 Thank you to the conference organizers for the opportunity to present this qualitative work, exploring the risks for urban riff belly fever invasion carried out in Kenya by me, Kelly gherkin and my colleagues listed here. So the riff belly fever virus is a zoonotic virus that can be transmitted by mosquitoes but also directly to humans from infected livestock. And with this current distribution of exposure studies it's been difficult to disentangle the role that consumption and handling of animal products has in transmission. But in a recent community survey at our two urban sites in Kenya, we found risk factors were independent of livestock ownership. And despite riff belly fever spread and introduction being really driven by animal movement, no urban outbreaks have ever been documented. So the main objective of this study was to explore potential pathways of introduction from the perspective of those that were likely experience at first and understand how they perceive their personal risk. We carried out focus group discussions with these high risk groups which included slaughterhouse workers, livestock owners, and those people that purchase blood and animal products directly from the slaughterhouse for urban distribution. In this study generated a ton of data, which is to quickly highlight a few key points. It's still important for livelihoods, but with more of a focus on business opportunity. So there may be some disincentive to report. Animal products are also included in that business opportunity, and are a less expensive way to consume animal protein. Blood was not just used for making sausage but was also consumed by pregnant women and people with low iron raw directly from the slaughterhouse. And then we also found that grazers arrive near our site seasonally coming from hotspots like Kajiado and Gorissa, and some had livestock owners that were already having mitigation efforts in place such as removing ticks from their animals after they grazed with those animals. All of the groups particularly at the slaughterhouse perceived risk of zoonotic transmission to be heavily focused on hygiene, which was perceived as far superior to rural areas, and the vets postmortem exam also made them feel that the animal products and meat must be safe. And then lastly many participants had prior experience with disease mitigation efforts and highlighted that slaughterhouse bands are indeed devastating for them. And then on the coast in the last outbreak they knew that Rift Valley fever was in the county, but wasn't really seen as an urban threat. So in conclusion, we've highlighted that urban risk is different than rural risk so may require different public health messaging and efforts to stop introduction. The high reliance on vets and connection with risk and safety means that we must give rural, give pardon urban vets more tools and diagnostic support, because the current focus on hygiene and the postmortem exam is an opportunity for Rift Valley fever. So we're currently exploring how we may even leverage that gap and test milk and slaughtered animal blood for Rift Valley fever to improve early detection. So thank you so much for listening to my talk, please contact me if you want to hear more.