 Hello! I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SS Khanda Girls' Review College, University of Palahabha and in the series of discussing various issues on higher education, this is my last video on higher education in accordance with your syllabus that is National Knowledge Commission. What are the views of National Knowledge Commission on higher education? And the lecture will be useful to you for your general understanding, for your general accreditation of your knowledge, for your competency examinations, and for your general BA and professional BA course as well. So, let's start. National Knowledge Commission. Knowledge has been recognized as the key driving force in the 21st century and India's ability to emerge as a globally competitive player will substantially depend on its knowledge resources. Forster generational change, a systemic transformation is required that seeks to address the concerns of the entire knowledge sector. This massive endeavor involves creating a road map for reform of the knowledge sector that focuses on enhancing access to knowledge, fundamentally improving education systems and their delivery, and reshaping the research development and innovation structures and harnessing knowledge applications for generating better services. That's a knowledge revolution that seeks to build capacity and generate quality will enable our country to empower its human capital, including the 550 million below the age of 55. Human capital is an important tool for us to empower our country to build capacity and generate quality. The National Knowledge Commission was established in this country, keeping this scenario in mind. The National Knowledge Commission, NKC, was constituted in June 2005. Dr. Manmohan Singh, under the chairmanship of Mr. Sam Pitroda, to prepare a blueprint for reform of our knowledge-related institutions and infrastructure which would enable India to meet the knowledge challenges of the future. We must build excellence in the educational system to meet the knowledge challenges of the 21st century and increase India's competitive advantage in fields of knowledge. So they said that we have to make the educational system excellent so that we can face the challenges of knowledge and meet them. The first was to promote the creation of knowledge in science and technology laboratories. Our use of science and technology to create more knowledge, create and improve management of institutions in case of intellectual property rights. When it comes to knowledge, it comes to IPR. So they said that we have to keep IPR safe so that no intellectual property is mined. Then you have to improve knowledge applications in the agricultural industry because development is directly related to agriculture and industry. Then we have to use knowledge capabilities to make government more effective, transparent and accountable. So that more and more people can benefit from this public benefit. These are the terms of reference. So what are the terms of reference? So it has been established. So we have to work in this direction. Now this is a little bit small because I wanted to take three of them together. These are the three recommendations for higher education. Expansion. They are saying that you should increase higher education first. Second, increase excellence. But don't increase quantity, increase quality. That means increase excellence. And third, inclusion. All the individuals who are capable of higher education should get higher education. So we have to study this separately. What was in expansion? What was in excellence? What was in inclusion? I also wrote about expansion. What was in headings? That is how we created many more universities, made many more universities. Changing the system of regulation for higher education. I was also talking about changing the system of regulation for higher education. Increase public spending and diversify sources of finance. That means if you increase it, then the government doesn't have that much money. What will they do? Public funding, private funding, etc. In the same way, in excellence, they said that they will improve the first university. What will they do? They will restructure undergraduate colleges. What else will they do? Increase quality. And what will they do in inclusion? Ensure access for all deserving students. All the students who are deserving should get higher education. And for that, you will have to improve. What was in expansion? Where to create many more universities? They are saying that the higher education system needs a massive expansion of opportunities. They are saying that we need to increase it to around 1500 universities nationwide. How does this huge amount of data become 1500 universities? That is why this commission was a bit far from the foundation. There are many good things about it. But it is not a game to make it 1500 universities. That would enable India to attain a gross enrollment ratio of at least by 15% by 2015. I mean, when it was made between 2007 and 2018, which was our gross enrollment ratio around 13, 12, 13%. So, I said that at least we can do 15% by 2015. We can do it. There are a lot of universities for it. I didn't say it. 15% is a lot. Then, change the system of regulation for higher education. This also means that the present regulatory system is very flawed. There are a lot of flaws in it. So, it is very confusing and overlapping. We need to take grants from it. We need to seek permission from it. They said that the system is over-regulated and under-governed. That means that the regulation is very high and the governance is very low. So, they said that you should make independent regulatory authority for higher education. I-R-A-H-E. Now, the second thing is that there is no follow-up of the National Knowledge Commission. There are no recommendations for it. After that, NEP-20 has come. But, you should know that there was a commission like this. That had said all these things for higher education. So, it was also said that the regulatory system should be made one. We have a lot of regulations here. Make one independent regulatory authority for higher education. What will happen is I-R-A-H-E? It is said that it is established by the Act of Parliament. It will be the same agency that will authorize the degree granting power to higher education institutions. It will set a standard. It will give the authority to the licensing accreditation agencies. They also said that you should redefine the role of UGC. This is the birth of grants. They have to give grants and maintenance of public institutions to higher education. That means that authority should redefine I-R-A-H-E. That is what NKC said. Public spending and diversified sources of financing have been done. They said that the government financing will remain the cornerstone. That means that they will share the major part. But, you should support the government. They said that they will share it on higher education. They have been told that GDP should be given 6% education. We cannot get it. So, they said that you should give 6% to higher education. This would not suffice. If it is not complete, then what should you do? They said that public universities have a lot of untapped resources. They have a lot of resources but do not use it. They have a lot of land. They can use it as a finance. What can they do? It is for universities to decide the level of fees. They are saying that universities will decide fees. But fees should be at least 20% of total expenditure. If it is accepted, then how many fees will increase? Then India should nurture the tradition of philanthropic contributions. Man of Premi, who has a lot of money and wants to do something for the social cause, should take donations from him. Or he should be aware and motivated to give donations. And the alumni contribution should be taken from him. You should take the contribution from him. Private investment should be taken from him. Because the government cannot do it alone. Then they said that 50% of expenses should be taken from him. In case he recommends the creation of 15 national universities that can provide education to the highest standard. They have made so many, but the standard is also very good. So he said that it is very difficult. So he said that at least 10 universities should be built in the next 3 years. In the next 10 years, he said that in a few years, in the next 5 years, the substantial number will increase. So he increased the expansion of the national universities. He came for excellence. He said that before we make new ones, it is necessary that we have to improve them. So he said that how can we be excellent that universities should be required to revise and restructure curricula at least once in 3 years. In the next 3 years, revise the curricula. Not only test the memory, but also test the understanding. There would be internal assessment. So he said that there is a course credit system in which he is talking about CBCS. Then he says that universities should become hub of research. He is also saying that we should take research from the university and increase the research. Only then we will be excellent in our higher education institution. He said that we should make efforts so that we can attract talented faculty members to give them incentive for their performance. Meaning that they are doing well, they are getting good placement in their education. So give them incentive. What else should we do? What is the infrastructure for our teaching learning? Library, laboratory? If everything is improving, then it will be excellent. What else should we do? The need is for smaller universities. The need is for smaller universities. The need is for small universities. The need is for multidisciplinary universities. The need is for standalone universities. But he said that the need is for smaller universities. He said that they should be able to change quickly so that they can be easily managed. So that they can be easily managed. Because he was talking about making a lot of money. Then he said that restructure the undergraduate colleges. He is saying that you should change the system that has been running for 25 years. You are following him. You should change it. He is saying that colleges should be autonomous. Every commission is talking about autonomy. They are saying that they should create a community college and a central board of undergraduate education. They should create a curriculum along with the state board of undergraduate education. They should create examinations. Then they should increase the quality. How will they increase the quality? That we should be accountable for the society. And there should be an expansion. He said that all educational institutions there should be a stringent information disclosure norm. Whatever it is, it should be disclosed. What is the financial situation? What is the physical asset? What is the criteria of admission? What is the position of the faculty? What is the website of the faculty? Everything is known. You should upgrade the infrastructure. You should keep on doing the assessment. You should keep on doing the examinations. It will be good but it is difficult. It is difficult to do. They are saying that they should improve the ICT infrastructure. See, I talked about that. Improve the ICT infrastructure. Apply website and web-based services. And make an appropriate policy so that foreign universities can come to India. Indian institutions can be able to be promoted abroad. They said that the system of higher education should be like this. There is a T-O. There is a diversity in the system of higher education. All the students should be catered. This is one size fits all. You are already understanding the whole class. You should cater for the students. You will be excellent. NKC said this for higher education. Inclusion case All the deserving students should be included. No student has denied the opportunity. No deserving student should be allowed to participate in higher education. It is a financial constraint. You need a blind admission policy. This would make it unlawful for education institutions to take into account any financial factor by deciding whether or not to admit a student. See, he talked so much about financing but he said that if a student is deserving then you should not stop the admission because of money. There must be a well funded national scholarship scheme. There is a national scholarship scheme which is economically underprivileged students. They are educated but socially disadvantaged and economically underprivileged. So include them in your system. There is an affirmative action. What is the right to improve? Reservations are done but they are part and one form of affirmative action. You are giving reservations. Those who are on the basis of caste or social group do not participate in their education. Disparities and educational attainments are related to caste and social groups but are also strongly related to other indicators such as income, gender, region and place of residence. There is a need to develop a meaningful and comprehensive framework that would address the multidimensionality of differences that still persist. They are saying that caste and social groups are the main reasons why they do not have money in their child's house and they do not have a residence. How do they study well? How can they reach the resource? How can they be generalized? How can there be a reason? There are many things for that. We have created such a framework that is meaningful because we have to include all of them. The multidimensionality should have such an inclusive higher education system. As a National Knowledge Commission in 2009 it has been almost 15 years. 15 years ago we were talking about VICS and CBCS we were talking about internal assessment. There are many good things in this commission but there was not much of a follow up. But since it has been here in the past, we should know that this has become a commission in the past. There is no such topic as your course which I did not discuss with you. If you have any doubts please do so. In this way, I have completed your all topics related to higher education. So thank you all and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education. I have done from my side.