 ԿՏՀլ ալաճգս գսութ, բտղսկյս դվմ էդտմ այդս հսզ ողելի, բ էջժէ հյս այդժոկմ Սբագսպըպս. Էընէ՝ի խռարպոդ սխոն մը Դմագ տմ, հգս ոլ ամ այմ ղոգը չկիմ հրս այդին. üllors  보는 ն최pur Palace � ˜  engagant more ən ɦ Mechan 된 ɦ ɪ impresson Omir ˜ ˡ ˜ ᴜᵏᵇUA ᵄ, ᵈ ᵃᵍeffect, ᵗᵏᵃᵔolve,  мат Tae  delegates happiness 300 of regular  ʁ zhɑgɔl ʋzeili ʁ zɑv ts ongoing ʋiz ʁ qɐnda qʃi ʁ ujameli ʂɪmi ʔmi ʔsib ʔm ʔa mɪ mək ʔm ʔi dʒɪnwəm ʍɪm ʔi ʕək ʔi dʒi sələ ʋi ʓa mɪm ʔi wəlʔ mʔi ʔi dʒɪnwəm ʔi ʔm wəlʔ ʔi ʔi dʒɪm ʔi wəlʔ mək ʔi wəlʔ mək ʔi wəlʔ ʂ They are worth canonizing for their far-sighted leadership in driving the gender-sensitized meritocracy agenda. One other monarch to recognize this is King Mosheh, the founder of the Basu nation. If he had his way, his daughter Senati would have been king, but his desires could not pass the patriarchal advisory council. The path to social, economic and political justice is paved with many such obstructive advisory types of council. Even the legacy of King George of gender equality could not be sustained. These obstructions frame my response to this report on measuring the information society 2014. I have thus framed my response as the total amount of statistics, communications, technology and power challenges of the post-2015 agenda. It even gives me greater pleasure to address an organization that is almost 150 years old. The ITU itself having been established in 1865. It's here in between the International Statistics Institute, ISI, to which I belong, had a delayed birth. Born 20 years later in 1885, it has ever proven to mature much faster with 59 well congresses under its belt since its birth, compared to 12 of WTIS. Very few associations have had the resilience to survive this long as they speak and communicate truth to power. My rendition is about the total amount of the triumvirate of statistics, communication, technology and power. I have framed the total amount through the metaphor of the sculpture of Asukid's chisel-holding hand engraved at the Svetiskoveli Basilica in Cheta. Legend has it that Asukid's scientific architectural designs at Svetiskoveli Basilica in Cheta won him rough at the highest level. It cost him his right hand. The sculpture of his chisel-holding hand is a reminder of how his unprecedented artistic and scientific architectural design and construction is said to have challenged the power of his patron and teacher who influenced King George to have his right hand chopped off. The external northen wall has an inscription that reads, the hand of Asukid's slave of God may forgiveness be his. To the east, another inscription reads, may forgiveness be his. To the east, another inscription reads, this holy church was built by the hand of Dyer Richard VII, Asukid's. May your soul rest in peace, O master. Galileo Galilei in his grave knows the consequences of speaking truth to power. It cost him his life. The dynamic and consequences of results of scientific inquiry, the communication, the wrath of to power, the appropriation and deployment by communities of practice reflect the struggle of society as it changes its production relations, the structure of its productive forces and how it gives rise to a new socio-economic and political form. The total amount of statistics, communication, technology and power is brought about by the irresistible affinity of living organisms to be prey to conflict of interest. Napoleon de Bonaparte was said to be a key user of statistics as a management tool. Laplace, the prime mover of Bayesian theory lived in Napoleon's palace, but then Napoleon used statistics by and large as an exclusive weapon for leadership rather than a public good. The dilemma then was whether the plebiscite had a say in their own affairs or they relied and depended on benevolent dictatorship. Napoleon through the revolutionary, revolution introduced a more warrior like France and led to French demise spread by the failed invasion of Russia. However, on the positive side, Napoleon managed to abolish self-dom and slavery and introduced the metric system that has made our measurement so efficient today. The height of the crisis of the total amount of statistics, communication, technology and power displays itself in the 20th and 21st century through the crash of the stock exchange and war. The two world wars and the cold war just marked the extent to which temporarily and spatially statistics, information technology, resource and power asymmetries are capable of plunging the world into a crisis. The dot-com bubble was just a feature of how communication technology generated an exaggerated view of itself and aspect of the tetralem. The more recent 2008 financial crisis that led to the economy of the world to an abyss just demonstrated how vulnerable the interconnected world can be and that the obfuscation of statistics driven by corporate greed largely in the United States and Europe collapsed the world. The log of harmony in statistics, communication, technology and power in the modern world is what undermines an information society. The so-called Arab Spring was characterized by heightened disjuncture and tetralem across the centrifugal forces of statistics, information technology and power. The measuring the information society reports by itself mirrors these social struggles and gives a spatial and temporal narrative of their theatrics. The report problematizes the characteristics of an information society by providing the schematic contours country by country and region by region. In this detail, the report certainly frames the fundamental postulate of the imagined and yet metamorphising political economy of an information society. It silently poses profound questions of why societies and communities differ in value creation and value appropriation of information technology. It presents vital statistics of who are going to be as to information technology as well as who are emerging as harmonious information societies and by the same token reflects the flip side of who are representing a deformed strata of information society. It lays bare the facts about uneven development and podcasts this phenomena unambiguously to power and for power to know. It does brings out the skeleton of these tetralem of statistics, communication, technology and power out of its comfortable place. The report causes society to engage in uncomfortable and disruptive discussions and questioning. This is so especially in the light of socially desirable utopia promise propounded by the Secretary General of the United Nations of leaving no one behind. Put in sustainable development at the core, growing economies for jobs and creating just and accountable societies. These desirable states espoused by the Secretary General of the United Nations of the post 2015 agenda drives the tetralem of statistics, communication, technology and power for which the report is the gunpowder. The report propels data revolution to take the center stage of an information society. The report points to Denmark as a country that has appropriated the virtues of information and communications technology the most. In fact, six Scandinavian countries feature in the top ten on IDI use. This prominent Scandinavian record, however, compares less favorably when we consider ICT development index, skill sub-index where only two of the Scandinavian countries feature in the top ten and Denmark coming in at position 12. In this regard, the report points to Greece in the first slot of skill sub-index. It is difficult to absorb this fact given the economy and social strife that is raking Greece at the moment. But there is another pig country that ranks this high. Spain comes up ninth ahead of Iceland, the second only Scandinavian country to Finland in this aspect of measurement. Another source of information completing this report is the Human Development Index, the HDI of the United Nations Development Program. Quoting Confucius, the report says, in a country well governed, poverty is something to be ashamed of. In a country badly governed, wealth is something to be ashamed of. This quotation provides the synthesis of these two reports. In the HDI, the Scandinavian countries are doing very well and the only feature letting them down is that the gross national income per capita is moderate, except no way probably spared by oil incomes. The Republic of Korea featuring a second on the IDI also has a modern, a modest GNI per capita. Taken as a group, the Scandinavian countries have displayed a long history of strong values of social democracy and human solidarity with sustained underlying statistics, technology and accountability based systems of power. Their common thread with Korea is one of an developmental state and Korea's variant arises out of a bigger struggle of just over half a century ago. The solidarity of Korea and its pride of defeating adversity in just half a century and advancing the notion of development partnership remains the most recent beacon of hope that an information society is possible as witnessed in the long established tradition by Scandinavian countries. It is possible that the total amount of statistics, communication, technology and power can be tamed and an information society where the need to and the ability of knowing remain an unmitigated default position delivering statistics through communication technology and power shared leadership. The total amount of statistics, communication, technology and power can and should be solved. A society where human solidarity and sustained development in statistical based communications, technology driven and power shared in lead is within our reach. It is a society where Asukis should have been rewarded for building a magnificent Svetiq Koveli basilka in Katra instead of his hand being chopped off based on superstition, jealousy, lies and ignorance. Galileo Galilei would have been a laureate for his scientific discovery of the sun being the center of the universe instead of being guillotine for blasphemy against God. King George and King Mushers would not have to be disturbed in their eternal sleep in the knowledge that they assured to the world a meritorious society devoid of gender discrimination. The information society report 2014 provides the crucial jewels of knowledge and understanding of the fundamental principles that give birth and meaning to an information society. It shows where it works, how it works and why it works. It provides for us an injunction by Confucius that a society well governed should be ashamed of poverty, a society that is badly governed should be ashamed of wealth. It is for society to read the report and find out so that sustainable livelihoods can be successfully led and the promise of the post 2015 Agenda of Sustainable Development can be delivered. Thank you very much. Thank you very much Mr. Pali for this very interesting perspective and also provocative because it brings a more philosophical dimension and historical dimension when we look at data and analysis and also from a sociology perspective I would say that you give us a very critical length to look at those data and see how we can interpret the ranking and the indicators and even the goals that are set for by international organizations. And I was listening your speech, I was recalling some few authors that argued that technology should be a tool for inclusion, social and digital inclusion, but it may be exclude groups of people. So I think that what you are saying is very important for us, not only data producers but also policy makers to better or critically understand the data that we are producing. So thank you very much. And I wonder if you have, since we had a very provocative and insightful speech, if you have some immediate questions, I would like to listen one or two from the floor. Okay, so we leave it for the end of the four presentations and now we are going to listen from experts that produced those information. And I would like to listen from the first speaker some introduction to the measure information reports, the recent information society trends, emerging measure issues, a general overview of this report. What's it all about? And for that, I would like to start with Ms. Susan Tautcher, who is the head of ICD data and statistics division, and in a sequence, since it's a whole report, I would like to ask Susan that invite the following speakers as soon as you finish yours. And in the sequence, we are going to listen Esperanza, Mike Pantai, who is the senior statistician at the ICD data and statistics division at ITU BDT. Then the following speaker will be Mr. Ivan Vallejo, analyst at the ICD data and statistics division at ITU. And to wrap up this more comprehensive understanding of the content of the report, Mr. Vanessa Gray, who is a senior analyst at ICD data and statistics division at ITU BDT. So, Susan, you have the floor. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much, Alex. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. It's a pleasure for me to start this presentation of our latest report. Before that, I would also like to sincerely thank our guest speaker, Mr. Legola, for his very inspiring keynote speech and for the unique presentation that puts the measuring information society report in a broader societal and historical perspective, which I think is very well placed in the discussions that we are having these days and especially at the symposium in terms of the information society. So, we are now going to the more facts and figures that are presented in the report and some of our main findings. If we could please also get the screens here for the PowerPoints. And what we are going to do is I will start to give you a short introduction to the report, highlight some of the main broader trends, and then we are going to cover the different chapters of the report and present to you some of the main findings of those. By now, I think you all had a chance to actually look at the report if you still need copies. I think we have some outside, at least the executive summaries are left. So, you can also use that and afterwards we are very happy to have a discussion with you on this. This is the first time we are actually presenting the report in more detail, especially to this audience. We thought since you are our main data providers, you may want to participate in a discussion on the analysis that is being done with the data that you provide and have some ideas and suggestions on those. Okay, it's up here. Let me just check if we have... So, this is just the outline of the report. You have probably seen that, which starts with an overview of the latest trends, and then it goes into the ICT Development Index. And this year actually we have two chapters on that. We have a global overview of the analysis of the ICT Development Index and then also a regional analysis. Since the report is also launched in the different regions at the same time as globally. And so there is a lot of interest in looking at the regional results. Then we have a chapter on the pricing of ICT services and different kinds of analysis that have been done on that. And then we have a special chapter on big data. We are presenting different parts of the report this morning between myself and the other team members. You can find the report also online for download and we are finishing the translation of the executive summary, which will be shortly available in all the six languages also online. Okay, let me start with a few statistical highlights, but we don't have it coming up now. So the podium can also look at the slides. So just to highlight a few main findings of the report, we talked about mobile broadband throughout this symposium, which is driving ICT growth, especially in developing countries. And in the last five years, the figures show that penetration has increased from 9 to 32 percent. So that's a very steep growth and especially in Africa, which has over 40 percent growth in the past year, which is very high, of course, starting from lower levels, but still this is very encouraging result. Nevertheless, there are major differences between the penetration rates in developing and developed countries with 21 percent in developing countries compared to 84 percent penetration in developed countries. And the different technologies are driving the growth of mobile broadband in those regions. In terms of internet access, there are now about 44 percent of households with internet access at home, and this growth over the past year is also being driven in the developing countries with 40 percent growth as against 4 percent in developed countries. And internet users doubled in five years and nowadays two-thirds live in developing countries. Globally, there are around 40 percent of the population using the internet and 45 percent if we exclude China and India. Now, there is some slowdown in some of the indicators. Mobile cellular penetration is at a 10-year low of 2.6 percent, where the markets are now reaching saturation with almost 7 billion subscriptions worldwide, but also fixed broadband, which was a little bit surprising in our findings. The rates, growth rates have also dropped to 6 percent in developing countries, although penetration rates remain relatively low as well with 6 percent. In the developed countries, on the other hand, fixed broadband is now reaching mature levels at around 27 percent penetration. The digital divide is a continuous topic that we are trying to highlight in the report, and especially this year we have pointed to a number of issues that need attention, even though we have almost ubiquitous mobile cellular coverage, there are still 450 million people that live in an area where there is no access to mobile services. In the least developed countries fixed broadband penetration is below 1 percent, and we have highlighted the rural-urban divides throughout the entire report with respect to almost all of the indicators, mobile broadband coverage, households with internet enterprises connected to ICTs, schools connected to ICTs. There remain significant differences between rural and urban areas, and 4.3 billion people are not yet using the internet. I think you have heard this figure several times this past two days. Another area of interest that we are looking at and monitoring is international internet bandwidth, which indeed climbed very sharply over the past decade, especially the developing countries share increased from 9 percent in 2004 to almost 30 percent in 2013. But if you look at the lower chart, you can see the purple color, which is dominating the international internet bandwidth, and that is Europe that accounts for more percent and 50 percent of the world's total, compared with Africa's share of less than 1 percent. So these are also very important issues to be addressed. We also provide latest figures on investment and revenue trends in the telecommunication sector in the report, and we found these data go actually back to 2012, because financial data usually have some lag in terms of the reporting. So total telecommunication revenues have stagnated at around 1.8, 1.9 trillion U.S. dollars, which corresponds to 2.7 percent of world GDP, and in developed countries the sector returned to negative growth, which we have already observed before following the financial crisis, and in developing countries there is however an increase of 4 percent over the past year, or in 2012, sorry. Global investment in telecommunication grew by 4 percent and are now around 300 billion U.S. dollars. In developing countries the share almost reached 40 percent, which is an all-time high value, accounting for 121 billion U.S. dollars. Before finishing, I would like to mention the new ITU Strategic Goals and Targets. We also have included them in Chapter 1 of the report. For those of you who attended the ITU Plainly Potentary Conference last month, and in fact earlier this month I should say, in Busan in Korea you may be familiar with the Connect 2020 Agenda and a new resolution that was passed by member states. And this Connect 2020 Agenda defines four global ICT goals for ITU and its members, and they come with measurable targets and indicators, and the resolution also calls upon the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau to report regularly on progress in the measuring information society report. So I would like to draw your attention to that. It's included in Chapter 1 because in the future we will be including progress on those goals in our annual report and we will of course base it on the data we are getting from you. So the first goal is about growth, enable and foster access to and increased use of telecommunication ICT. The second one is about inclusiveness to bridge the digital divide and provide broadband for all. The third goal is about sustainability, manage challenges resulting from the telecommunication ICT development and the fourth is about innovation and partnership, lead improve and adapt to the changing ICT environment. And here are all the targets that come with each goal for your information. They are also included on page 28 of the full report if you would like to check them out. I would just like to highlight rather than going through each of them I would just like to highlight that they cover indicators that we collect regularly from through our surveys and questionnaires in terms of households with internet access internet users and affordability of ICTs so the price data will be included in the reporting on these goals for goal 1 and for goal 2. We are also looking at the trends or the situation in developed and least developed countries. There is also a target on gender equality in terms of internet users and there is a target measuring the coverage of rural population by broadband. So these indicators will be collected by ITU and we are going to report on those. As you can see there are also some goals and targets that come with indicators that we are currently not collecting from the statistical point of view such as cyber security, e-waste or greenhouse gas emissions. These will be topics that we will have to address in the future. Please have a look at those and maybe you want to discuss also in your own countries the data availability for some of these indicators and we may want to bring some of them and also in our expert groups if we need to define methodologies and indicators for the future measurement of those. So I invite you to take a look at that since there will be coming more on this in the future measuring the information society reports. With this I would like to hand over the floor to my colleague Esparanza Magpantai for the results of the ICT Development Index. Thank you. The highlights of the ICT Development Index we saw already on Monday some of the information related to the rankings but this morning I'm going to give you some information related to the different analysis that we did related to the different IDI values that we calculated. So the ICT Development Index is a global benchmarking tool that ranks countries according to the levels of their ICT developments. It includes 11 indicators covering 3 main areas ICT access, ICT use and ICT skills. This year's report or this year's analysis included 166 economies comparing data between 2012 and 2013. The analysis that we did on the IDI also look at regional analysis as well as analysis of digital divides. We have also looked at assessment of the relationship between several factors influencing ICT developments which includes geography and population size. We have also looked at the link between ICT developments as measured by the IDI and some of the MDG indicators that are included in the Millennium Development Goals. So the result of the ICT Development Index here we can see the top 10 that we have awarded on Monday led by Denmark and followed by Korea. The rest of the countries are coming from Europe while we had an additional economy coming from Asia which is the Hong Kong China. All of these countries that are included in the top 10 share a common characteristics. Mainly there are countries with high level of income. They share a common competitive market so they have very competitive markets and they have skilled populations that make use of ICTs effectively. They have also governments that formulated policies and effectively implemented them and they have achieved these ICT targets that helped them drive their national information economies. However, there are still a number of countries that are not benefitting from the good things that ICTs can bring and in this analysis we have group countries according to their IDI levels. We group them into four categories high, medium, upper and low and these countries that are in low group which is also called the list connected countries there are 42 of them they are home to 2.5 billion people and these are the countries that have very low levels of ICT access and use. So policies for these countries needs to be made so that the people who are living in these countries can benefit to what ICTs can bring. We have also looked at the dynamic countries. These are the countries that have improved and increased more in comparison to other countries. We have looked at them in terms of their increase in the overall IDI ranking in the ICT access ranking and the ICT use ranking. So these countries have improved and the most dynamic of them is the use sub index more than the access sub index and this dynamic increase was due to an indicator which is the wireless broadband indicator and mainly on mobile broadband indicator. So you can see from here UAE for example, Fiji, Kabberde and Thailand have improved on the overall IDI ranking while for the use for example Thailand and Fiji have made remarkably very high increases in terms of their use sub index. We have also looked at regional analysis and we can see from this chart that Europe, CIS and America all have IDI values that are above the world average which is now for this year's report is 4.8 the value of the index. However, the IDI values in Asia and the Pacific Arab states and Africa still lie below the world average and in particular if you can see from this chart Africa is the lowest which is almost less than a third of that of Europe. So you can see that there is still a lot of differences between the regions of the world in terms of their ICT developments. We have also looked at the comparison of the global ranking and the regional ranking and we have shown in this chart the five top countries in every region and if you check the first, the second column coming from Europe the countries that are on top in that region are also the countries on top in the IDI global ranking. If you go to the right of the table you can see from Africa the global ranking if you compare the differences So we have also looked at the different factors that influence ICT developments in countries. We have looked at and analyzed the size of the population, the population density, the income which is measured by GNI per capita as well as the percentage of population living in urban areas. So we made the correlation analysis between these indicators and the IDI values and since IDI as earlier mentioned is highly correlated with the income of the country we had made an additional analysis to control for the effects of the GNI per capita on the IDI values. So we made a partial correlation analysis and based on this analysis we found out that the only indicator that makes difference in terms of IDI or ICT achievements is the percentage of the population living in urban areas. The indicators and the population size, population density and geographic size of the country does not have a direct relationship on the level of IDI values. So for example if a country has a small or high population size or a small or big geographic size it doesn't have really a relationship with the size of the IDI value. So the differences between countries really vary and there's no general link between those indicators and the IDI values that we calculated. So the only one that has made really a strong relationship, a strong correlation is the percentage of population living in urban areas. The last analysis that we did is to look at the relationship between the different indicators included in the MDGs that are currently monitored and the IDI values. So what we found is that there's a strong relationship between the IDI and several MDG indicators. So out of the 38 MDG indicators where we have sufficient data to compare with IDI values that we calculated 20 of them showed significant relationship with the IDI. And in particular what we found is that there's a strong negative correlation between poverty, the reduction of poverty between health indicators. So for example there's a negative correlation between IDI values and maternal health and child mortality for example. So the higher the IDI values the lower the values of maternal mortality and child mortality. Of course this is just a starting point. This is not necessarily giving us a picture on the impact of ICTs on these different areas of MDGs but it gives us a starting point to do further analysis in terms of the possible impact that ICTs could have on the different MDGs that we are currently looking at. So with that I'm going to start the presentation and I'm passing the floor to my colleague to give you information on the ICT prices and the role of competition. Thank you very much. Good morning. So I will be presenting chapter 4 of the MAS report in which we present and analyze ITU data on ICT prices this year with a special focus on the role of competition in shaping prices. Before I start presenting the results I see presenting prices in general and that throughout the MAS report we use three different ways of expressing them. First in terms of US dollars second in terms of PPP dollars third as a percentage of GNI per capita. In this particular presentation I will only show the results of prices as a percentage of GNI per capita because this is the metric that closely relates to affordability. Since this is our focus I will show just this data also in the report. So starting with fixed broadband prices we observe that prices continue to decrease and at the same time entry level speeds are increasing. If you look at the chart at the top right hand side you will see that the decreasing prices in fixed broadband prices is mainly driven by developing countries and in which we have observed that there has been between 2008 and 2012 a decrease of 20% on average in fixed broadband prices per year. We also note that from 2012 to 2013 the prices, the decreasing prices has slowed down so they only decreased by 4%. As to entry level fixed broadband speeds you can see in the chart at the bottom right hand side if you look at the red bar the most common entry level fixed broadband speed in 2008 was 256 kilobits per second now at the end of 2013 we moved to one megabit per second as the most common speed. Also in there you can observe comparing the green and the blue bars that there exist still differences between entry level fixed broadband speeds in developing countries being much higher in developed countries. Despite all these reduction in prices that we observe still a fixed broadband plan costs more than 5% of GNI per capita in most developing countries. Why we use this 5% of GNI per capita as a reference to consider whether a given plan is affordable or not that's the target set by the broadband commission for digital development to be achieved by 2015. So below that threshold fixed broadband prices are considered more or less affordable above that threshold or not. So whether we stand now in terms of these 5% of GNI per capita fixed broadband prices correspond to 26% on average of GNI per capita in the developing world and this compares to 1.5% in the developed world. So you can see that there's a large difference and in the developing world we are still far from reaching that target that's set Also we know that major differences persist across regions in the affordability of fixed broadband plans. If you look at the table that's at the bottom of the slide you will see that average prices for example in Europe, CIS and Arab states fall below the 5% of GNI per capita threshold whereas in the Americas, Asia and the Pacific and particularly Africa they are well above. Also if you compare the minimum maximum and also you look at the standard deviation you will see that large differences exist in the affordability of fixed broadband prices within regions. Advancing to mobile broadband prices first thing that we highlight in the report is that the number of developing countries offering mobile broadband plans has increased by 20%. So this does not just mean that more counties are launching but also that countries are making available more types of mobile broadband plans for example some countries started by launching just computer based and now they also offer handset based or just start by post paid then offer prepaid etc. If you look at the actual prices in terms of as a percentage of GNI per capita you will see looking at the red bar in the chart at the right hand side that the types of plans still mobile broadband prices represent more than 5% of GNI per capita and again we observe here differences in terms of affordability of mobile broadband between develop and developing countries being the prices in developing countries 6 times more affordable than in developing countries at least. Despite what I just said on the still not so affordable mobile broadband prices mobile broadband is cheaper than fixed broadband in many countries that's already the case now for example that's particularly the case in Africa if you look at the chart at the top right hand side you will see the comparison of fixed and mobile broadband prices in Africa the purple bar shows where mobile broadband is cheaper than fixed broadband and we found that in almost half of the countries in Africa mobile broadband is more than cheaper than fixed broadband per month so if you consider the income levels of the region then US dollars up and down may actually make the difference between it being affordable or not at the same time though we observe that there are again major regional differences in the affordability of mobile broadband prices if you see the chart at the bottom left hand side you will see particularly in the green bar that Africa prices in Africa despite if you remember that they represent much more for fixed broadband they still are well above all other regions representing between 15 and 20 percent of GNI per capita this year's MAS report featured a special analysis on the affordability of broadband services in view of income inequalities this goes a little along the lines of what Mr. Sanu said the first day tried to show the human face behind the figures we were speaking before about macro figures, GNI per capita etc here what we are looking like is more like at household level how much for a family would that cost and within a country do all families for all families is it the same or are there differences for this analysis we have used data on household disposable income and expenditure which comes from household surveys these data reflect peoples economic welfare so it has the advantage that all the part private sector etc is left out so we really have there the income or expenditure at family level and also it provides insights into the differences in affordability within countries because data are disaggregated per the sales so we can see not just an aggregate value for the country but also for the differences within in the two charts at the bottom and we are showing some how income is distributed in some example countries if income is equally distributed you would see a diagonal line the more the line slope the more income inequalities or equally income is distributed within the country so for example in the charts you see that in Sweden income is more equally distributed than in the United States and in Vietnam household expenditure is more equally distributed than in South Africa so we will illustrate some examples that income distribution varies depending on the country and within countries we present in the report an analysis of affordability in view of income distribution for fixed broadband mobile broadband and also what I will be presenting here for the sake of time mobile broadband at individual level so these charts show that household income inequalities greatly influence the affordability of mobile broadband I will try to explain a little more these charts in the two of them we are presenting prepaid handset based mobile broadband prices and then as a percentage of on the chart the left hand side household disposable income the chart at the right hand side household expenditure these are two different measures of household economic levels they are used expenditure is used mostly in developing countries because incomes are fluctuated more and are more difficult to collect income is usually collected more in the developed countries but they are both two measures of household economic well-being so if you look at the bars the purple bar shows the percentage of the population for which the price of mobile broadband represents less than 5% of equalized income on the right hand side the same but for equalized household expenditure so that means that all that part of the population the purple bar is the part of the population for which mobile broadband is rather affordable then as you progress to the other colors you would have at the other end the green bars which is the part of the population for which mobile broadband represents more than 20% of expenditure so that's the part of the population for which really mobile broadband is an affordable so you will see the differences across countries but if you observe also the bars for a given country, differences within the country for example if we take the left hand side chart and we look at Salvador, Paraguay, Mexico, Bolivia, Colombia or Honduras you will see that for the richest mobile broadband represents less than 5% of individual income on the other hand for the poorest 20% of the population it represents more than 20% of their individual income so we see there that actually income distribution matters in terms of affordability also in these years MA has reported we feature an quantitative assessment of the impact of competition and regulation on ICT prices so if we take the left hand side chart we will be able to compare the difference for example due to the conditions when the statistics are ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ ։ Three oceans and looped youth technologies and services have been emerged. Therefore, we think that there is a great need for need to reflect that trend to tutor, or mids. And our question is we would like to know how the key will include those new trend or technologies for meds. Thank you. Be good data be. coy good example. Thank you very much. May I ask Susan to make general comments on these four questions, please? Okay, thank you very much and I really appreciate the questions and the interest in the report. I would like to just briefly address them first by Iran on the impact measurement. This is something that we have been discussing for a long time in the partnership. We need to further define what impact measurement could be. The way the index is currently defined is not about measuring impact, but it's measuring about progress, status and development on ICT. So the impact is something that in the conceptual framework that comes out of this process and we have designed the index in a way that we have included the skills component because that's important for effectively actually using ICTs, which then also improves impact. So there's a lot of discussion about impact and we have those also in the partnership. ICT skills, as you know, because you're part of the expert group, we are discussing that in the Acti and we will continue to discuss that jointly with our colleagues from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics. We are working on improving the ICT skills part and that is something that will be taken up in the expert group. On the investment effect of regulation, that is an interesting perspective. We will also look into that. We have used actually data from our colleagues in ITU who work on regulatory policies to do this analysis and we can also look into this aspect. On the digital natives, this was sort of a one-off measurement. We did last year, it has raised a lot of interest. So perhaps we will come back to this calculation in the future again and see how progress has been done on that. Then for Moldova, the price rankings not in different values. We do publish all of the values in the report, although not in a ranked order, which is correct. And as my colleague Ivan explained, because we are looking primarily into affordability, but we can certainly also look into having tables with other presenting the data in a different way annexed. In Indonesia about the methodology, in fact the methodology of the index has not changed much over the past years. So any changes in the methodology are actually also discussed with our expert group. So there haven't been a lot of changes in the methodology. The situation of landlocked countries, as we presented, there were a number of correlations we looked at in terms of different variables where we didn't find any particular correlation. We can also do that for the landlocked countries and see what the result for that would be. And then finally from Japan, you were referring to the report and not to the index, I understand, right? Okay, so yeah, we are trying to feature of course new developments and trends in the report every year. Like we did with big data, we also look at the new technologies that come up. And this is certainly on top of our priority for the measuring information society report. We are of course always happy for suggestions of topics that are of special interest from the member states. Thank you very much. Thank you Susan and thank you all the participants for your questions. I'm sure that we don't have more time to discussions and I will skip my closing remarks. But I have to tell you that when I was reading the report last Monday, I thought that Chapter 1, 2, 3 and 4 bring us very important global trends and very in-depth analysis based on the data that we have as a member states provided to ITU. So we are looking at the past to understand the future. But this time, this report on Chapter 5 especially brings important elements for us to make our brains to work to understand how as data producers we are going to use all this big data thing to complement other statistics. So we should go home and start to working with our brains to understand this challenge. And I also think that another very important issue this time is to think about global ICT goals based on the 2020 ITU strategic goals namely growth, inclusiveness, sustainability and innovation. So I think that we have a lot of inputs and insights to think forward. And this time, this report give us much work to do in terms of thinking about the future. So with that, I would like to pass the floor to Mr. Chair to close the session. Thank you very much. It was very interesting session. Thank you to panelists. Thank you to moderator. We have now a coffee break for half an hour and we will continue our next session. Next session will be this high level panel debate on the ICT development index. And please return to the room in half an hour at 11.20. Thank you very much.