 Sometimes din kasi, like, they say signal number 3 sa umaga, hula na mga bug-ear signs, but usually, pag dito na hapon diba, like, it becomes worse. So just to be safe with you at this day home. Syempre po, unayin ko yung safety namin. So mag-evacuate po kami agad. Lalo na po at nakamamatay talaga yung landslide. Evacuate, syempre. Kasi, syempre, mas isportalan naman talaga ang buwan. From vehicle po ako, so masyadong maraming bug-ear na tumatama sa amin. So, yun parang safety na rin para sa amin. Lalabos na lang po. Pupantapogad kami ng evacuation or parang safety na lang din para sa amin. Syempre pa-lilikas po kami kasi para sa amin. Mas, impor dati yung buhay kasi sa mga properties na masyrama niya ng landslide, impor dati yung buhay kami. Mga viewers, ito ulaid si Benny Pacheco, isang structural engineer at mga kasama kung ngayon. I'm Pichy Mendoza from the Department of Psychology. May the two-in from the Department of Arts Studies, College of Arts and Letters. Mark Sarko, a geotechnical engineer from the Institute of Civil Engineering. Of course, doy Rosetti sa College of Fine Arts. Ang ating pag-usapan ngayon, of course disaster risk pa-ren, pero hindi ba ang disaster risk hindi na naman yung mga hazard na maaring natural, maaring man-made. Hindi rin lang yung ating physical vulnerability, like kahinaan ng tao o kahinaan ng building. Pag-usapan naman natin ngayon yung psychological aspects, social aspects, dahil sabi nga kung masusukat yung mga building sa kayong mga lindol, paano naman yung pag-eramdam sa ka-reaction ng mga tao? May mga tenang tayo kanina, sabi nila, nakikinigba sila anong gagawin nila pag may warming. Tapansin nyo ba yung may sabing lalabas pa rin o hindi nalalabas kung may storm-warning tree? So, dyan papasok yung mga studies or mga kaalaman natin kung sa mga tao, paano naman sila, nag-assess ng risk? Kasi pag naring lig nila yun, i-internalize pa, tapos on the other side. So, we hear about risk assessment coming from the experts, like how much is the wind speed of a particular typhoon, how much rain will it pour down or what is the probability of a landslide within the next 12 hours, for example. But how do we, as people, as recipients of those warning systems, assess those messages? Because they are messages. So, we need to understand how do people themselves do risk assessment. So, napag-usapan natin last time, I think na-mention, yung meron tayong perceived risk as people. For example, you see dark clouds and Mark may be will say, oh, there's a storm coming soon. And may be, Doi will say, ay, salamat, hindi ma-init ngayon. So, iba-iba yung meaning na nabibigay sa atin, ang iba-iba yung environmental conditions. Nabangit yung meaning. Sa halip na tayong titingin sa sky o sa lupa, may mga scientists ginagawa yung for us, tapos mag-announce na lang na, oh, orange, rainfall warning, or storm signal number three, number, color. Ano kaya yung tingin nyo sa biswal na sining kong, effective kaya yung culturally yung sa sabihin tayo na, orange is okay, okay pa, pero red ang matindi. Mayroon na rin kasi tayong mga nakagawaian na mga kulay, katulod niya niyan sa traffic lights, na sinasabi na pagpula, ititigil ka. Pag ito ay yellow, ay proceed with caution, ay kang sa, kung verde, pwede yung tolu-tolu lang. Kaya nakonditionari natin tayo nito mga kulay na ito. At tingin ko, international naman ito, lingwahi. Kaya madali natin intindihin. Kung ano nga lang yung nakalapat na risk doon, el sinasabi lang natin na ito na ang huling tongtungan ng risk na ito, mga may sa sabihin natin na umalis ka na dyan o ikaw ay maalulunod, ano ba yung ibig sabihin ito? Kung baka ang tinitignan natin dyan eh, kung nakita natin na pinaka pula, ang pinaka dangerous kung baka, or most risky. Ano ba yun? Ano ba yung sa atin? Alimbau, storm signal 3 kung sa hangi naman, pero may, you have to go to the hospital to bring someone. Will you drive out? Kung emergency eh. So life na immediate yun, na kailangan yan na immediate attention. Kasi pag signal number three, maaring gumating mamay ang hapon, pero ngayon na yung emergency. Kung hindi hospital, magmamol ka pa rin? Hindi na magmamol, matutulog na lang ako. Kasi hindi naman yun, hindi naman yun higher. Oh, hindi naman. I mean, we don't have food in the house, it can wait. Yung ba kasi sabi nila, mag-de-decision lang sila, pag nasalabas na kung anong nangyayari. Kiting na dohing na akong talaga umoulan na. In fact, what happened to me, yung during millennial, I and another person had a meeting with someone from abroad. Pero may signal? May signal 4. And I think part of it was because we didn't really trust that there were many times. At that time. At that time, this was 2006. There were many times na signal 4. Wala namang nangyayari, so we went out. And then we got trapped into. May naminamiari talaga? Yes. Because how long after nakadoto o yung parang forecast, do you think? Actually, we were in the building and the building began to shake. So that's the only time we realized. And then they evacuated people to the lobby. It's only then that we realized that it was really a signal 4. So within several hours? Siguro within several hours. At 8 o'clock, it was still sunny. But then by 12 o'clock, the building was shaking and all of that due to the strong wind. Nawa days ba? Anong observation nyo? Mokabang na iintindihan na natin o anong publico yung ganong klasin ng warning na mayroon pa lang advanced time warning. Ano yun na na? Advanced lead time. In fact, I just found out that these warning colors for typhoons are not just about rainfall. They're also about a time period. So I found out from Dr. Legmay that he said, oh, that gives you 24 hours. That gives you 48 hours. And therefore, these warning signals are more complicated than I initially had thought they would be. And so those are nice things to know in relation to the messages that are used as warning signals. In other places, I know in New Zealand, for example, if they say there's going to be an earthquake, they tell you these are the signs, but they go further than that. But they will tell you what to do when you perceive those signs. Yun siguro yung nabangin kanilin ni Doi na baka maaaring magkulang, sinabihin na tayo maliwanag na red na yung pinakamatahas, o number four na yung pinakamatahas kung sawing. And yet, tinutuliba na pinapalala sa ating kung anong pwede yung mongyari kong di tayo makinil. Yun ang mahalaga sa yun. Para ma-assessed din nung makatanggap ng information kung paano siya gagalaw. So, limbawa signal number three, you have three hours. Ganon. 18. No, 18. 18, I see. Four is the closer, the larger, the bigger the number, the closer the the typhoon is already. Yes. Yes. At yung signal three yata, pinaka mahin ang signal within 36 or 48 hours yung frame, malayo pa alagwa, saka mahinal lang, banayad lang. So, may lakas ng hangin sa kamay tagal o bilis ng pagdating. And I think even the colored warning signals for or warning, for rainfall also have a time period in which you should expect a certain intensity of rain. Yun ang mahirap sa landslide, wala pa tayong nalalaman ganong gataliyado na warning para sa landslide. Sa earthquake minabanggit, gano kaya ka-effective yung earthquake warning system, yun na ay ibarin nyo? Yung earthquake warning system based on what I have discussed with geologists, is more difficult because you have very low frequencies of events. So yung pinatubo, if it just happened once in 500 years, how can you predict the next 10 years or the next 30 years? So, kulang yung sample size mo kung mag-a-talking about a study, to make a reliable estimate of when the next earthquake will happen. So, they have to like landslides, take a closer look at the peculiar characteristics just before the earthquake happened in the past. Mga short term na mga na. Short term. So, yun, it's hard enough to do the risk assessment for certain hazards. But it's harder for people to be able to know what to do based on the warning and then they translate it into their own context. So, yung perception natin ng risk may anong pa siyang katumbas acceptance of risk, as illustrated in the case of May. Kung may mas matimbang kong gagawin, you might take the risk ikang. So, hindi lang sasabihin sayo na, oh may typhoon. Dapat, meron din sasabihin sayo yung message na yun na, okay, this is what you're supposed to do. And if you don't do it, then the consequences will be extremely adverse. May siguro ngawing graphic. Pag may storm signal number four at nag-drive ka sa road, maaring li pa rin yung kochi mo. Sinur dapat di paliwaan na yung satin. Or baka hindi ka makabante faster than x kilometers per hour dahil katapat may yung hangin. Ano pa kaya, kung ano kaya magandang description, kung gulan naman, ano kaya magandang description pag gred, maaring, maaring lang pas tao na. Maaring lang pas tao, may inisabihin siguro, maaling malunod yung anak mo. Yung aso. Dating kung minsan, ay mas nag-react tayo nang hindi tayong at riskumde yung mahal na. Kung sino yung mahal natin sa buhay? There would be something like, the flood is so great that you shouldn't go into the flood because the currents may carry you away or something like that. Yon ng hinahanap natin para ma-assess natin kung acceptable ba yung consequence or willing to take the risk for that consequence. E kasi, sabi sa ating mga interview, sila magi-isip pa, dalawang tao, magkaibang kanilang gagawin ano, yung isa, tanggap nalang, hindi nag-agalaw sa bahay, yung isa mag-observe sa labas. Although well informed naman siya na, pwede-ing, after X hours, e talagang may mangyayari, so alert din naman. Meron ba kayong kilala na, hindi ninyuwala sa mga warning hanggang ngayon dahil may be dati, meron na false alarm? Meron bang gano'ng example? Onty-unty ano? Merami ako'ng kilala na gano'n. Merami kilala na gano'n. Merami ako'ng kilala na risk taker sa ganyan, pero ang nakikita ko dito, siguro may profiling din tayong dapat gawin. Personality. Para makita natin, ano ba yung gusto nila, na maaring masira o mawala? Maari siguro yung mahal niyong sasakit niya, sabihin mo e, masisira yung transmission ng kochi mo, yung sabahan ganyan. Kung ano impotanto sa kanyan, doong may translate yung warning, yun siguro. Okay, profile timing. So in mo maaring tumaob na yung sasakit mo, kasi maaring yung gator level lang yung water, pero ang lakas ng current, so maari kang tumaob. Correct. Or kung napakaabid gardener siya, sabihin mo, ba malulunod yung mga gumamela at roses? Ganong kadamin rainfall? Or malulunod yun, yung mga halaman mo sa dami. Para matranslate sa something close to the experience. Yes. Pero paang nakukulangan pa rin doon, ako sa mga code-code red na yun. Kasi yung bawa, talaga bang pagkacode red na, hindi ka alis ng bahay, e pa paano kung endangered ka doon sa loob ng bahay mo? Turan nangyari sa on-doy. So yung mapping pa rin, specific pa rin dapat talaga? Yun din, yun na kailangan sabihin na, hindi lang isang course of action. Sabihin yun, stay indoors. Yun katon pa lahat, yung indoor mo, yun yung liliparing ka agad. Yeah. Yeah. Or babahayin ka agad. Matatrap ka pala inside your house. So what do you do? Then take out your raft and go somewhere na. Nde ba? Arang ganon. Ilabas mo na yung banka mo sa garahe. Hindi, yung warning systems na yun, they help you prepare in the future for the possibility of this consequences. Pag sinabi, ito yung typhoon number four or color dread, dapat handa ka na, bago pa, magkaroon ng ganong typhoon warning. So, to higher ground. Yun, pwede hindi lang stay indoors ang hanguan. Pwede, if you can, move to higher ground. Ground, right side. Or if you can, secure your roof. Or park your car somewhere na hindi ma baka na. Makiti lang muna sa isang kamaga na muna sa mata. Or takpan ng mga balde, yung mga halaman para hindi malunod sa rain. So, yung ibang action, sa na, hindi ko na dindigin sa mga halimbawa na go broadcast sa team. Kasi nga, yung broadcast is again, ano, one size fits all. Hindi nababangit yung mga alternative action, sa yun, yun siguro yung kailangan. O, o. Itong, itong kasing isa patatanongin natin sa yun, tungkol naman sa fire. Paano naman kung yung hazard, walang ka-warning-warning? Like a fire. Like biglaan na fire. Mayba tayo. Kasi yung atabagusapan kanina, yung mga na mo monitor, typhoon, flood, storm. Although may smoke alarms tayo, no. Sa bagay, sa bagay. Pero may mga communities na wala. Wala, o. So, sa smoke alarm system, kasi they have already devised a gadget that can reactano by providing a warning bell or ringing bell. If there is so much smoke in the air. However, it doesn't really tell us parer what to do. You run away from where, because you don't know where the source of the fire is. May be, di ba? And the most common mistake is you go to the bathroom and you get trapped there, thinking the fire will kill you when in fact it's the smoke. And the bathroom is the best way to get all that smoke concentrated and will kill you immediately. Kaiba, may drill pag nakatining ng alarm bell ng fire. May drill ba kayong ginaagawa para malaman kung nung gagawin sa building natin? I would say at work, we do. There was a drill for that. So, I think in the Institute of Civil Engineering, we know where the exit doors are there. Exit. Yes. Yeah, first thing. And after mag exit, or knowing the exit, ano pa ba yung mga ibang actions pag kami fire alarm? Ano bang natraining natin? Kasi sa amin masano sa office ko, meron na kaming fire marshals, meron kaming mga assigned persons who will secure the important papers kasi ganoon yung nature ng... At meron din tao na maglilid dun sa ibang tao. Ako'n saan sila pupunta? To be safe evapway sa one area. Di ba gagawin nyan? Whether nakita mo na yung usok ko apoy, but anyway may alarm na... Execute mo na yung plan. Execute mo na yung plan, o. Sometimes falls alarm, but anyway you have to act. So, yung ibang building wala yat ang ganyto, kaya dapat natin gawin siguro, locally pinapractice din ano. Do we even have enough fire exits, you think? Ina assume kasi na may fire exits. Kaya may smoke alarm, sis. That it complies with... I'm still talking of houses na dikit-dikit. Na sa ganoon, na sa low area, na sa... Ito yung street tapos na dito sila. Hindi pa yan marivitch ng fire holes. Fire holes. Kaya may mga situation na kahit yung ganong short notice na alarm, hindi pa rin available, no? Nabilis kumarat siyang fire. Marami talagang level yung alarm sa ka-warning kung mabilisan o matagalan. Pero mabalik tayo din sa, pati ba yung language ng pag-alarma o pagbabawal, palagay natin, medyo sanay na tayo. Well, misan na rin ikaw sa radyo eh. Ano ba yung orange? Ano yung before orange? Yellow. Yellow. Oh, gatter level na yan. Okay, okay, okay. Ano, na sa waist deep na. Of course, kung ano yung waist deep, yung kung ganoon siya kato, anong waist. Palagay mo na... Palagay mo na average person. Oh, average person, waist deep. Pag sinasabing nandito na malapit na sa maglampas loob. Eh, lampas loob. Lampas tao. And then medyo o warning na talagay. So, nag-e-develop na no? Sinasabing rin mo na yan sa mga nabapanod ninyo. Okay, okay. Sa ating kayang campus, you think na papapropagate yung warning system? Alimbawa may warning system, may relay system pa tayo dito para... Or do we all depend sa mass media na? Sa mass media. Directly na ano? I think that that is something that we need to put in place, a warning system for the university or a protocol. Nadapat hindi confusing. Nadapat hindi confusing. Kasi sa police merong warning, merong lunch bell. That sounds like a bomb rage. I don't know. I want sa the visitor. And yes, we're visitors. Normally wonder what's happening. Well, you hear that. Yung universality ng symbol. Yung siren pala, sinasabi lang, ang lunch break 12 o'clock, akala nung hindi familiar, a warning for... Are you really panicked? But that's for them. It's so ingrained in them that this particular sound means you exit right away. Atawa kami ng tao. But then in the end, I thought of it, it's not funny because that means that particular sound, we are now using it because it's a leftover from the war. We use it for the lunch bell. And the five o'clock. Oh, nadapat hindi pala natin gawin. Kasi makokonfuse yung mga tao. And I think that's our problem with our warning systems is that they are confusing because there are other signs that we see that tell us otherwise. So, susabihin sa yong... Mami wala dopaso kasi ganito, orange, or typhoon signal number, sabihin ng nana, ah, sayang yung, ano, pumunta ka pa rin, ganoon, no? So, there's no one general response to a given warning signal. Tapat hindi. Tapat pag... yan yung warning signal, we expect a certain general response, no? And need to work on that. Yes, to reinforce it. So, how do you reinforce that? You need to be consistent whenever you provide that warning system. Hindi pwedeng at one, for one typhoon, ibang warning system yung gagamitin mo, no? Or, tama lang, na if it's another hazard, like a landslide, you use another warning system. Kasi pag parehong warning system gagamitin mo, that can be confusing as well. But I think the whole point is that you need to provide the cue for a certain behavior of safety to take place. Cultural, di ba? Behavior, culture. At I wonder to what extent matadagdagam pa ng science or even communication ang yung mga gaps na nakikita natin, no? Merong pa rin nagtanong sa aking namin sa ne sa lindol naman ano daw ang value na nagpocast? Pocast ang tawag nila, pero, or predicts, pero hindi naman talaga ganun ka direct yun, parang bagiyo, no? Kasi sabihin, maharig gumalaw ang West Valley Pult anytime now, ano daw ang value nung warning na yun? Ano sa palagayin nyo? Ibang-ibang time frame na nyo, ne? Yun? Ano sa palagayin nyo doon? It has no value from a psychological point of view. Because it's telling you that it may or it may not happen. And that's not a good message, di ba? So therefore the message should be that you have to prepare for an earthquake that can come at any time. And yung preparedness message more should be more nuanced to those people who are at greater risk. So yung mga malalapit sa West Valley Pult, katulad din nung recent discussion with some other psychologists, and they say, if you are on the West Valley Pult, that makes you at a high risk. But if you are in New Piediliman, for example, how much less risk is that? So sa, pag sinabi na, pag nandun ka sa malapit sa Pult, hindi pa rin clear yun, ne? Ano yung malapit? Ano yung malayo? Di ba? So when we say, oh you shouldn't buy property there because it's close to the West. How close is close and how far is far? So earthquakes, nga, hulang talaga. Earthquake kasi nang conti ang data nung malalaking earthquake. Kung baga sa probability ang hirap mong paniwalaan, sa ibang bansa, kagay nang japa na yun din ko, ang kanil ang paraan, sabihin, yung fault na ito sa gilid sa baba, south ng Tokyo, maa rin gumalaw 70% within the next 30 years. May ganoong silang attempt. How about that? You think it's more meaning? I think that is, because as long as you have a time frame to reckon with, you can also develop a plan for that, a plan of action for that, or not develop one at the moment, di ba? But it tells you what to do, di ba? To a certain extent, mayro na siyang sinasabi, oh you have 30 years or something like that. Pero sa atin kasi West Valley photo at any moment. At any moment, it doesn't scare you. Maaring mamaya. Yeah, it doesn't scare you. Hindi pa yun na pa nang, mayro pang ang flip side, yung may nakasabi na, dumadidinig ko yan, bala na. Oh, ganoong. Kasi hala naman tayong control eh. Kasi ang dating sa akin, nappaka uncertain, matindi pero uncertain kung kailan. Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh. Adon na, kung paano ba na atin masosul ba yung wog naman tayo lahat maging bala na, kasi inisipo rin as engineer, baka mayrong pa rin yung magagawa? What do you think? Na given that vague warning, hindi pa masyadong yung claro. It's probably time to assess, for instance, our structures and see how they can be made so. Hey, yung mga ganoon na prepare ko. Secure. Secure your... Secure, ya. Statues. Yeah, kung sabihan tayo na, niba pa nang masklaro, kung mga rin pwede mong gawin. Kung sabihan tayo na, paggumalao na, yung lakas na on, ay enough na yung mga third floor niyo nang mga laman, mga statue, or cabinet. Ay, yung sapo niya. So, it's secure na yung. So, it's secure na yung. Or, kung two-story ang bahay niyo, mga rin yung ground floor ay masira, yung kung ganoon, siguro mga kadobtong ng warning, kung mga masmakinig tayo nyo. That's the better warning, di ba? Is that it can happen, and you should prepare for that event. And translated to, how it may affect us. That's right. Kasi apokaliptik ka agade. There's so many people die. Parang, okay, so many people die. Pray. Na nun na lang. That you're not gonna die. So, ganoon niya. Parang, it will immobilize you. And you're right. It brings a attitude. Bahalan na. Kasi wala naman kaya yung sinasabiyan na kailan eh, di ba? Kasi puwaling gawin. Kasi mama yung hapon, or bukas, meron. Natutulog ka, meron. Ay, di talaga. Bahalan na, talaga. What do you want to say? Tamaka, tamangka. Hindi, hindi. Parang ganon. Ganyan ng buhay ng tao. Parang ganon. Bata, pitchy. How would you explain I had a case where I had a client was living in a village that was transected by the West Valley Fault. And when I pointed out that his house was, because there's a portion of this village and he said, oh no, that's three kilometers away or that's 10 kilometers away. He seemed to be engaging in denial. Why do you think people resort to this? Because it's easy to deny. Because you don't have data saying if you're within three kilometers, then you're going to get this possible, this risks are higher, et cetera, et cetera. Or if it were 10 kilometers, there's no risk. So he can say what he wants. There's no one who will say you're wrong or you're right, di ba? Kasi hindi klarong klarong. Kasi hindi klarong. Bakang asa ka niya in three kilometers. Oks na yun. Ang problema, yung talagang nakasit ka sa fold. Oto, yun lang hinihintay nilang sasabihin mo. Wala naman pala ako sa fold. He might even have been relieved. But, yun lang hinihintay. Speaking of scientists, ang bawa, sinabi ng geologist, seismologist, more or less dito yung linya. Nagkaron ng distance na three kilometers. Pero, how well do we know na may uncertainty yung pag-estimate na yun ng kunsaan na dumada ng fold? Or kahit bagyo, how sure are we sa track nung bagyo until binabantayan natin? So I wonder, antao ba, pinapaktorin ang ba yung, ay, alaki ng margin of error niyan? Do you think yun yun? And therefore, iignore nila pag makang malaki ng margin of error or therefore, bayang mo lang yan. Pwede, yun yung tinatawag namin na level of unknown risk. Level of unknown. So pag meron kang malaking unknown risk, usually ignore mo, iididanay mo. Kasi parang hindi claro sa yun. Ano talagay yung risk? Okay. Diba? Unlike when they say dreadful yung that dimension of dread in risk, when they tell you which is what I got from Dr. Lagmay, kaka rin ang state of calamity yan, na yung mga bahay talagang they will all fall fall down, the roofs will be torn off, ganon. Ay talagang dreadful risk yun. What else can you say? Ay, ay, pupunta pa rin kami. You cannot even say that anymore, di ba? Pero yung unknown risk, yun yung sinasabi na pwede, pwede yung hindi mangyare, kandin natin alam kailan mangyare, yun yung unknown. Okay. And it doesn't work to give people unknown risk messages because it's not a call for action. So importante pa rin even if hindi totally precise, itry pa rin kalkulahan ko an alam iyan ko ane yung risk para hindi abstract or unknown yung risk. And din mag-dideside pa rin versus perception and tolerance. Tolerance. What you can do is if you have not been able to come up with a message to predict an earthquake, you can just have a general message saying if an earthquake were to occur, this is what you do. As I said in other countries, they already have this, let's say when the earthquake takes place, wala silang warning na magkaka-earth. It just happens. There is a message that tells them you go to this place. Scenario. May scenario nang sila. If you're from this community, everyone will go to this evacuation area. And then they have all the medics there. So you think scenario making is a good warning practice? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Okay. So yun yung hindi lang magsabi ng lillindol. But paglumindol, gantong mangyayare, so ang gagawin natin ay ganoon. Right. May tanong pakodok, Peach, ay paano naman yung yung alam na, alam na natin, alam na natin na darating si Yolanda, pero ayaw pa rin bumunta sa evacuation center. Yeah, iba naman yun. Bakit? Yung tinatawag natin. Kasi may nangyari sa evacuation centers. Yung tinatawag natin, acceptable risk. So sa kanya, yung risk na malunod siya dun sa bahay o mabasa yung mga gamit nila, is more acceptable dan mahipuhipuwa yung asawa na o yung anak na sa evacuation center. Something else na dreadful on the other side. In other words, you're just telling this person, you leave this risk, but you go to this another risk. Iba, which is, and in your value system of risks, this one is something that is not acceptable. You can get your feet wet, but you can't have your, you know, your loved ones molested. Bina-balan siya talaga. Parang wake-up call na rin sa ating gobierno, lalo na sa local government level, na talagang bigyan ng serious thought yung evacuation centers, yung design noon, yung topography noon. Like mong muntaka nga sa evacuation center, nalunod ka rin. Kasi hindi na predict yung Yolanda na ganun pala yung yung palang surge would go kilometer after kilometer. Yung palang so called refuge, high risk then. High risk then. So, o-o, so, meron ding structural na problem. Or yung evacuation center that you're going to evacuate from a landslide, it's also landslide. At siya, yung main yung mga conditions kasi masyadong makeshift, magkasama sila. So really prone to dangers. Huwag na natin pagusapan yung mananakawan ka. And then you become more demoralized. I see shots of refuge evacuation centers where the people are just like, you know, parang katatonic. Katatonic na, na naginghintay na lang na. It's so dehumanizing. Bakit di ba pwede yung gawing mas empowering? So maybe that's why pag may signal, hindi enough sabihin na evacuate kasi dapat condensing na yung evacuation area ay acceptable. Acceptable. Yes. Acceptable. Plus maybe also for people with certain conditions that are what do you do with the or the pregnant? Yeah, the evacuation center does not have the same facilities as your house that really lives in consideration these things. Yung yung pregnant, yung mga I would also say pets, even pets. Because pets have parts of families. They always get left behind. That's not supposed to happen. Kasi yung trauma mo, di ba na malus mo yung pinakamamahan mo? Yung pala yung warning parang nangtrabaho na magulang hindi enough sabihin saanap mo na wag kang wag kang pumunta jyan, delikado jyan. Elangan, nigide mo pa rin. Right. Pumunta ka jyan, baka gano ang mangyari sa yung. And still, babantayan mo pa rin. The best example of how risk acceptance mo plays a role in the effects of disasters is in fire. When you see people going back in, into the fire, di ba? To save what? Lama, or yeah, I forgot my bag there. I have to get it, di ba? Or I have to run for my children or are still there. And you can see why just the perception of risk warning is not sufficient to make people behave in a safe manner. But that's our goals sa DRRM, di ba? Disaster risk reduction means you want them to behave safely so that the risk is reduced. And to be able to behave safely, you want them to fully understand. You want them to know their options or compare with their other risks. And you also minimize the risk elsewhere. Kasi baka lumipat lang. Kapit-kapit talaga mga trabao sa DRRM kaya hindi effective na don't hindi pwede, hindi warning nakamamatay. Oh, ay nakuala yun. Or stay home. Mahalaga na, kung ano yung binavalyo nila. Like you may even go back to a fire because you would like to save your laptop and do lahat yung information. Yeah. Your lecture for the poor lecture. Maybe naman siguro for nagtatap on the cloud. Alam mo na yung mga ganoon. So how to mitigate this di ba? Yung risk. Para less likely kang mapilitang kong may preparasyon ka. Or matutut ka pa pano i-defend sarili mo in risky situations. Scenario is scenario. Aro ka ng judo or something. Siguro sa mga klasi na atin sa iskwela isang drill yun na scenario acting. That's why it's drill how to swim. Important. Drills. Drills. And not just fire drills but evacuation drills in general. And you have to know the difference between a fire drill and earthquake drill. A shooting drill. A bomb drill. Iba-iba yung mga yun. But basic is that you have to make them go through it. That's why it's called the drill. Because otherwise it's just all these thoughts that are not connected with each other. But why? Why are they failures of drills? Because we're we're not doing it. We're doing it the wrong way. Well that too. Oh. Like yung I talk to V.C. Ernie Lopez and pat naman kayo nang fire drill tapos yung evacuation area yung A.S. parking lot. Correct. If they say nilakalos masagasaan yung kalahati ng mga taong kasi nag-evacuate yung students and faculty to the parking lot yung mga coaches sa parking lot gumagalaw pala. Nag-evacuate pala bas. Oh. O di nags masasaan. So hindi na design mag katatohan ng maganda yung drill. Oh. You also know medyo site-specific din dapat ng drills. Yeah. Hindi again Oh yeah, pin-aplano. Oh. Hindi generic. Pin-aplano. Apo, very specific yung pathways na da-dahanan nung a-nung team ano, nung staff. Napag-usapan nil lang yan. Pati yung panoy co-close yung drill masay in reality pagkatapos nang may nangyayari di ba? Meron din tayong psychological na question. Babalik na ba? Oh no, the end of the drill is that you tell you tell the base where you are. Because I went through the engineering college of engineering drill where they coordinated the different buildings of engineering including those in the science complex. So kasama nyo yung so drill na mag-report kung anong outcome. Oh, anasa na kayo. Yeah. At saka siguro ipa-access yung pilang galingan yung tinakasan kung tapos na situasyon kung pwede ng bumalik. Kasi baka hindi pa nangigbabagay yung risk. At all, if at all. Umerong pambabalikan. Pambabalikan. Kaya nga sabi, pabalik-balik tayo sa magandang mag-design ng mga warning pero hindi pa lang simple yung magsabi ka nang nakatakot ng sarita, matahas na numero o nakakatakot na kulay. Importante, ipadrill mo yung anong mingayari sa inyo kung hindi kayo susunod lagalaw. O kaya, anong mga mga options niyang pwede ng gawin at para mayuasan yung adverse na affecto. Para di pa lang na yung preparation with anything talagang dapat dahanan mo no kahit simulated para may internalize. Hindi pwede yung bahala na. So yung simulations are important because they lead nga to muscle. Literally muscle memory. Muscle memory. I think apakagadang apakagadang conceptional na muscle memory. Automatic na aral na yung gagawin. Like yung fire exits, yung unang drill namin at dahil matatanda yung staff ng office. Hindi sila makalabas ng gandana. Kasi may social ball na dabiliti, yung paritikular sa panel. Oh, entirely. Hindi nilakay. But that's one of my questions. Aren't drills supposed to identify what are the weaknesses or shortcomings in the protocol such that you could there's some sort of an assessment so that you can address these shortcomings. So the next drill, we said no more going through the fire escapes out of the window. Yung isa ding ang magkasha sa bintana. Iko correct may yung action. Oh. Okay. So it's not enough to say you can go through the window fire exits. It's di pala pwede. Kasi nanong pas could actually put our legs over dahano. Wala kang luluntagan ko. Wala nang dahanan. Hindi pala dinasayan yung plan para sa mga PPO. Yeah, exactly. Exactly. Which you only realize when you go through this drill. Through the drill. Yeah. Oh. And then you can say, ah hindi siya pwede pa lang team leader. Kasi aba nang panik yung team leader? Diapat ay yung personality. Siya pa yung kasi go to the single dogs. Na ula pa siya wala. Na taranta. Na parang ta. Oh. So you have to yung assignments na ganon. Ano mo na ay improve over several. Tukas like three drills actually. At first, you were just laughing laughing all the way. Ay yung ang duck cover and hold. Yung nasa garden. At pa kaya yung nakaganyan? Ay wala naman mga debris na pwede dito mahulok. Kasi napaka vast nung open area for us mo. So yun. It's a the muscle memory. Muscle memory. Yeah. Ha ha ha ha. Na remember. Pwede din na na. Na remember. Ha ha ha ha. Sa bagay na kata walang pero better to be laughed at than to die. But I think muscle memory is important so that there's some sense of something that's automatic that you don't have to think about it. And you don't have to think. Yes. Not not consciously. No. Mabalik ako dun sa nagbibigay na mga warning. Bakasya sila pang una na tataranta. Nabservahan nyo ba kong sinong mga typical na yung nagawang spokesperson na tega announce halimbawa ay sa bagyo o sa ulan o meron baka yung observasyon sa sa media. Mga mga sila yung mga high pitched na di ba? Paalo sila yung mga ah nan dito na kayo nyo. Paalo pa nga sila yung lalong nakakataranta. Dinadan sa tarantang. Dininadan sa tarantang. How about yung merong napalabas eh na talagang nag-effort na computer graphics para i-visualize paraang virtual reality? Ano yung impression yung sa mga ganong effort ganda silang model. Model na sa halip na sabihin sa salit ng nakakatakot pinakita. Nalampas na pala sa iyo pagagalang millimeters. Wag na lang yung diadangan lang sa voices. Asiparang sa radio yun yung yung remnant siguro na natin sa radio. Hindi describe lahat. Ay kailangan kasi exaggerate. Ay yung sa movie theaters di ba? Ibang mga yung di atyan yung mga I think the last one that I saw was yung parang mga relax sila lahat mga models going down the runway. Going down the runway. And the attempt there the message that they wanted to say because I talked to the advertisement agency and then they said kasi instead of saying stay calm ganunan bakita mo na pwede naman mag exit na calmado kayo. Right na, i-exaggerate nila yung paka-calmado. Parang runway models yung. Oh, runway models. Okay. Ang behavior ng tao talaga tricky. Kung kung mahirap before cast yung bagay o ulan aaralin mo rin kong paano mag-bebeheban tao. Dependirin siguro sa age. Dependirin sa iba pang ininasikasong concerns like going to the hospital or going to the office. Or retrieving a valuable. At ngayong napag-usapan natin ang mga speto ng disaster risk na psychological at social ano nga ba ulit ang mga tips natin sa ating viewers? For me, warning systems are getting better with the better technology and the more experience that we have. However, it will take much more to get the appropriate action from people. For me, I think we should start considering a psychosocial dimension to disaster risk reduction. We need to understand how people will respond to warning signals. Like experts, they also conduct risk assessments. However, these are in the form of perceived risks and acceptable risks which they have to balance in order to decide on a particular response. Mas gano naman ng warning signals sa napag-usapan natin. Ito naman ay hindi para sa mga experts, no? Ang kausap dito ay itong ating mga general public kung sino yung mga nanonood sa media. Kaya, inuusi sa dapat natin yung kanilang pag-ugaling kung ano yung mga bagay na kanilang mga gusto sa buhay, desires once. Dahil kailangan ito ay relatable, meaningful, mga understandable, kailangan ito na silamismo directa yung kausap because this is our public. Kaya, not for experts, ito ay para sa ating publics, different publics. Para naman sa edukasyon, para sa kultura. Ayung culture of safety, bi-sabihin hindi lamang ito pag may disaster na. Bahagi nung pagiging ligtas at nakahanda para sa kung anuman, bago pamangyari yung disaster, nag-ahanda na rin tayong lahat. Kung magulang tayo, inaaral na natin yung kung ano-ano yung ibat-ibang risks sa level ng sa mga anak natin, ita transfer natin sa mga anak natin at mag-i sa local level. Tapos kaya ako inaemphasize yung local level, kasi yung mga peligro, yung mga risks at yung mga disasters, may kanyakanyang aplikasyon at kanyakanyang condition. Alimbawa, yung mga households, yung mga sekwelahan, yung mga opisina, dapat lang na magkaroon ng regular drills na siryosong pina-plano para sa specific hazards, sa specific conditions nung opisina o nung family o nung lugar, at ito ay dapat dinagawang regular at siryoso, hindi pinag-tatawanan para maging parte na nang ating tinatawag na muscle memory para sa safety. Kung baga na internalize na sa level ng pang araw-araw na buhay, yung pag-appropriate response sa risks. And so, with that, we'd like to live with you this message. Ang warning signals ay dapat makahulgan, naingin tinan, at makasusundan.