 So, in my presentation, I will be talking a bit about what is the need for an integrated planning approach, what are the steps of planning and the recommendation and plan for the Shadamani Sakyanal. I will tell you a bit more about Shadamani Sakyanal. So, yes, everybody is saying this, Alapura is the venice of these, what are the original venice? So, everybody is like why doesn't Alapura become like the original venice? What is the condition of venice? Are we aware of it? Anybody has been to venice? You been to venice? Yes. So, can you tell us a bit more, because this is just secondary data which I have got. How are the canals there? Very dirty. This is an annotation system, which has underground pipes called getholics through these pipes and it is the tidal fluctuations in the venice lagoon which keeps it relatively clean now. But still when it is flooded during Mansoon and all, there are pictures of people actually staying in that water without even realizing that it is actually wastewater. Right? There are photos of people frolicking in the Venetian waters, but unfortunately I don't know whether they do know it, doubted as the aspirational city for canals. However, studies have shown that there is an abundance of E. coli in the waters from unreasonable to 10 days to 4 colony-forming units. And the different strains of E. coli which are found are tens of other pathogens which might be dangerous for human health. So, this is the condition of venice canals. I agree that venice is not the aspiration which we are going through. Is that ok? A model of the perfect canals. Right? Ok. So, how critical is this liquid waste management? So, somebody yesterday mentioned about Belendur lake. Yes. Yes? Happening in Belendur lake, helping of the lakes. Yes. So, in February it caught fire, the lake, the complete lake caught fire. So, why is this happening in Belendur lake? Sorry? Lot of discharge of industrial influence into the lake. Ok. So, BWSSB, are you guys aware of BWSSB? BWSSB is Bangalore water and sea bridge boat, water supply and sea bridge boat. BWSSB. So, they are operating 19 STPs in Bangalore pipeline. So, out of these 19 STPs, treated sewage is reaching the Belendur lake. So, untreated sewage coupled with a small portion of industrial influence that the lake frauds over which is causing this frothing over of the lake. And to manage the septage of sewage which is being generated at households, they pose grave risk otherwise if not managed properly. Data on septic tank coverage in Kerala, 56.69% of households have septic tanks and 21.87% of pit platforms, system is about 14.32%. So, I mentioned yesterday about two cities in Kerala which have sewer network, but still the coverage is very low in those cities. And of the population in Kerala which has centralized sewage network access. In Kerala specifically, there is no sewerage system and the septic tank, the households connected to septic tank is 45% and ventilated and improved pit is 27.24%. These are nothing but lead pits, ventilated pits. Condition service chain. Are you familiar with this picture? Service chain which is happening, foundation service chain. Where and for there is the collection and storage system, conveyance treatment and disposal and reuse. And this is, yes, no. Since alopee does not, we have established that we do not have a centralized sewage network. So, does this work in case of alopee? No conveyance. There is no treatment. There is no disposal or reuse according to this particular diagram. Right? There is, in alopee since there is no centralized network, the service chain cannot be applied in the cities context. And there is a reason why there is no centralized system in alopee. Any of you can guess the reason why a centralized system is not possible in alopee. Space problem. Space problem, yes. Terrain. Terrain. Terrain. Perfect. Flat topography, right? You will have to pump it or else. Right? That costs energy. Venom increases. What else? Is that particular feature about alopee which makes it pretty difficult to have High water table. High water table, exactly. Okay? Space for sewage treatment plant. In fact, alopee is a district where there are no forests. There is no reserve forests. Out of all the districts in Kerala, there are no forest synapses. It is also pretty high. So, imagine that this is even for vegetation. How do you expect running steps here? And steps. I just want to refresh your memory from yesterday's slides. You guys are familiar with the Marcoma Church sub canal, right? Pilot area. The pilot area we talked about. The pilot area which was presented yesterday. Marcoma Church sub canal. Talk about the delineation of water sheds and canal sheds and all. Yes, the concept of canal shed was explained to you. Yes. So, this is the Marcoma Church sub canal. Our objective was to an alternative treatment system to establish during winter school that it is during. It is from sub canals where the maximum pollution is generated and that drains into the main canal. So, it is imperative that yesterday that how salt waste is contributing the pollution in canals. So, now we will be today looking at how liquid waste is contributing to the pollution in the same canals. Like yesterday, the pilot area is the Marcoma Church sub canal. So, there are three wards through which this sub canal is going through. It is Chathanar, Mandatavad and Tonangolmera. The extent of pollution and to how to tackle it, how to come up with alternative strategies to tackle it. There is a need to first study the canal. There is a need to characteristics of the sub canal and the socio-economic characteristics and liquid waste management practice which are appropriate for each households, right? So, these are the three steps which comes under it. And these are our objectives for this particular study. We have election and desk study. We identified some key stakeholders. We evolved a questionnaire. There was an evolution of questionnaire over a period of the past one year almost. And then we collected some primary data and the analysis followed. Maps from the municipality. Catastrophic maps from Vandrum about canals, about households, about different wards. And desk study about the different kinds of septic tanks and soaps which are available in the market today to identify and understand the working, to identify whether septic tank is actually a septic canal tank or not. The different standards associated with it. We have some key stakeholders. If we have to work, we get the support of the councillors there. Yesterday you saw the councillors of Shadamani canal, right? That is the second sub-canal we are taking up. So, initially we had a talk with the councillors from the sub-canal. They came on board and they also agreed to survey and they helped us in data collection and all allied activities. So, there is a socio-economic study, water quality analysis and technical study which we conducted. So, this is how we collected the primary data. So, socio-economic study is ideal of the people who are living there. The class of people, the different practices which they follow, their plot size, how much area they have for alternate systems, if the systems there are found to be problematic. This was done to understand the water quality in case of wells and KW water collection. Ashrad mapping physical features, household level plot mapping. So, we have already talked about delineation of canalsheds, how that was done during the last summer school. So, I have to tell you that this methodology is a combined methodology for data which were collected over the course of the last month. So, there were different phases of data collection. There was the last winter school, there was summer school. There were activities which happened in between the last summer school and winter school. Either or which happened, multiple studies and activities through which we have. Suppose we need to understand the current existing situation, right. There has to be a situation analysis in place before we go ahead with planning and proposing alternate solutions if needed. So, for that study which were as I mentioned earlier, it is the socio-economic study and the technical study. So, the socio-economic study, it was basically a questionnaire based survey. I will be talking a bit more in detail about the questionnaire which we use, the different elements of questionnaire and all. But what we have to understand is that, right now I am sure, we will be having a session about ODK after this. And that really made data collection as well as analysis very, very, very easy. And it was using mobile phones, which is pretty common place nowadays. And it did not involve any paperwork or transferring manual labour in putting the data to Excel or anything. So, that made it very convenient for us. That also helped us in easier analysis of data. It was a technical study. It involved studying the physical character of the canals and outside practices. So, this I will be in the next slide, I will be detailing it out. And the third one was key stakeholder interviews. Aspects of liquid waste management is about fecal sludge management. You have heard a lot about, you know, honey suckers and how they, there is no peace-ludging, yes. But there is no current or disposal option for fecal sludge in the whole of Kerala. Devanahali in Bangalore has an FSTP plan, but Kerala, people are still throwing away, dumping the waste into either water bodies or fields. So, to understand what is happening there, we identified a few stakeholders. So, this part will be a presentation on FSTPs by Parish. So, I will be concentrating on the socio-economic study and the technical study, which are the physical features of the socio-economic character and the practices. And from there, you have certain findings. You can actually propose technical options which are appropriate for each context. And when I say context, I don't mean households. Does it mean that every household needs an alternative solution? There might be situations where you have to take a cluster of households together and propose a solution for them in case of land constraints or, yes, space constraints. There can be community or individual level. In case of community level, this is another exercise we have conducted wherein we have done an identification of beneficiaries. I will be detailing in the next section. Yes, this is about the technical study. Is there any doubt till now? Any questions or anything? Is that clear? Because this is something which you will be doing. So, hopefully it is clear. Yeah, practices. During winter school 2017, several encroachments were identified in the canals. There were liquid waste and solid waste hotspots which were identified in the canals. And the mapping of subcanals and drains happened by using USM. Okay, USM is another application app which can be used for tracking purposes. So, this really helped us in the technical study that happened during the summer school 2018 wherein delineation of canal shared and civil engineering survey was done. So, civil engineering survey is to, firstly, the canals are in a back shape. At least the subcanals, we do know that. And one of the reasons is the sediments which have deposited there, the solid waste which has accumulated there and it has completely altered the canal profile. Right? So, there is a need to measure the length width of the canal. What is the canal profile currently? What should be the canal profile? The corrected canal profile? And then see how much amount of desludging should be done to reach that particular canal profile. Is that clear? Yes? So, it was this onsite sanitation survey in which this survey was conducted only recently around October last, October it was conducted and two rows of households near the canals on the side of the canals they were identified around 200 households were there. Liquid waste also management practices from then. And another thing which was done was we did a household level plot site plan and service plan for all of these households. Just these 200 households. So, students went there, they were given appropriate training by the Kila Research Associates who are with you. They were given training and they went there, they measured the different aspects set back distance from boundary wall to the structure and they made a proper drawing which was later converted into AutoCAD. And now we have 83 drawings of all 200 households. And this will eventually help us in deciding what is the appropriate technology for them. So, that is one data set which we have at our disposal which will aid us in decision making. So, coming to the socio-economic study and the questionnaire which I earlier talked about. So, this questionnaire has been, has been piloted as well as revised many times over. I am now parameters which are there the questionnaire and the relevance of the same and how it will eventually help us in preparing a proposed action plan ok. So, firstly we need the family composition. We need to understand the per capita water consumption of the households in order to design a system yes. So, how do we calculate that? How many people are living? How many people are living yes. But once you get the source of water quantity of water and family composition. How do you calculate the total amount of wastewater which is there? 80 percent. 80 percent of the water gets converted to wastewater. So, that is something which is critical because while designing a system we need to understand the wastewater quantity generated. So, this is a critical data which needs to be collected. The current liquid based disposal practices which are there to identify whether that particular practice is happening properly or we need to retrofit that system. So, for all these things then we were looking first during our winter school I think this was covered yesterday. During our winter school we found that many of the septic tanks which people mentioned were septic tanks were actually so fits. One of the questions is whether the bottom was sealed or not the material which was used for construction, the shape of that septic tank, the number of chambers and. So, usually the septic tank there are three main kinds of septic tank which is there in which is found in our country one is the ring type. So, the middle one is the ring type one which is not actually a septic tank it is a soap wherein you just keep rings on top of each other there is no bottom and then you close it. And this is one question which you will be asking them that what is the sidewall made of is it ring type. The second is the masonry structure which is shown here that is another kind of septic tank it is a mason brick and mortar masonry structure. And the last one is the brief FRP or plastic septic tanks alright these are the different kinds of septic tank which are found and only these two are proper scientific septic tanks. Since it is rings there is a possibility of water leaking from the sides and ends and there is no insulation there is no cementing which has been done. So, ok another question which is of importance is the distance between wall and septic tank and according to Kerala municipality building rules the minimum of 7.5 meter distance should be there between the wall and septic tank. This especially is critical because of the fact that most of the water the groundwater wells tub wells as well as tube wells in Alapura are contaminated we will be looking at the data in some time. The distance between the wells as well as the septic tank is also important and that is also another parameter which was identified. The width of the approach rule to check accessibility in case of installation of the new system the land occupied by the existing system and land which is available for new system and the willingness to install a new system. So, their consent was asked for whether they want a new system to be installed. This is the as you can see these are the survey numbers which are there pretty densely populated but these are pretty much densely populated the number of households which are surveyed were 200 this happened in the most recent survey which happened in October in which I told you that they made site plans and service plans for the households each household. So, this the what the analysis is of that particular survey data. Some of them were not surveyed the total population was found to be 810 and the household size was found to be 4.0 these are the system. The plot says distribution if we see below 3 cents it is almost 21 percent this one below 3 cents is 21 percent 3 to 5 cents is 28 percent 5 to 7 cents 14 percent 7 to 10 cents also 14 percent and above 10 cents 23 percent. You know how much is a cent right? Nobody knows how much anybody who does not know can raise their hands. 40 meter square okay 40 meter square approximately 40 meter square. So, you can you have an idea of the area of the households now colony and people are living there in small small settlements and it is only it is only 3 to 5 cents there household area they using a community toilet though they have individual systems in their place but some of the there is a community toilet also please. And this is an area where individual systems identifying or sorry designing and installation of individual systems would become very difficult as it can below the toilet and there is no place other than that for them. So, we need to go in for a community level system. Profile of the Margaumachal sub canal you can see there are a lot of undulations here and this is the corrected level of the corrected reduced level of the sub canal. So, this is how the canal level should be so that proper flow happens whereas this is how it is currently okay and for this canal level to be achieved almost 948 meter cubes of sludge has to be desilleted and removed from these canals. Now this is the household site and the service plan which was made for the for these 200 households this is the template which was followed who are doing the survey along with you. They have gone to each household in a paper they have collected these details. You know what is the setback what is how much is there a well or where is the septic tank what is the distance between each structure and the service plan also where are the water pipes where is the meter water meter all these details were collected they converted into a yeah. This one okay so you know that canals for proper flow should be a certain canal profile which must be maintained a certain gradient which must be maintained right. Now the problem with the sub canals is that during the course of all these years a lot of soil waste has been deposited a lot of sediments have been deposited a lot of encroachments have been there and that has obstructed the flow right. So for proper flow to be maintained there is a need for desillaging but then how do you understand how much desillaging has to be done that is a question right. So for that there was a levelling survey which was done during the summer school by civil engineering students who understood that which have to be taken out from it it has to be desillected it has to be deslugged. So that is what I said almost 940 meter cubes of sludge deposited at the end of the canal have to be taken out and that process has happened. It has to be treated after taking out. Yes it has to be treated after taking out. In fact it has to be dried and it has to be processed properly yes. So we have a space here for treatment. The question about what are we going to do with the sludge after we take it out. The irrigation department has identified certain, you know that you know like 2 kilometers from here the Kupinad ecosystem starts the Veberad and the Veberad ecosystem is like 1 to 3 meters below sea level and it is a rice growing system and rice is grown like you know by making bunds around the you know shallow backwaters and the water is pumped out and that is how it is built. So these outer bunds need a lot of reinforcement. So they are going to use it for that. But now it is kind of you know they are making concrete bunds and all it is not eco friendly. So that is one of the reasons why the floods happen also. So we are planning to utilize that for that. So you talk to the participants, the government and the government to your design of policy. But what is the specific element in North Africa in which it involves the local community who design the Veberad analysis? It cannot be you know these things cannot be planned with everybody there. And we should be and I told you honestly yesterday that I didn't see any community. I didn't see any citizen. We go out and ask people they won't participate. I was very clear about that yesterday. So that is why we need somebody to kind of trigger this. That is a student citizen who will go and talk with them and you know kind of make them kind of participate in what way. Segregation they should do. You know they should be paying for the use of me. You know that is the kind of participation that we kind of you know. And then of course if there is a polluter the committee should kind of come together and you know kind of tell that. For all that you need kind of very what you call committed two or three people who should be kind of doing that. Otherwise everybody coming is a very romantic concept you know. Deliberative democracy and things like that. So coming from an also designed background we study how participation process works. Through what is the designing policy and these model of the local people in the organization. Somehow ensures the long lasting. So currently the synodic is created because of functional attachment. People hadn't had use of them that's why it started in the UK. So even after the implementation there is no functional attachment to the local community. How we can ensure that it stays that way. Small canals is very difficult to get a utility that way. Small canals. Because you will see that you know. It's actually something like 1 to 3 meters wide you know. It's very difficult to kind of. So the first thing is to not make them raise. That's the first thing. The utility is being made to the big canals. I don't know whether everybody was there when I started the beginning. Last one 1.5 kilometer stretch we are going to have it as a. More heritage area. Where people are the youth in alipay are going to see the utility of the canal. By the tourism future that they have. So one thing is you know a hop in hop out. Board system. Where instead of the auto rickshaw and go on there is currently tourist use. Can you have a hop in hop out. Board system which can actually run through half of the canal at least. Or maybe the full length of the canal also. And that will actually bring an aeration. And you know it will actually kind of you know. Rejuvenate the system also in a way that that's one way. Second on both sides the canal having you know shops and you know. Kind of parks and those kinds of areas. Which will make some kind of a utility of the major canals. But then to make the major canals clean. Minor canals have to be. There's an association between the local community. And if they feel like they there's a ownership in all of theirs. There's a stick in all of them. I have been in this business of participation for the last 20 years. And so with no offense as men. In urban context it's very difficult for people to kind of spontaneously participate. And it's very difficult for utility to be kind of identified everywhere. If you have a plan you are most welcome. We will try it out. But I am not from my experience and my personal experience in alopee. I spent at least kind of maybe more than 100 days in alopee. You know now. And I belong to here also my father's place in alopee. So looking at all that you know working here. I'm not very optimistic that there will be a huge community participation. The community is fragmented into ethnicity. Like caste, class, gender, politics. All these kinds of things. And why should they participate? They have to run for their livelihoods every morning. Otherwise it should be like a very community like the Bangalore case. Where there would be some people who could actually kind of spend their time. I don't see small towns have a Bangalore model also. Or the Sabarmathi community I don't know what it is. So those kinds of things may not work in alopee is what I think. But you are most welcome. If you have any idea. So this is the question which we have asked during summer school. As to how oil and waste is disposed on households. And all the green ones are accepted according to the people. Now when you go to the next slide. You see that when we tested whether there is actually a septic tank or a soap pit. We found that all the green ones which they have listed were actually soap pits. Most of them are plastic. It is FRP. Fibre is most plastic. Okay so coming to black water analysis. Okay so almost 55% of the septic tank. The outfall is to a soap pit. There is no outfall for almost 25% and for 17% the outfall is to the ground. That is the first graph. This is as I said every septic tank it must have an outfall into a soap pit. So that it functions efficiently. Because the outfall it consists of a pretty high VOD effluent. Which is directly released into the ground can contaminate the groundwater. As well as when it reaches the sapkinal it can contaminate the surface water. So this particular graph. This particular map is of the different black water disposal methods which are being used by the people. In the Chathunad area. In the pilot area the Markov-Machod sapkinal. So you can see that most of the people there it is in red. They are using a leach fit for black water disposal. Very few of them are using a septic tank. And only at one place there is a community septic tank. Coming to grey water analysis. You know the grey water directly into the drain. And they admitted to and during our survey. One thing they don't have any idea about how damaging it can be. How much polluting it can be. When we look at the water in the drains more than black water. We find that there are elements of grey water there due to high TSS. The total suspended solids in the water is pretty high. Whereas the BOD is not that much. This was according to a water quality which was done earlier. Now there is high TSS and low BOD that indicates that there might be more black water. Sorry grey water contamination than black water contamination. Only 15.5% people have a leach fit for grey water. The rest of them almost 55 plus 27% they either release it into the drain or to the ground. So grey water remains to be one of the important streams of wastewater flow which have to be restricted. And built in. So again here is the grey water disposal methods. Near by drain you can see that there are a lot of red dots. Well to septic tank distance which we have measured earlier. Now when we couple it with the water quality analysis. We can see that out of the duck wells, out of the whole number of duck wells around 261 of them were tested for water quality. And almost 93% of them had E. coli contamination which is the same in most parts of Kerala. If you look at normal water it is contaminated and it makes sense. There is no septic or sieverage network here. Septic tank effluency eventually finds a place to the groundwater with disease instances. Kerala should be a hotbed of epidemics throughout the year. What was being boiled right? Most of the places where we found these high levels of contamination the people there had one or two cases of dengue or in the past year. I mean we would have expected every year for them to get some sort of diseases. Waterborne diseases at least. Now this is an analysis of the survey. I am asking a question on whether the septic tank has a ventilation pipe or not. If a ventilation pipe is not maintained it can affect the efficiency of the septic tank. And also it can provide to be a problem to the structural integrity of the septic tank. When ventilation pipes they release all the anaerobic the by-products of the anaerobic reaction H2S and methane into the air and not having it might affect the integrity. System for grey and black water is not separated it can again affect the efficiency of the system. Now septic tank one it is always optimal to have low water content in any anaerobic pigment system. Once you dilute it then the process takes quite some days. The settling process will take days. There will be large water flows to be handled. So it is always better to separate the waste streams and then treat them. Size appropriateness again for designing a system as well as maintaining an optimal level. Because there must be an optimal level of sludge in the system for the aerobic digestion process to actually happen. So it is important that the septic tank is size appropriate for that particular household. Yeah the presence of mosquito-proofing can ventilation the pipes they usually have a mosquito-proofing net on top of them. This is just as a public health hazard. This is according to CPHEO but then many of the places we see that these things are not taken care of and ideally they should be in place. Frequency of using toilet cleaners over usage of toilet cleaners like hard pick it may affect the biological degradation process. All these are chemicals which can affect the health of the bacteria and other microorganisms. So these are even the detergents in the grey water for that matter. They contain surfactants and these can affect the cell walls right. They can kill those organisms and it eventually affects again affects the efficiency of transectic water. So that is again one more reason to separate both the black water as well as the grey water streams. Order from the septic tank or each bit operational problems in the system. Especially when there is no n-pipe in place and you have an order from septic tank then it indicates to a leakage and there are households. So below each of them I have stated the result also. There are at least nine houses which have reported this. In the municipal community sorry the Marcoma church can actually and those houses have to be investigated. So these houses have been marked. We have the data about which house has which problem associated with this. Also frequency of using toilet cleaners. There are natural toilet cleaners available. There are toilet cleaners which can be made from or you use citrus roots for that. And salt. Salt is usually ok. And sorry. Yeast. I have heard of baking soda also. Baking soda also. The only problem is that for toilet there is this. Harpik has made that white sanitary you know look of it very aspirational. So if it even dims a little if it becomes a shade darker. We associate that with dirty toilets right. So these cleaners can actually be used in our households. But then they won't give you that particular bleached effect ok yeah. So that is the problem with these natural cleaners. And so that means that there has to be a change in the way it is perceived. In which cleanliness is perceived in the first place for people to accept these natural cleaners. And which I am pretty sure is going to take a lot of time. When we talk of perception change or behavior change. That is not a one day or a one campaign you know process. It takes education to actually change it. So that is a dream which may or may not be possible in our lifetime. But let us at least try to promote natural cleaners. And there might be households which are off. There might be households which don't. So that means that frequency of using toilet cleaners must be reduced at least. So from these all these data which we have. There are two recommendations that we propose. I will tell you about the municipal colony area right. Of dense settlement of you know marginal communities. Who have very less space. And the other households which we have detailed about having. For no proper septic tanks in place. So there are two particular approaches which can be taken. So community level treatment unit for the municipal colony area. Which is in progress right now. And the second is household appropriate technology option for the rest of the households. For all the rest of the households. We do have the site plan service plan. Their current system in place. What is the problem with their current systems. The amount of wastewater which is being generated. All the details about all that. As well as whether they are willing to install a new system or not. So all these data can help us in arriving at a contextual. At having a contextual understanding of the system in place. And also arriving at a technology specific for that particular household.