both. It will interact with both in this way, and if the spirit world and the physical world are the same world, then we don't have any problem with orbits or things like that. But it still has problems. The body is taken care of, memory is taken care of, but we have some problems with the hybrid model where we would have the spirit matter and the physical matter interacting in the same level. Suppose there's a spirit building over here, and I'm about to build a house and I want to dig a hole, and I dig a hole right under where that spirit building is built. What happens to that spirit building? If it's built on hybrid matter, then suddenly there's a hole in the building that has to collapse. And that's not exactly the situation that our data leads us to believe is existing. And so this also has some problems. Personally, I think it's a start that it will give us a clue as to where we're going, but that we have a lot of work yet to do. And so I look forward to interacting with people and probing some of these ideas. So we got to just keep looking. Fit the puzzle pieces and see if we can knock down some of the options that aren't viable. One of Joseph Smith's quotes says that by proving contraries, the truth is made manifest. So if we can eliminate all the stuff that doesn't work, that narrows our focus to what might work. And so that's what I encourage us to do. And thank you.