 Hi friends, we are going for Yojna May month decade, the name itself says next 10 years is going to be the focus of technology, so that is the understanding of this term. In this Yojna, we are going to see this 5 news articles, owners potential of India's ITEC sector or education sector, second is leveraging technology for transforming healthcare, cyber security challenges in 5G era, quantum computing transforming technology and use of technology in urban planning, so these are 5 topics we are going to see. So, this first one is potential of India's education sector, so paragraph 1, so paragraph 2 and paragraph 3, so paragraph 1 speaks about education technology, so education technology are popularly we called as ITEC or education tech, EDU tech and right now this is the primary focus of government and also academics and policy circles that is given there, the primary focus. So, paragraph 2 says what is education tech is, ITEC is that is use of information and communication technology that is software and hardware, what they called as software and hardware for enhancing teaching and learning to enhancing teaching and learning, so teaching is for the teachers and learning is for the students, so to enhance both the things we are using technology that is given paragraph 2. Paragraph 3, it speaks about the potential, so the potential of this education sector is one is related to underprivileged students, underprivileged students and also focusing on far and wide, so geographical dimensions, so underprivileged students are students who have socio-economic issues in getting education and they are being properly served through this education technology or EDU tech and also it can reach far and wide means it can reach any part of India because of technological penetrations, so that is given as a potential here, so next page paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and 6, so in paragraph 1, so the primary potential another potential of education technology is potential is one is quality of education, we will see why quality of education is improving a lot and this quality of education with no age limit, so anyone can get quality education at any age if they are willing to learn, so that is given in paragraph 1. And paragraph 2 speaks about certain facts, so it says that by end of 2023 that is by financial year of 2023, so there will be a spending of US dollar 144 billion in ICT, information and communication technology, in that 52 percentage spending will be on service oriented, service is nothing but they are speaking about EDU tech, so they say that major spending will be on these areas, so there is a great potential for education technologies that is given here and paragraph 3 speaks about internet usages by 2010 to 2022, they are giving some data, this data can be used not only for this particular news article, any other news article regarding technology ICT you can use it, it says that right now internet usages, internet users has increased 10 times, 10 times that is around 932 million users, so just it started with 92 million users, right now it is reached to 932 million users in 12 years that is the data given here and it is expected by 2040, it will be around 1.53 billion users, so this is the data that is a great potential for internet usage in India and one of the primary reason is cost of data is one of the primary reason it said that 1 GB cost is around 14 rupees right now, it is 90 percentage of, 90 percentage reduction of 2013, so in 2013 the cost was 90% high when compared to this today's rupees 14 for 1 GB, this is the primary reason why internet penetration is very high in India that is given in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 speaks about smart phone another important criteria apart from data smart phone, so there is a same for same time period that is 2010 to 2022, so there is increase of 27 times, so right now 931 smartphones are there in India, whereas in 2010 it was around 34 million, again the same thing 1.53 billion smartphones will be there by 2040 similar to the previous data and primary reason is average selling price has decreased 12% each, so price lowering that is another primary reason why cell phone penetration is very high that is around 12% is given with the same time period, so as in paragraph 5, so these are the data which you can use it anywhere, you can say about that this data can be used for e-governance this data can be used for anything related to technology or even you can use the data regarding cyber security how it is very challenging because of this data you can use it there, so paragraph 5 the primary aspect is helps to students they are giving it, so they are giving some data, so primary values are one is inclusive, affordable, inclusive means anyone having access to technology that is smart phone and data usages, so it is inclusive for everyone and also affordable cost of data is very low, so in paragraph 6 what are the advantages learning while playing, so there is no physical requirement of students to sit in the class, so this helps them wherever they want to learn they can learn it, so that helps them very best and also pedagogies that is by making models and all these things can easily thought through technology based education, so that is also another important aspect which is being primary reason why it is called as learning while playing and next we go for next page paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, so in paragraph 1, so another is reasons why it is required as classes anywhere and anytime this does not need to be explained, so because of having education technology accessing classes by an individual is their personal choices they can do it anytime and anywhere, so that we can see it and access of quality teachers paragraph 2 quality teachers, the physical constraint of teachers is being eliminated through this technology assume that is there is a subject where the best teacher is available in one part of India, a student across India can access the teacher through the technology and his classes can be accessed, there is a elimination of this physical boundaries here, so that is a primary advantage of education technology that is given here and how it helps the teachers that is given in paragraph 3 especially they can focus on pedagogies, pedagogies is nothing but the method of teaching, so where it can be more practice oriented because of having a technology, so practice oriented where they can make some models and all those things which they can easily show to the students which can be effectively used there, so pedagogy can be more effective and apart from this it also helps in administration, so that is given in paragraph 4, so how it helps in administration is especially for grading through technology grading becomes very easy and also classroom management, paperless classrooms, eliminating guesswork all these things can be done and classroom management, so what is classroom management? Here simple way of understanding is where teachers does not want to spend lot of time on non-teaching activities, for example taking attendance and all it is not required because of this education technology and all, so where they can easily do it, so that is a possibility there combining with other technologies. Now paragraph 5, so where they get the real time and so where the students skills can be accessed and the proactive plans because of this technology they can easily concentrate on each students because through this technology individualizations can be given and each students performance can be measured and for them proactive plans can be shared that is given in paragraph, these are also some of the merits of the system and also they are comparing with paragraph 6 offline and online, so offline it says that there are lot of inefficiencies, so they say that offline what are the inefficiencies one is aspect of accessibility, so accessibility in the aspect of infrastructures and also teachers, so you cannot have the best teachers available for every student that is also another problem and also infrastructures like labs and all which is not possible, so where in this education technology where you can make that possible by models and also by diagrammatic or by representation to easy to understand them, so that is there and also time is also being saved, so time is also being saved for the students, so these are some of the inefficiencies offline, so infrastructure teachers and times which is the biggest inefficiencies in offline mode and paragraph 7 speaks about interactive learning, there is another important aspect, interactive learning that is what we already said in pedagogy where students can have high level of interaction with staffs and also with the peer groups because of technological enablation, so that is given in paragraph 7 and paragraph 8 it speaks about the growth drivers, why this is feasible, first one is regarding demographic dividend, so regarding demographic dividend, so demographic dividend speaks about the proportion of population in a particular age bracket and the data is given around 35% of Indian population is considered to be, 35% is considered to be within the age bracket of 15 to 34, this really shows the potential of education technology where a lot of people especially this is the age where they want to learn lot of new things that is given here and also apart from this as per new education policy 2020, 2020 gross enrollment ratio, this is the number of people enrolling into education 50% by 2035, it is going to cross 50% by 2035 which in numerical numbers around 80 million, this clearly shows the potential for this particular sector, so that is given in paragraph 8, next page paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, so in paragraph 1 it also says about income level that is per capita income, so per capita income has increased in 2022 to 23, it is 1,72,000 rupees, what is per capita income is taking all the populations in India and dividing the income per individual as per government is they are able to get around 1.72 lakhs which is a greater number when compared with the year of 2014, 15, 86,647, what it clearly indicates is what this paragraph says is because of this increased per capita income lot of people especially people in that age group of 15 to 34 want to learn lot of new things and they have lot of disposable income either among their employment opportunities they have they have or with their parents income, so they are able to do it, so that is the data given, so per capita income is an indicator where people spend lot of money for education, so that is given here in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 says about technological infrastructure, why education technology will prosper because of greater technological infrastructure created in India, so there are lot of things created by India like digital India, Bharat net, these are some critical infrastructures created by India on based on which education sector can easily try, then apart from this paragraph 3 speaks about government initiatives, so government is also creating initiatives for education sector and they have given examples like Dixia, these are the examples you can write it for your answer writing, so these are some of the examples of government initiative which creates contents for students for their enriching their understanding, so these are some of the examples you can write there, so government is also taking initiatives to promote education sector that is given in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 pandemic related behavior, so due to pandemic as people should not go into close proximity where education is must for every individual especially for kids, education began to transform from offline to online, so this also have a positive impact for education sector and also final last one increase funding, because of all this reason there are lot of money in flowing into this sector where opportunities are available, so people with ideas and lot of money being flowing into it, it shows great potential of this particular sector that is given in paragraph 5 and paragraph 6 about value of this particular sector it says that by 2023 education sector has grown to the value of US dollar 5 billion, which we need to compare with the year of 2020, in 2020 that was around 750 million dollar 750 million, so this you can see the huge jump in education sector's values and this is around CJR 43 percentage, education sector is going, education technology sector is going 43 percentage every year in the last 3 years and also there is a potential by 2027 potential by 2027 it will grow into US dollar 10 billion, US dollar of 10 billion, so right now the current is around 5 billion it is going to double by another 4 years, so that is the potential of education sector that is given in paragraph 6 and paragraph 7 it also shows the way in India it is said that around 400 startups are operating in various part of this sector and it is also said that by 2023 around 7 out of 30 is Indian unicorns and we already saw on the previous Yojna what is unicorns means that is a company with 1 billion dollar evaluation, sound out of 30 unicorns in education sector comes from India, good examples you can take about by Jews and all good examples of it, so that is given in paragraph 7, next page we go for paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, so in paragraph 1 what are the challenges existing here, so even though we have great potential there are some challenges here, first one is social effects on online classes, social effect is as students are not interacting with their peers and also they does not have interaction with the society, so they are losing some of their social skills that is being said that social effects that is given in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 perception of parents, so still parents always believes that offline classes are the best one, so that will be a biggest challenge and paragraph 3 pupil teacher ratio, so what is this pupil teacher ratio is even though we use technology still the biggest challenge in education is number of students handled by staffs or teachers, so that should be minimal, so that technology based education be very effective that is given there and paragraph 4 speaks about how to enhance this that is to enhance education sector, so that is given in paragraph 4 to 6, first one is integrating paragraph 4 and 5, integrate practical work as part of this pedagogy, so that is what being advised, though it has a potential that need to be done that is what being said and also multilingual content that is given in paragraph 6, multilingual content, so what is the multilingual content as we can see the facts here, India around 10 percentage of people speak Hindi and 45 percentage speak English which clearly indicates that are the 45 percentage people does not speak Hindi or English, so they are speaking the regional languages or what we called as their mother tongue, either it can be Punjabi or it can be Telugu or Malayalam, so there are around 45 percentage still does not speak of these common languages, so that comes in need for multilingual content and also holistic education, what is holistic education is technology based education should not only focus on training people on information facts and primarily focused on STEM, STEM is nothing but science, technology, max, so where they also says that holistic education is focusing on value based education that should be always promoted that is what the author says, next that is given here in paragraph 1 that is value based education should be promoted and paragraph 2, 1, 3 speaks about the importance of paragraph 2, 1, 3 speaks about the importance of AI enabled education sector, so in near future AI will be playing a major role in this education sector, this AI based education sector will be more fine-tuned to the needs of the students that is given in paragraph 2, 1, 3, the next news article is leveraging technology for transforming healthcare, so here we are going to focus on digital health that is the point here, so digital health paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, so what is paragraph 1 speaks about digital health that is use of technology, digital health speaks about use of technology for what purpose you are going to use technology is healthcare solutions and also for empowering stakeholders, so what is healthcare solutions that is being given here especially focusing on better quality and high efficiency, so that is the part of this digital health, healthcare solutions regarding diagnosis all these are part of this that is what we called as digital health and here we have terms like in paragraph 2 terms like telemedicine, so telemedicine so what is the aspect of telemedicine is whenever distance become a biggest factor use of ICT technologies, ICT technologies especially to avoid distance in providing healthcare, so to avoid distance in providing healthcare in this what they are going to do is they are going to focus on diagnosis and treatment and also focusing on evaluation, so all are done through telemedicine so that is given in paragraph 2, paragraph 3 speaks about the concept of telehealth, telehealth is more holistic in this apart from this preventive medicines and all those preventive and curative it is also focus on health information services, health information services, preventive, curative so all are taken care, so that is part of this telehealth that is given in that is all done through means of digital technologies that is given in paragraph 3, paragraph 4 digitalization of data, digitalization of data, this is regarding health data, so through means of data stacks, so storing of data in various dimensions and e-registries and health information and analytics, health information and analytics, so all are part of this digitalization of data which helps the providing health services and also it said that internet of things that is given in paragraph 5, the role of internet of things especially in the aspect of health can also have an impact on human health, so that is all given here, there is the aspect of digital health different dimensions of digital health is said in this particular page, next we go for paragraph 1, next page paragraph 2, paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, so in paragraph 1, so the important advantages of telemedicine is given here advantages of telemedicine which says that long distance travel avoid long distance travel and apart from this population who are going to be served with especially old age, so old age has a problem of mobility, so by this telemedicine they can reach to their doorsteps, children's and differentially abled, so they are being properly served through telemedicine that is given here which reduces their health cost, reducing the health cost, this result in reducing the health cost and as per a data, so some report is given which can be used for your answers as per an NGO data under this Aishman Bharat there is a key program of flagship program regarding health, health and wellness center through Aishman Bharat health and wellness center through teleconsultation, so government is providing this teleconsultation, the data is saying that 21 kilometer of travel is being reduced on an average, 21 kilometer of journey is being reduced and also rupees 941 out of pocket expenditure, out of pocket expenditure, this what is out of pocket expenditure is right now in India most of the time health services cost is being taken care by the individual, whereas in western democracies or other countries insurance is being there, in India it is not the case, each individual want to spend their own savings on own money for health services that is called out of pocket expenditure, now the biggest challenge in India which results most of the families running into poverty because of health cost especially chronic diseases like cancer and all where they need to spend a lot of money for it where they lose all the life saving, one of the biggest problem are government want to address, so in that dimensions it is able to save on an average of 900 rupees per individual, so there is a potential of telemedicine that is going in paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 says that through telemedicine WHO says that they are able to focus on sustainable development goals, so sustainable development goals have a target of 2030 and especially focusing on quality health care, so this is a global goal, global goal for all countries because of this telemedicine you are able to achieve sustainable development goals that is going in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, right now in India we have this, we spoke, we saw about tele-tele-consultation for that in India we have this E Sanjeevani, this is a program for tele-consultation which you can use it for answer writing use of technology for health services, next we go for paragraph 1, paragraph 2, so in paragraph 1 so digital health solutions helps to focus on personalized care plans, so that is another advantage is here digital health, one is personalized care because of all health data they have, so it is possible to provide a personalized care for that individual and monitoring patients, monitoring become very easy monitoring patients and especially remotely that is the most important thing, monitoring patient hands remotely is very possible assume that if there is a village in mountainous area like Arunachal Pradesh through telemedicine they can easily monitor the patients, so that is the advantage here and also improving patient engagement with health services can be improved that helps to minimize health related issues to the individual that is given in paragraph potential of digital health and next thing we have the digital health records, so that is there which we already saw digital health records through telemedicine and telehealth you can create digital health records which is nothing but store of health data, so that is given in the paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 speaks about this Ashman Bharat digital mission, so we will see that in the next page, paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and we can see some of the initiatives in India regarding this digital health that is given here, in paragraph 1 Ashman Bharat digital mission which stores data and information which can be used for health related improvement that is health related personal information being created, so that is given in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 says that what are the mechanisms for it there is a 14 digit number, so 14 digit number given for each individuals under this digital mission and so this can be used by other place other stakeholders like insurance companies, insurance companies and which can also be used by hospitals, so there is a great potential of this digital data that is given in paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 they give the numbers, so right now in India they have this 33 crore Ashman Bharat health cards or health accounts IDs in that around 23 crore are right now in digital format as part of this Ashman Bharat digital mission, so right now we have 23 crore individuals health records in digital format that is given here. Next thing is another initiatives which is given in paragraph 3 again that is scan and share services, so this part of hospital environment where advantages each individual when they are outpatient they just need to scan the QR code and fill up the information, so where tokens are being provided for the individuals, so this avoids lot of wastage of time and also digital data are being created and this helps a lot in government hospital records are being created I think you are able to understand what I am saying, so now we go for hospitals people need to stand in long queue to get the access to health services in every hospital they are going to put the QR code where they can scan fill the details automatically goes to the front of us where they give a token and it also people are able to find the time where they want to come, so this is all the better advantage that is scan and share services, so that is given in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 says about right now in India around 365 hospitals and 365 hospitals has used this scan and share services and 5 lakh patients has benefited a lot, 5 lakh patients have benefited a lot and all this hospitals also is part of government and private hospitals, so both are using this particular services. Next thing is paragraph 5 related to Coven, so this is an app created for vaccination in India which is considered to be the most successful and based on this Coven app around 220 crore dosages of vaccines are being done for Corona, so that is the point here and also another most important thing in paragraph 6 is this comes in Coven app comes in English and 11 regional languages, so there is another important aspect, so next one is we go for this paragraph 1, paragraph 2, paragraph 3 and 4, so in paragraph 1 it speaks about this 10 crore, 10 e consultation which we already saw under eSUNG warning being done that data has been given here and in that data 57 percentage are considered to be women and 12 percentage are considered to be senior citizens, so what importance of this data is around 57 percentage of women are using this telecom counseling is advantage for women is it says lot of time for them and mostly culturally women cannot go out individually in public places in Indian systems where they need to be accompanied especially rural areas by male and apart from this women is not also educated by a facilitator by through teleconsultation, so women get the better health services that is the reason 57 percentage are women users of this teleconsultation, so that is the data which you can use it for answer writing and paragraph 2 speaks about this tele manas that is tele mental health assistance and networking across states, so right now in India health is not only viewed from the aspect of physical dimensions they are also focusing on mental health, so right now we can see by this initiative of tele manas they are able to provide that mental health services to the people through technology or teleconsultation, telemedicine that is given in paragraph 2 this is regarding mental health and next thing is paragraph 3 speaks about allowing toll free number, so that is 1, 4, 4, 1, 6 toll free number again related to mental health which can be accessed by individuals that is given here and paragraph 4 speaks about Nixiaat 2.0 portal and what are the primary focus of this initiative is regarding community support, community support for TB patients, so community support for TB patients, so this is one of the chronic diseases and through this initiative community includes either it can be individuals it can be a corporate or NGOs to take care of this TB patients that is initiative and that is a portal being created for this, so that is given here paragraph 1, 2 and 3, so in paragraph 1 it says about the recent achievement of this particular portal, so right now around 61,000 people are ready to support 95 percentage of TB patients, so that is given here that is around 61,000 Nixia Mitras, so Mitras are volunteers who are primarily focused on taking care of TB patients, so around 95 percentage is being covered by these individuals 95 percent is 61,000 Mitras Nixia Mitras are going to take care of 95 percentage of TB patients, so that is the data which we need to understand from here, so right now in India we have around 13 lakh TB patients by this scheme they are being taken care, so what they are focusing is taking care in the aspect of providing food kits and they are also ready to provide medicines, medicine is free but apart from this other related things all these are being taken care by the system. And paragraph 2 speaks about this health technology assessment, so right now health technology assessment in India it is a part of department of health research, department of health research, so it is initiative created in India in the era of, so I think they did did not give the year, so it was a primary focus of this particular health technology assessment in India as it is regarding data driven health policies, it is collect all the data and based on this data they are going to take lot of health policy choices, so data driven policy choices, so what are the importance of this is right now government is moving towards more efficient health services by collecting all the data, they are not going to create some policies based on some hunch feeling or without any data they are not going to create any policies, so this clearly shows that government is using technology very effectively to serve the people better, so that is the point it is given here, so they are going to provide most efficient services, efficient value for money, what is value for money here is as people's money is used for public services, so that will be better usage of money here, so that is given here. And also right now Ashman Barth health ministry in various states are using this particular health technology assessment in India, so next article is quantum computing transforming technology, this is a emerging technology which is a niche area which is being discussed here in paragraph 1, it says about what is this quantum computing is quantum computing, some of the important terms in quantum computing is qubits, so what is qubits is regarding multiple states that is multiple states of existence of 0 and 1, so whereas in normal computing it is always binary 0 and 1, whereas in quantum computing there will be multiple states of 0 and 1 and what they call it as superposition, this they call it as superposition, so the biggest advantage of this is they can perform multiple calculations, because of this they can perform multiple calculations, so under counter computing at the given same time multiple calculations are performed because of the superpositioning that is given here and that results in faster computing that is given in paragraph 1, you go for next page impact of quantum computing where we can see is especially they can use it in industrial data science applications, what is industrial data science application, for example if you take you are developing a new medicine by this quantum computing you can check the performance on a model, so this all can be done at very faster time when compared with the other systems, similarly if you are going to design a complex manufacturing things where this helps a lot or if you are going to design an automobile you want to check the performance of automobile especially for example they called as wind tunnel testing and all to see the where the pressure on the system is or on the automobile when you drive fast all this can be easily performed especially for aircrafts being designed like a LC light combat aircraft all this importance are there, so that is fast effective use of data science application industrial data science application, second one is mission learning outcomes, so mission learning is another technology where this quantum computing can help a lot, so mission learning is right now moving towards predictive capabilities especially this based on algorithms, so algorithms, mission learning is entirely based on this algorithms and right now they are moving to this predictive capabilities, what is predictive capabilities they want to predict the near events or future events, so right now quantum computing can help a lot in that and especially like combining data from voice, video, picture where we can see quantum computing can effectively use here when all this data are used to predict something happening for example there is a security threat some individual are coming into this country and by collecting all this data, so they can predict what they are going to do next, so all this can be effectively done through quantum computing that is given here, we go for next page and paragraph one, paragraph two, so in paragraph one in next page, so this can be used in various aspects like driverless cars, smart city infrastructures, to understand what is this driverless cars and smart city infrastructure digital public services means because of quantum computing as you know that it provides very fast computing as a driverless cars as the cars are being driven by technology and this computers to generally say that they want to make number of decisions in a fraction of time, where humans have that capacity through evolutions of millions of years by quantum computing they try to mimic that, so that is the advantage that is an example here you can say about driverless cars and second point in the same paragraph one is optimization for complex problems, what is optimization is finding some best solution for the complex problems because under quantum computing you are going to do calculations very fast and that helps to find the best solutions here, so optimization for complex problems assume that right now there is a pollution happening in a river pollution is happening and based on this quantum computing we can identify what will be the impact on the system because complex issues are involved in it ecology, humans all these things are there, so based on that quantum computing help them a lot that is given in second point of paragraph one and paragraph two it speaks about this improved industrialization, so improved industrialization speaks about this industry 4.0 where we can see that internet of things on internet of everything internet of things and they are saying internet of everything, so all this can be enhanced through quantum computing, so an improved process efficiency in next point is improved process efficiency in digital transformations, so if you are using quantum computing for digital interactions, so it will be very fast, so that you can get the best experience of digital services, so it also creates real time data and which can helps in providing the best services, so by creating real time data, so real time data can be easily cross check and all these things can be done and the next article is 5G cyber security challenges, we will go for paragraph one, two and three, so in paragraph one it says about what is this 5G, 5G is fifth generation wireless communication, so that is called 5G and paragraph two speaks about order potential of 5G, so average data rate is around 100 mbps, it can be go for 20 mbps, so this you can think of how much data is being given per second, sometimes we can see this is the storage capacity of some of our pin drives correct, so especially in GB capacity is correct, so in one second that is the potential of 5G and especially this gives lot of mobile data and paragraph three, so 5G networks has a great impact in education, where we can see the impact in common man life because of 5G is one is education sector because data is being transformed very fast and also we can see that telemedicine which we already saw, these are the two things what we already saw and precision farming, operation agriculture, robotics where the potential of this are very high. Next page paragraph one, two, three, four and five, so in paragraph one, so what is the advantage of 5G is high speed, so data is being thrown at very largest scale and low latency, so latency is a technical term if you want a simple layman terms is the buffering will not be there, so this all provides greater opportunity and it is said that by 2035 5G will create around US dollar of 13 trillion worth of economy and it also creates around 23 million jobs, so this is the future of any country or any economy that is given here, paragraph one and paragraph two says that right now in India it is related to India, it said that right now we have by 2024 around 5G users, 5G users around 150 million, so very microscopic when compared to our population by 2024 right now we have 5G users of 150 million whereas population of India is very close to 1.4 billion, so we can see that penetration of 5Gs and the potentials of India that is given in paragraph two and paragraph three says about the role of China here, China and 5G, so right now China is the country which primarily focus on providing this technology and it is being said that China is used not only providing this technology they are also using it to spy on other countries that is given in paragraph three, so China is dropping, by providing this hardware and software to other countries China is able to listen what is happening in that particular country, so this is what given in paragraph three we will see some of the examples here in paragraph four, so in paragraph four that is August 2020, Australia, China, China, China, China, China, China, and Papua New Guinea, Papua New Guinea government, it is an island in Pacific, so identified that it is national data center, they played a major role in national data center, identified that most of the Chinese telecom companies are spying on them or especially regarding government data, from these two countries they are stealing the government data that is given here and Italy also said that data is being stolen, so that is in paragraph four and paragraph five it says about US, US government has identified two companies of China, one is ZE and Huai, they considered to be the enemies of US or national security threat, so that is given in paragraph five, paragraph one and paragraph two, so in paragraph one it says about ban on US corporates to buy technologies from these companies and especially communication equipments and also they asked not to use this Chinese hardware for this 5G networks, that is paragraph two where former UK prime minister that is Boris Johnson has recommended to create D10 correlation, what is D10 correlation is this is primarily focused on 5G technologies, democracy of 10, so where they need to focus on supply chain of 5G technologies to create supply chain for 5G technologies, even Quad has played a role in it, so Quad right now we have Quad, so these are countries of four especially focusing on China, so in this Quad countries are India, Japan, US and Australia, so they also focusing on open run, so this is again to counter Chinese 5G, so this is all the things right now we can see that how 5G as a technology has a huge positive potential, but also some countries can use it for their political objectives, so these are given in paragraph two and paragraph three speaks about why 5G is considered to be most challenging in cyber security point of view, this paragraph three, this paragraph four and paragraph five, in paragraph three the point is especially core network functions of 5G technologies need to be outsourced especially to edges or close to customers, so right now in other technologies being centralized right now it is moved to the edges or close to the customers where lot of outside players are there, third party vendors are there, third party vendors are there, so this create a greater potential for security threat, so it is technologically structurally there are some challenges here that is given in paragraph three and paragraph four says the potential of this challenges by 2025, around 27 billion internet of things devices will be there in global level, so this clearly shows that how global countries are interconnected and this has the potential for malware and botnet distribution vectors, so these are some technological terms you want to know from net you just need to go and check it and disturbed denial of services, so this interconnectivity of devices this can all be created this is all nothing but what we called as cyber security issues, cyber security issues and I said that by the year of 2016, this is an example Mirai botnet exploited unsecured internet of devices, internet of thing devices impact IOT, so this is example given in paragraph four and paragraph five, so quad right now we already serve as quad, so quad is also focusing on space based 6G, so right now they want to move out from 5G to 6G, space based 6G is the idea of this quad, so there is going in paragraph five. Next we go for use of technology in urban planning, so paragraph one, so urban planning as a term, so it is given here urban planning has multiple dimensions, one is physical planning on physical dimensions, social dimensions, utility systems, so like public transportation electricity all are part of this, communication networks and distribution chains, so urban planning includes lot of factors that is given here and urban planners or primary role is focusing on all this things, so urban planning include all this aspects that is given in paragraph one, next page paragraph one, two, three and four, so paragraph one speaks about the importance of information and communication technology in urban planning, in this it says about the concept of GIS geographical information system, so whereas paragraph two says about GIS where it is being used, so geographical information systems can be used for property mapping, use of ICT in utility services like water and also we have this sea wage networks through ICT you can collect all this data and that becomes GIS geographical information system, so this is the potential for urban planning and also we can go for solid waste management, GIS can also be used by transport planners, so by GIS geographical information system you can identify where the road networks are, how effectively road can be created, all this can be done, so that is given in paragraph two and paragraph three, what are the importance of GIS is it helps in decision making by means of all this data helps in decision making and also for policy making, so that is given in paragraph three and paragraph four, so right now they are focusing on 3D visualization, 3D visualization of GIS, so it is enhancing their technology, so these are some of the points which helps in urban planning, paragraph one and paragraph two, so in paragraph one, so through urban planning especially urban planners are able to use technology for enhancing people's life, so they are saying that, so use of technology to enhance people's life or what we called as standard of living, so even they say that cloud computing technologies can be used for it, cloud computing technologies can be used for all these things apart from this GIS and they also can create databases and all these things that is what given in paragraph two also, so by urban planning by means of ICT you can create communities, create communities, so what is communities is enhancing all the things what we called as urban planning, it is not creating cities or infrastructure, create communities and mostly it is self-sufficient communities, thank you.