 Good evening aspirants. Welcome to the Hindi news analysis by Shankara Ace Academy for the date 3rd June 2020. These are the list of news articles to form for today's analysis. It has been provided along with the page numbers of different editions of Hindi newspaper. The PDF for the handwritten notes and the time stamping for the displayed articles is provided in the description box below and it is also provided in the comment section. Let us move on to the first article discussion for today. The first discussion is based on this editorial article which is about how multilateralism should be in the new Cold War. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. See, multilateralism refers to the scenario where a decision in the world is not taken by just one or two countries. We can say that at the United Nations Security Council there exists some kind of multilateralism with just five permanent seats. As we know, this forum cannot represent all the countries that is more than 190 countries in the world. Next, if we take International Monetary Fund and World Bank, most of the manner of operation of these organizations were instituted as per the dictates of United States of America after the Second World War. Meanwhile, more than 120 countries got independence since the 1940s. But these new nations were not consulted in the institution of global frameworks. And after the World War II, two power centers of the world clashed indirectly with each other on the turfs of other countries. And these two power centers are USA and the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Both these nations used the turf of other countries to prove their military might. This is what we refer as Cold War. Now, in this juncture, most of the newly independent states neither aligned with USA nor aligned with Russia. They formed a collective called as non-aligned movement. And meanwhile, the Cold War almost came to an end in 1990 to 1991. As we know, it came to an end with the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Now, after this, at least till the end of first decade of 21st century, that is from 2001 to 2010, the world experienced unilateralism by USA. However, in the last decade, things are undergoing change with the rise of China, with the annexation of Crimea by Russia, etc. And in the last decade, if you see, non-military conflict can be seen very much between China and USA, where both are countering each other in almost every arena. We can literally sense this in respect of trade and technology. And every other day, we are discussing this aspect. And this is what author calls as the new Cold War, where the fight is mainly to prove their might in the trade and technology. And it is mainly between USA and China now. At this juncture, author states that since the fight is mainly about trade and technology, non-alignment becomes an uncertain option to which India is also a part. India also needs to benefit from trade and technology and we cannot stay aloof anymore. And more importantly, having technological superiority in artificial intelligence, cyber and space technology now determines national security also. So, now time has come for India to step in to steer a new multilateralism in the new Cold War scenario in the 21st century. This is what is called by the author as the Asian century. And the author calls India to craft a global triumvirate. When we say triumvirate, it means a group of three who are holding the power. So, author calls India to craft a global triumvirate. Meaning India should be one of the three powers that decide across political, economic and other issues in the world. And apart from India, the other two powers in the mind of author was USA and China. And both these countries want India to be their partner at some levels. For example, if we keep aside the standoffs between India and China, there is a scenario where China calls India to join to write a new chapter with a shared future for mankind. And on the other hand, if you take USA, it has made India a major defence partner in 2016. And amidst the pandemic, the Wall Street Journal has also argued that India is a natural US ally in the new Cold War. So, the next two-three years offer a good opportunity for India to craft the policy of global triumvirate. This is because of some of the important opportunities. One is that recently India was elected to the chair of executive board of WHO, that is the World Health Assembly. So, author feels that being in such a position, India can set the global response in terms of multilateralism. And this can be done not just in medical issues, but also in issues other than medical arena also. After this, in 2021, India will join the United Nations Security Council as its non-permanent member. And India will also chair the BRICS summit. Then in 2022, India is to host the G20. Additionally, India is visualised as a part of rise of Asia amidst pandemic and also in the post-COVID-19 world. So, if India uses these opportunities wisely with diplomacy, India can set multilateral response to many global issues. So, how this multilateralism has to be? Or what must be the characteristics of the multilateralism in the new Cold War scenario? This has to be like as outlined by the Indian Prime Minister during the online summit of non-aligned movement in May 2020. Our Prime Minister stated that new principles are needed for the international system. So, a new globalisation model has to be set up or practised based on the principles of humanity, fairness and equality. Now, based on these principles, there has to be an inclusive global order. This multilateralism has some tasks to achieve. One is that it should resolve the clash of values that shaped industrial revolution and also the values that is to shape the digital revolution. While industrial revolution benefited the colonialists, the digital revolution should benefit all, particularly the developing countries. Then, after this, this multilateralism steered by India should articulate a benign multilateralism which represents large parts of the world and it should bring different and divergent institutions into its fold. For example, it should bring both bricks and the G7 into its tent. Then, thirdly, it should define the world in terms of peaceful coexistence based on the non-interference in the internal affairs of others. And fourthly, it should bring new principles for trade. For example, it should reject the trade rules of world trade organisation that has created intellectual property monopolies. So, this multilateralism has to declare public health, crop research, renewable energy and batteries even artificial intelligence as global public goods. This is required so that special measures can always be taken for the welfare of mankind all over the world in these areas. And these special measures shall not be curtailed or restricted by intellectual property monopolies. So, by this, what is the benefit for India? India's steering such a multilateralism will be helpful for India and also to developing countries and least developing nations as it will help in bringing reforms in international financial institutions and these reforms will enable more democratic functioning of these institutions. Additionally, it will also play an important role in bringing reforms in the permanent membership of United Nations Security Council so that it will be expanded by including India. So, these are some of the important points with respect to this editorial. From this analysis, you should take note of how the present Cold War is different from the Cold War of 20th century. You should note how the new opportunities India has to set a multilateral response for global issues and you should also take note of what have to be the characteristics of the multilateralism which India has to set in the global arena. So, with this we come to the end of this editorial discussion. The respite practice question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next discussion, this news article mentions that the nomadic Changpa community is cut off from large parts of grazing pastures and this is because of Chinese intrusion along the line of actual control that is LAC. So, in this context, in this analysis, we will see about the Changpa community. First note that according to the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, the newly created Union Territory of Ladakh is predominantly a tribal region in the country and one of the tribal communities in this region is Changpa community and note that they are notified as Scheduled Tribes as per the Constitution Jammu and Kashmir Scheduled Tribes Order of 1989. This order was issued by the President under Article 342 of Indian Constitution and this order is applicable to Union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh as per Section 66 of Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act of 2019. So, remember this fact. Now, this community is important from examination point of view because already in 2014, there was a prelims question on this community and there is also a statement with reference to the inclusion of this community in the list of Scheduled Tribes. Now, the news article reports that Chinese incursion has resulted in a sharp rise in deaths of young Pashmina goats this year. This is witnessed in the Khorzok Chumur Belt of Changtang Plateau in Ladakh. See, this Changtang Plateau is the place in Union territory of Ladakh where Changpa community is found. So, Changpa community mainly live in the Union territory of Ladakh and note that this Changtang Plateau is at a height of almost 5000 meters and it is important because in the altitude of about 13,000 feet or approximately 4000 feet, maximum number of Pashmina goats of Changpa community graze. This grazing area is called as Chusol Demchok Chumur Belt. This belt is special as it contributes around 60% of annual production of finest wool in Ladakh. Additionally, note that Changpa Tribal community live on the mountains according to NCRT. They always move with their goats and sheep from which they get milk, meat, skin for tents and wool for coats and sweaters. And they are also known to have horses and yaks. But still, goats are their main property. From these goats, they get the wool for making the world famous Pashmina wool. And one of the reasons for why the herders graze their goats at higher and colder places is because to have a more and softer hair or fur. See, as you know, to protect the body from extreme cold, a coat of warm hair grows on the goat's body. And this is the reason the herders graze their goats at higher and colder places so that they can get more hair and also a softer hair or fur. From examination point of view, know that these goats are called as Changtangi goat or Pashmina goat also. It is a special breed of goat that is indigenous to the high altitude regions of Ladakh. Few government sources mention that the scientific name of this goat is Capra Hedgis. These goats are raised for the ultra fine Kashmiri wool. And once this wool is woven, it is what is called as Pashmina. So in this scenario, let us see some two-three important facts about Pashmina shawls also. The Pashmina shawl is a very thin yet very warm shawl. See, the wool for Pashmina shawls are collected from the goats that are found on very high altitudes of 5000 meters. So that is why Pashmina goat is chosen. And these goats shed some of their hair in summer. And these goats are reared by Changpa community as we already saw. And the fine hair cannot be woven on machines. Remember this. Therefore, weavers make these shawls by hand. So one Pashmina shawl is made after 250 hours of weaving. So you can see that not only the raw materials quality is important but how this shawl is made is also an important reason why this shawl is very famous. Apart from this, from examination point of view, know that there is a Shatush wool which is made from Tibetan Angelo. And this Tibetan Angelo is also called as Chiru. And there was also a prelims question on this Chiru as well. So from this, you would have got an idea on what should be your focus while you read an article and how to link it to examination point of view. With this, we come to the end of this discussion. The respite practice question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next discussion which is based on this lead editorial. It talks about a new approach to tackle COVID-19 pandemic which can be used until a vaccine or cure is invented and can be used even after that to control the rise of new cases. The syllabus that is relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. The authors of this editorial have recommended the approach of social vaccine. They have provided this idea based on how it was used to curb the spread of HIV infection. As you know, human immunodeficiency virus, that is HIV, causes the acquired immune deficiency syndrome that is AIDS. And nearly everywhere AIDS has been found and this HIV infection is a fast spreading infection. Recovery rate is near to zero. In the recent times only recovery of one or two persons is reported. There is no vaccine to cure AIDS. So until a cure or a vaccine for HIV is found, the only way to prevent the spread of disease was by changing people's behavior through AIDS education programs. Many national governments are using broadcast, print media, personal contact, counseling methods, etc. to educate people on AIDS. And also to educate on the safer sexual intercourse. Thus the best vaccine to contain the spread of the disease of AIDS until a biomedical vaccine is found is said as the social vaccine. See this term social vaccine is a metaphor for a series of social and behavioral measures that governments can use to raise public consciousness about unhealthy situations. In case of HIV, the social vaccine involves spreading on how to protect oneself, then educating about the 100% use of condom, then also educating some changes in sexual behavior. In fact the social vaccine was so successful in Thailand that the infection rate has come down by 50%. So what is the role of social vaccine in controlling HIV AIDS pandemic? See this AIDS caused by HIV was detected in 1981. The cause of the disease was unknown and the diagnostic tests were not available even till 1985. Also there was no treatment during those times because of the widespread fears of infection and this made many HIV infected people homeless and unemployed and they were also denied access to care. There was stigma, discrimination and violence towards the affected individuals, their families and even health workers were stigmatized. At this point came the social vaccine. It revolved around the concept of acknowledging that everyone was potentially infected including even those who are apparently healthy. And it also acknowledged that the infection occurred predominantly through sexual transmission and by use of intravenous drugs. So based on this under the social vaccine, the core preventive message for HIV involved being faithful to one sexual partner or having safe sex etc. These measures conflicted with prevailing social, cultural, religious, behavioral and even legal norms. Many coercive methods to push the agenda was going to be counterproductive in controlling HIV. However, instead of resorting to coercive methods, the information, education and communication activities targeted the individual's families and health systems for changing the social and behavioral attitudes of the society towards HIV. And this was proven to be successful. These strategies were successfully adopted in India also. When HIV importations and local spread were detected in our country, the Indian experts studied the situation and they devised multi-pronged interventions including social vaccines such as hospital infection control, sentinel surveillance, educational programs and so on. And even laboratory testing was made mandatory for safe blood transfusion. See in this, just know that sentinel surveillance involves testing of people across the community including those who are also apparently well. This is done in order to discover the unseen transmission of the disease also. So with respect to HIV, World Health Organization advised the countries for only syndromic diagnosis of HIV. Meaning, only to identify consistent group of symptoms and signs to confirm whether it is HIV or not. But what India did was India rejected WHO's advice and went for multi-pronged interventions. And this held India to contain the spread of HIV to a greater extent. According to the authors. But if you see in case of COVID-19 infection, India blindly continues WHO's advice. That is, it is simply conducting lot of tests over the people without any interventions. So actually how this social vaccine works. A social vaccine addresses the barriers and facilitators of behavioral change such as the attitudinal change, social change, cultural change or economic change. And it also supplements the information, education and communication that is IEC with targeted social behavior change communication strategies. So by these strategies, population can be empowered to resist unhealthy practices. They can be empowered to increase resilience and also to foster advocacy for change. And when it is applied to the pandemics, the effectiveness of a social vaccine is determined by the extent of dissemination of accurate information and it is also determined by the uptake of accurate information about the personal infection risk and methods to reduce such risk. So in short, we can say that if any pandemic has to be tackled before inventing a biomedical vaccine or a cure, a proper social change or a behavioral change is required. And this change includes empowering ourselves with knowledge about the disease and how it is spread and how much an individual is at risk to be infected by such disease. Because then only the individual can stay safe by using the appropriate safety measures advocated by the government and medical professionals. So in this scenario, authors have given an idea about what is the social vaccine for COVID-19 infection. See, as we know, there is still no biomedical vaccine for COVID-19. So until a cure or vaccine for coronavirus is found, the only way to prevent the spread of disease is by changing people's behavior. That is through a social vaccine only. So according to the author, openly admitting community transmission of HIV was the signal for the public to change behavior and to take precautions against HIV. So the skills and experiences from controlling the HIV AIDS pandemic can be innovatively adapted for current pandemic also. And since for COVID-19 infection, transmission is through social contacts, social distancing is needed. So maintaining physical distancing in social situations and wearing masks or facial coverings in public by 100% of people is key to preventing the infection. And this has to be carried out along with regular disinfection of oneself and also of their surroundings. So as a conclusion, we can say that people are more likely to practice these behaviors if all leaders promote them publicly and consistently. If proper information, support and materials are available and accessible, then social vaccine will also be a success for this pandemic also. Here the role of leaders is important because building trust is key if government-imposed medication strategies are to be embraced by the population. So that is all about this discussion. In this discussion, we saw a new approach to tackle a pandemic, which is the social vaccine. We saw how social vaccine was used to tackle the HIV AIDS pandemic and we finally also saw how social vaccine can be used to tackle COVID-19 pandemic also. With this, we come to the end of this discussion. The displayed practice question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next discussion, which is based on this news article. It talks about three new schemes launched by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. We know that our Prime Minister has given a clarion call for Atma Nirbhar Bharat, that is a self-reliant India. It means India shall become a major country of the world in terms of appropriate technology, capital and extraordinary human resource and thus India contributing significantly to the global economy. So in line with this, in order to make India a robust ecosystem in electronics manufacturing, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has launched three schemes. We will discuss about these three schemes in this discussion. The syllabus that is relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. So these are the three schemes which has been newly launched. First one is production-linked incentive scheme for large-scale electronics manufacturing. Then the second one is scheme for promotion of manufacturing of electronic components and semiconductors. And the third one is modified electronics manufacturing clusters scheme. Now together the three schemes entail an outlay of about Rs. 50,000 crores. And it is believed that the three schemes will enable large-scale electronics manufacturing, domestic supply chain of components. It will provide state-of-the-art infrastructure and common facilities for large units and also to their supply chain partners. So we can say that this is in line with Make in India and Assemble in India, vision of Government of India. And these schemes are expected to contribute significantly for achieving a Rs. 1 trillion digital economy and it will also contribute in achieving a Rs. 5 trillion GDP by 2025. It is because the schemes are expected to attract substantial investments. They are expected to increase production of mobile phones and their components to around Rs. 10 lakh crores by the year 2025. And they are also expected to generate around 5 lakh direct jobs and 15 lakh indirect jobs. So these are some of the objectives and advantages of these schemes. Now let us discuss these schemes in brief. The first one is the production-linked incentive scheme that is PLI scheme. This scheme gives production-linked incentive to boost domestic manufacturing and to attract large investments in few sectors. The sectors include mobile phone manufacturing and specified electronics components including the assembly testing, marketing and packaging units. This assembly testing, marketing and packaging is together known as ATMP. Now this scheme will extend an incentive of 4 percentage to 6 percentage on incremental sales over a base year. And the base year is chosen as 2019-20. And the incentive is for incremental sales of goods manufactured in India and which are covered under the target segments under this scheme. And this will be given to eligible companies for a period of 5 years subsequent to the base year. For example, according to the notification of the scheme the company is making phones of more than Rs. 15,000 and which will make a cumulative investment of Rs. 1,000 crores over the next 4 years will qualify for an incentive of 6 percentage for the first 2 years. And for the next 2 years the incentive will be 5 percentage and for the 5th year the incentive will be 4 percentage. Now the next scheme is the specs scheme which is the scheme for promotion of manufacturing of electronic components and semiconductors. This scheme aims to strengthen the electronics manufacturing ecosystem in India by promoting domestic manufacturing of electronic components and semiconductors. And this scheme provides financial incentive of 25 percentage on capital expenditure for the identified list of electronic goods. And these goods include electronic components, semiconductor or display fabrication units, then ATMP units, then also specialized sub-assemblies and capital goods for the manufacture of all these goods. Now the next scheme is the EMC 2.0 that is the modified electronics manufacturing clusters scheme. This scheme aims to offset the disabilities faced by the industries for quality infrastructure and to develop a robust electronics manufacturing ecosystem in the country. And this EMC 2.0 shall provide support for creation of world-class infrastructure along with common facilities and amenities. This includes ready-built factory sheds and then plug-and-play facilities for attracting major global electronics manufacturers along with their supply chains. See, when we say plug-and-play facilities, it denotes or relates to the software or devices that are intended to work perfectly when first used or when first connected without reconfiguration or adjustment by the user. So these kinds of facilities attract major global electronics manufacturers. So in this way, this scheme will fortify or strengthen the linkage between domestic and international market as it strengthens supply chain responsiveness, consolidation of suppliers, it enables lower logistics costs, etc. So, so far we discussed about the three schemes introduced by Meti. In addition to this, also know about the important schemes launched earlier by the government to promote electronics manufacturing. And the most important one among this is the National Policy on Electronics of 2019. And we have explained this policy in detail in our target 2020 July month video. You can have a look at it for better understanding. Then another initiative of government is the Modified Special Incentive Package Scheme. It was launched in 2012 to attract investment in electronics manufacturing. Then in 2012, another scheme was notified, which was the electronics manufacturing cluster scheme. Now this scheme has been modified as the EMC 2.0. And finally, we have the Electronics Development Fund. It was set up as a fund of funds. See, the fund of funds is also known as multi-manager investment. It is a pooled investment fund that invests in other types of funds. Now this electronics development fund provides risk capital to companies which are developing new technologies in the area of electronics, nano-electronics and information technology. So that is all about this discussion. In this discussion, we saw about the three new schemes introduced by Meti. And we also saw about some important schemes that were already launched by the government to promote electronics manufacturing. With this, we come to the end of this discussion. In this discussion, we will see new geographical area of concern for India along the line of actual control. We all know that the entire Sino-Indian border is more than 3,400 km long and it extends along the United Territory of Ladakh, then the states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. Now though the line of actual control is the effective boundary between India and China, it is not officially delineated. So both countries have differing perceptions of the border. This results in frequent border transgression and skirmishes that is fights between the forces. At present, there is an ongoing stand-up between India and China along several points in Ladakh and Sikkim. We have been seeing this for many days for now. And every time we have saw the geographical locations of these points from examination point of view. Now today's news is that certain reports say that Chinese army has set up tents in the Debsang Plains. See, India claims that the Debsang Bulge or Plains which is a crucial area along the LAC as a part of unitary of Ladakh. And according to the news article, the light armor vehicles and a large number of tanks have been seen in the Chinese controlled areas near Debsang. And it is also said that Debsang Plain or Bulge is one of the few places in the western sector where light armor vehicles can move. So, any Chinese build-up in this area is a cause of concern for India. And know that Debsang Plains were occupied by China during the Indo-China war in 1962. And then, again in 2013, the People's Liberation Army of China had crossed the LAC and pitched tents on the Indian side of these Plains for some time. So, in this context only, this news article also presents the viewpoint of former National Security Advisor Shiv Shankar Menon. He is of opinion that, like it was used in 2013, both diplomatic pressure and political pressure should be used to resolve the issue. He suggests two pronged strategy. First, India should insist People's Liberation Army to move back from the current stand-off point. And second, India should ensure an end point where the troops should move back to avoid any repeat incursions in the future. So, he suggests that for a successful outcome, India should not only display its strength, but India should also keep the public discourse calm and steady. And as per this news article, as a part of upgrading the defences in Ladakh, India had already started deploying tank regiments in 2014 itself. And this also includes the T-72 tanks in the eastern Ladakh region. So, by this, what we mean is that now the crew is acclimatized or adapted to the harsh environment, and the tanks are equipped to operate in the high-altitude atmosphere if these situations change in the Debsung Plains. So, that is all about this discussion. In today's discussion, we saw about a crucial area along LAC, which is Debsung Plains or Debsung Bulge, which India claims as its territory. And for the past few days, we have been hearing about skirmishers along the LAC in various places. And these places include Galwan River Valley and Pangong-Solek region. And both are in Ladakh. And then another hotspot is Nakula in Sikkim. So, remember these areas from examination point of view. With this, we come to the end of this discussion. That is a quick practice question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next discussion, which is based on this news article, it mentions that China is going to set up a 1,024 megawatt power project named as Kohala Hydro Power Project. And it is going to be set up in Pakistan occupied Kashmir despite India's objection to it. So, for the implementation of this project, an agreement has been finalized for under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. That is CPEC. So, in this context, let us see about this project and also about CPEC. First know that, as we already saw, Kohala Hydro Power Plant is a 1,024 megawatt power project or 1.12 gigawatt power project which is being developed on the Jhelum River in Musapparabad district of Azad Jammu Kashmir which is a part of Pakistan occupied Kashmir. And this project is one of the six hydropower projects which is planned to be built on the Jhelum River in the district of Azad Jammu Kashmir in POK. As you know, Pakistan occupied Kashmir is a disputed territory between India and Pakistan and that is why India has objected to this project. I know that in 2015 itself, a special purpose vehicle called as Kohala Hydro Company was formed to execute this hydropower project. The plant is being developed under CPEC and this project is estimated to require an investment of 2.36 billion dollars. So, this project is one of the biggest investments of private sector in Pakistan. So, in this context, let us know about China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. First know that CPEC is one of the main projects under China's Belt and Road Initiative. As you know, BRI's largest connectivity initiative, spearheaded by China, China intends to revive the ancient Silk Road connecting China with Eurasia and Africa. And it is connected through a vast network of roads as well as other infrastructure projects such as dams, railways, etc. We discussed about the Belt and Road Initiative in detail on our 24th May Hindu News Analysis. You can have a look at it for better understanding. Now, remember that on that day, we saw that India did not join the Belt and Road Initiative of China and CPEC is one of the main reasons for India not joining BRI because as we just saw, CPEC passes through the Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. Additionally, know that CPEC is a 3,000 km long corridor out of which almost 2,500 km would pass through Pakistan. So, a memorandum of understanding has been signed between Pakistan and China in this regard. So, the CPEC corridor will connect Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China with the Guadar Port, which is located in the southwestern region of Pakistan. And this economic corridor will include developing of highways, railways and pipelines in Pakistan. So, this creates sovereignty concerns for India and that is why India is opposing CPEC, the Hydro Power Project and it is one of the reasons why India did not join BRI also. So, that is all about this discussion. With this, we come to the end of this discussion. That is a quick practice question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next discussion, which is based on this news article. The state of natural rubber sector in this COVID-19 pandemic. As we know, the pandemic has affected various sectors of economy. Likewise, it has severely impacted the operations of automotive sector and related industries also. And we had a detailed discussion about rubber production in India, then important facts and applications of rubber on our 29th May in the news analysis. You can have a look at it for better understanding. On that day, we saw that the natural rubber production in India recorded a growth of 9.4% in 2019-20. And for the first time since 2014-15, the production had crossed 7 lakh tons. And we also saw that natural rubber is the main component in heavy duty tires and it is also used for manufacturing of bicycle tires and tubes. Now, today's news is that due to lockdown, the consumption of natural rubber is falling drastically. It is estimated that the total requirement of natural rubber by domestic tire manufacturers will fall to 9 lakh metric tons this fiscal year. Last year, the requirement was 11.4 lakh metric tons. That means there will be a reduction in demand of more than 20% age for natural rubber in this fiscal. So because of this, experts are saying that there is no need for the country to import rubber to meet the demand. On that day, we also saw that there was a decline of 20% age in imports last fiscal also. So it seems that this trend is going to continue for this fiscal too. And according to this news article, the price and market recovery of India's natural rubber sector will fully depend on how the economy is going to rebound in the next three quarters. If it doesn't rebound, then natural rubber sector will also be drastically affected. And that is why the title mentions that natural rubber sector on a sticky wicket, which means the sector is in difficult circumstances. So that is all the information that you need to know from this news article. Let's move on to the next discussion. Now we have come to the final session for the day, which is the practice questions discussion session. This is a pair based question. On one side, a region is given and on the other side, the countries between which the region is disputed is given. The first pair is Pangong So, it has been paired with India and China. Second pair is Kalapani, it has been paired with India and Nepal. And the third region is Debsung Plains, it has been paired with India and Pakistan. Now you know that Pangong So is a disputed territory between India and China. And Kalapani, which we have seen many times during our analysis is a disputed territory between India and Nepal. And in today's discussion we saw about Debsung Plains and it is not a disputed territory between India and Pakistan, rather between India and China. So the third pair is incorrectly matched. If you look at the question, the question asks for the correctly matched pairs. So the correct question is option B, one and two only. Now this next question is about Belt and Road Initiative. The first statement mentions it is a transcontinental passage that links China with Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Russia, Europe and North America. Now you have to be careful while attending this statement, because at the first glance it might seem as a correct statement, but it is an incorrect statement. Because if you see Biare is a transcontinental passage, that is correct. And it links China with many regions. That part is also correct. So but it connects China with Eurasia and Africa. So it does not connect China with North America. So that is why this statement is incorrect. Now the second statement mentions India has recently joined the Belt and Road Initiative. Now see as of now this statement is incorrect because so far India did not join Belt and Road Initiative because of many reasons. And one of the reason is China is an economic corridor as it passes through Pakistan occupied Kashmir. So in future if India joins Biare, then this statement will become a correct statement. And here the question asks for the correct statements and both the statements are incorrect as of now. So the correct answer to this question is option D neither one nor two. Now this next question mentions they live in Changtung region in Union territory of Ladakh. They rear Changtungi or Pashmina goat which is a special breed of goat indigenous to the high altitude regions of Ladakh in Jambu and Kashmir. The goats are raised for ultra fine Kashmiri wool known as Pashmina once woven. The above best describes which of the following tribal communities. So from today's discussion you can easily say that all these things match to one community which is Changpa community. So the correct answer is option C. Now the first option is Riyang community. You know that Riyang is a tribal community from the state of Tripura and it is the only particularly vulnerable tribal group from the state of Tripura. And the second option given is Champins and know that this tribal community is from Andaman and Kuber Islands and they have been listed as a PVTG from Andaman and Kuber Islands. And the last option is Sahariyas. They are also important because they are the only PVTG from Rajasthan. Now let us take the main question displayed during the news article discussion sessions. This question is on GS paper 3. What is social vaccine? How it was used in controlling HIV AIDS pandemic in India? Do you think it will be effective in COVID-19 pandemic scenario? So this is a very direct question. You have to define social vaccine. Then what are the methods used under it for controlling HIV AIDS pandemic? Then you have to give your own viewpoint on whether it will be helpful in this pandemic or not. And remember your answer should be concise because you have to answer this question in 150 words. Now this next main question is based on GS paper 2. Question asks discuss the possibilities for India to steer multilateralism in the new Cold War scenario. At the global level, what are to be achieved in the India led multilateralism? You can take points from the editorial discussion which we discussed on multilateralism to answer this question. And you can also add your own viewpoints. You can answer both the questions and post it in the comments section. We will review it and appropriate suggestions will be provided in 15 working days. With this, we have come to the end of today's Hindi news analysis and question answer discussion sessions. If you like the video, don't forget to like, comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel for more updates related to civil service examination preparation.