 The issues which normally as a, especially as a young lawyer or for that matter, this session I can also say, would also help the clerks also to understand which could be the objections which normally the registry as such files. Consequently, we have agreed, as usual, in a lot of webinars we have done along with the legal legal rights group to connect and share the knowledges and just like sunshine dispels everything at it except the best photosynthesis for the flowers to blossom in the best way. The same way if you have good knowledge, you can always spread the knowledge in the right way. And it blooms in the best. And consequently, without taking much time, Mr. Moli as usual has been kind enough to share with us few questions which normally crop up in the mind of a lawyer or a, as I said, paralegal staff to understand that. But before we request Mr. Moli and before we take the questions, we will take one question each, that is by me and my other lecture. Who I can say has been the pillar of strength, which has helped me on law to develop in the right way. We have been taking sessions like she has been doing more where the judicial officers who are preparing the students and the public prosecutor etc. We take those questions and sessions which help them to understand and needless to add the lawyers will always be benefited. Because as they say that if the structure is strong, the superstructure is automatically strong. Therefore, to understand these all aspects, we have requested Mr. Moli. I will ask ma'am Aziz Ashmi to share her insights and then we will start taking questions. Welcome everyone of you on this auspicious day and a special welcome to our faculty, Mr. Shankar Moli sir. Down south, he was very prominent because of beyond law CLC. Sir has become very prominent all over our country and it's a proud moment. And today, a very important topic that do for the practitioners, not only for the lawyers, even practitioners of many years might be having few questions and it was a very good topic selected by my brother Vikas. So I welcome every one of you on behalf of beyond law CLC and legally till the light to this platform. A special welcome to our most respected and beloved Shankar Moli sir. Like the question which you have shared, the first question would be when a suit is said to be instituted? Mr. Moli sir. Yes, sir. We want my answer. Yes. Yes. One second. When a suit is said to be instituted, this is the first question. This topic filing of plaint and curing the defects pointed out to the registry. This is the major problem faced by the practicing advocate. The registry unmindfully returning the plaint on multiple times, even without knowing the power, how many times it can return the plaint. Now the first question, when a suit is said to be instituted? A suit is said to be instituted under order 4, rule 2, unless the plaint is complied with the procedures contemplated under order 6, rule 7 of CPC. So the procedures contemplated under order 6 and order 7 are complied with, then a suit is said to be instituted. This is order 4, rule 2. Next question. Because you can... Next question. Yes, Mr. Ashmi ma'am, you have to unmute yourself. Or I will take the question before she unmute. Yes. The second question for Sir is, distinguish presentation of a plaint and an institution of a suit. Presentation of a plaint means the day on which you are presented the plaint is the presentation of the plaint. It is nothing to do with the institution of the suit. This order 6, rule 7 of CPC and especially order 6 and rule 7 of 2, rule 8. These are known as institutional errors. Suppose at the institution of the suit, if error is committed by the advocate and occurred in the plaint, the registry has got power to return the plaint. Then the advocate appearing for the plaintiff has to queue the defects and answer the queries raised by the registry. So once it is done, then the plaint will be taken on file. Otherwise it is known as valid institution of the plaint. Otherwise unless the suit is registered, unless the plaint is taken on file and the number, voice number, then it will not be termed as institution of the suit. Institution of a suit is different from presentation of a plaint. Presentation of a plaint is the day on which you are presented the plaint. It may be registered or may not be registered. But the suit is set to be instituted when it complies the procedures contemplated under order 6 and order 7. Next question is whether numbering a plaint is a ministerial act or a judicial act? Yes, number of times we have come across how the suit is maintainable. That is the most accustomed return by the registry, how the suit is maintainable. Maintenability of the suit cannot be a ground for return of the plaint. Suppose the suit is presented, the power of the registry is limited only with respect to the compliance of order 6 and order 7. Once it is complied, the registry has no power. When the suit is maintainable, this is often written by the registry. Whether the suit is maintainable or not, it requires some judicial act. Normally return of a plaint is the ministerial act. It is not a judicial act. But so far as the maintainability of the suit is concerned, unless the suit is expressly barred or the cognizance of the suit is barred expressly by a statue, then only the registry has got power to post the matter for maintainability of the suit. Otherwise, all the returns are only a ministerial act or not a judicial act. The next question, whether a plaint can be rejected before the same is registered, sir? Yes, suppose once the plaint is registered, then YS number will be given. After the registration of the plaint check, someone will be sent to the defendant. Asking the calling upon the defendant to answer the claim of the plaintiff. That is the very object of issuing summons to the defendant. The court has got power on its own motion or on the application made by the defendant to reject the plaint under order 7 rule 11. So normally we are all under the impression only the plaint is registered and taken on file, the plaint can be rejected under order 7 rule 11. Order 7 rule 11 need to postulate some of the grounds to reject the plaint, improper valuation under the insufficient court piece, on the failure to pay the court piece, on failure to correct the valuation if it is not filed in duplicate plaint and from the governments in the plaint, if it appears that the suit is barred by any statue, these are all certain grounds to reject the plaint. So the word rejection of plaint under 7 rule 11 gives an impression only the plaint is registered and taken on file that the defendant has got power to reject the plaint. But in some cases, in exceptional cases, suppose the plaint is not taken on file, the plaint is returned stating how the suit is maintained. Suppose the court is bound to hear the argument of the plaint if the suit is maintainable or not. Suppose the court is not convinced, then it can order notice to the defendant. Once notice to the defendant, free registration stage is issued, then the court is bound to hear both the plaintiff and the defendant. So if the court is convinced that the suit is not maintainable, then it can reject the plaint even before its registration. So the only exception normally, the plaint can only be rejected after the plaint is taken on file and registered. And in some exceptional cases, when the case is posted for maintainability, then it is the judicial act. It is not a ministry act because the court is going to give a verdict on the maintainability of the suit. So then it assumes the role of the court as a judicial act. So once the court issued notice to the defendant before the registration of the plaint and after hearing the defendant, it may or may not reject the plaint. So the plaint can also be rejected even before its registration. Next question. The next question is, how many times the plaint can be returned? The Supreme Court now said, the plaint can only, suppose all the defects pointed out by the registry, whether it complies order 6 or 7, it is the duty of the registry to point out the mistake or the defects found in the plaint. Only one time it can return the plaint. Once the plaint is represented, once the plaint is represented, after complying all the defects pointed out by the registry, there are two options. One is that the plaint has to be taken on file. And R, if the court is not convinced with the representation of the plaint, it may post the matter in open court and hear the argument and decide the matter. So there is no, the registry has no power to return the plaint on multiple times. It can only return the plaint only one time and if the plaint is duty represented and if the representation is convincing, then the plaint will be taken on file and it will be registered. If it is not convincing, the case will be posted in the open court. It is for the duty of the court to hear the applicant appearing for the plaint regarding the complaints of the return. Next question. Thank you, sir. The next question is, what are all the institutional errors? Yes, institutional errors. Before your plaint is registered, before your plaint is registered, the registry has got power to return the plaint. Under what to know, the plaint can be registered. And the conjoined reading of order 6 and order 7 postulates the jurisdiction, court fees, valuation, address of the defendant or plaintiff, and the limitation, what are all stated under order 6 and order 7, rule 8. If it is not complied with, this is known as institutional errors. Unless the institutional errors are rectified by the plaint, the plaint will not be taken on file. So, the institutional errors are those which are occurring in order 6, order 6, rule 18, and order 7, rule 128. Yes, my next question. Yeah. Whether the plaint can be returned for improper valuation of a suit? Yes. Order 7, rule 1. Order 7, rule 1, class small i. Contemplates, the plaint shall contain a statement of the value of the subject matter of the suit, for the purpose of jurisdiction and of court fees, so far as the case admits. So, the very object of valuing the subject matter of the suit is to find out which court has got jurisdiction to enter the suit number one. And also to find out what would be the proper court fees payable on the plaint, only for that purpose the plaint requires proper valuation of the subject matter. The subject matter is not properly valued, or if it is improperly valued, then the registry has got power to return the plaint on the ground. The plaint is improperly valued, correct the valuation and return the plaint. Sir, the next question is, state the procedures for admitting a plaint. Yeah. Well, I stress this word part, please repeat together. Next question is slightly different. State the procedures for for admitting a plaint. Yes. Part of all the procedures should be followed before admitting the plaint. Before admitting the plaint, repeatedly I am telling you, the grounds for admitting the plaint are compliance of the procedures contemplated under order 6, rule 18, under order 7, rule 8. Once the institutional errors are rectified or cued, so these are all the procedures for admitting the plaint. After this question, then I will take one by one, what are all the institutional errors, how it can be rectified. So, procedures for admitting the plaint is to the compliance of the procedures contemplated under order 6, rule 18 and order 6, order 7, rule 8. Next question. State the procedures on admitting a plaint. On admitting a plaint. Here, once the plaint is admitted, so we have seen the procedures for admission of the plaint. Now, we have to see, after admission procedure on admitting the plaint, once the plaint is taken on file, once it is registered, then under order 7, rule 9. On admission of the plaint, the court shall issue someone to the defendant to answer the claim of the plaintiff. So, procedure on admission of the plaintiff to issue someone to the defendant, that is order 6, order 7, rule 9. Thank you, sir. The next question. Whether the payment of court fees can be raised as a preliminary issue? Yes. This is very, very important topic. Even the advocate practicing more than 20 years or 30 years, I cannot answer this question immediately. This is because CPC has been admitted in 1976, whereby order 14, rule 2 was inserted. It postulates a preliminary issue can only be raised on only on a pure kozinafla. That kozinafla must be relating to the jurisdiction of the court. You are all aware, payment of court fees is a mixed kozinafla on fact. It is not a pure kozinafla. Payment of court fees is a mixed kozinafla on fact. It cannot be decided as a preliminary issue by virtue of order 14, rule 2. Because CPC says only pure kozinafla, that too relating to jurisdiction alone, can be raised as a preliminary issue. Otherwise, no kozinafla can be framed as a preliminary issue other than the jurisdiction. Alright. As I said earlier, payment of court fees is a mixed kozinafla on fact. Can it be framed as a preliminary issue, whether the plaintiff has paid the proper court fees, whether the plaintiff contains the proper, whether the sufficient stamp duty has been affixed on the plaintiff? So, in Tamil Nadu, they are having one provision, section 12. Section 12 empowers the court and as well as the defendant to file an application on the ground that the subject matter of the suit is improperly valued. And the stamp duty has been insufficiently affixed. So, that can be decided as a preliminary issue. Under section 12, it clearly states, before registering a plaintiff, the word employed is before registering a plaintiff and before the first hearing of the case. First hearing of the case, immediately after the framing of this, before registering the plaintiff. So, a heavy duty is caused upon the registry, whether proper court fee is paid by the plaintiff or not. Before registering, before registering the plaintiff, because section is very clear. So, once an application is filed under section 12 of the Tamil Nadu Court Fee and Truth Valuation Act, requesting the court to frame a preliminary issue with regard to the payment of court fees. Quite naturally, it can be agitated by the plaintiff on the ground that the issue as to the court fees is not yet pure Cousin of Law. It being a mixed Cousin of Law, it cannot be tried as a preliminary issue. And the plaintiff say that civil procedure court being the central enactment, it debuts the court to frame preliminary issue other than the issue on jurisdiction. So, the Cousin of Law, the payment of court fees is not a Cousin of Law, it cannot be tried as a preliminary issue. He can invoke order 1422. And he may say, this Tamil Nadu Court Fee and Truth Valuation Act is a state legislation. When there is a conflict between the central legislation and the state legislation, the central act alone will provide. So, it can overwrite the state legislation. It would be the counter to be filed by the plaintiff to the petition filed by the defendant for the framing of preliminary issue as to proper court fees. No doubt when there is a conflict between the central act and the state act, the central act alone will prevail according to Article 254 of the Constitution of India. But at the same time, Article 254 subclass too. When the state legislation was assented by the President of India, normally all the state act will get the assent from the governor. But there are some occasions that the president may assent the state legislation. In delicate matter, the president has given assent. Once the state legislation is assented by the president of India, then the state act will prevail over the central act. The state act will prevail over the central act. Normally, when there is an inconsistency between the central act and the state act, to the extent of inconsistency, the central act will prevail. That is Article 254 subclass 1. But once the state legislation was assented by the president of India, then the state legislation is always known as special state law, special state legislation. This is because generally, it is especially best non-direct. Special enactment overrides the general enactment. So, viewing from the points of Article 254 subclass 2, even though the issue as to the court piece is not a pure cuisine of law, and even if it cannot be tried as a preliminary issue because it is not a pure cuisine of law, even then, since the special act was assented by the president of India, it definitely overrides the civil procedure court and the court has got every preliminary of powers to frame whether the proper court piece made by the plaintiff. So, as far as Tamil Nadu is concerned, before registration of plaintiff, before registration of plaintiff, the registry has got power to return the plaintiff requesting the plaintiff to pay the proper court fee. Suppose, some guy or other, if the plaintiff is maneuvered to be registered, then the defendant has got power. He has entitled to file an application under Section 122 to raise the preliminary issue that whether the co-payment of court piece is in consonance with the court piece act or not. Next, we want to see some rulings of citations. Full bench decision on reference reported in 2012 by CTC page 705. Full bench decision on reference 2012 by CTC page... I will cite it. SNS Sugumaran versus C Thangamuttu. SNS Sugumaran versus C Thangamuttu. Sorry, not full bench. First bench decision on reference 2012. Division bench judgment 2012 by CTC page 705. Next question, power. Yes. Yes, all questions have been taken up. Now, access to justice, whether it is a fundamental right or not. Access to justice, whether it is a fundamental right or not. Access to justice is a fundamental right as ensured under Article 21 of the Constitution of India, 2016, 8 SCC page 509. Anitha Kushava versus Pushkha Sudhana. All right. Once the registry is repeatedly retaining your place, causing obstruction to the... obstructing you from accessing to justice. Is it permissible? How many times the plane can be returned? Access to justice is a fundamental right. When your substantial right is infringed, you can approach the competent civil court for address. But the registry is not allowing you to get justice. Repeatedly, it is retaining your plane, some go or other. There is no command, there is no full stop, whatever it may be. What is the right available to the party agreed? For that, the Supreme Court in Ganga Bay versus Vijay Kumar, 1974, 2 SCC page 393. Ganga Bay versus Vijay Kumar, 1974, 2 SCC page 393. If the plane may be vexatious, even if the plane is filed on frivolous ground, even if the frivolous claim is paid for, you register the plane to take the plane on file and issue notice. Provided, unless the cognizance of the court is expressly or implicitly barred by any statute. So on the ground that you are abusing the process of law and filed the suit, I will not take your plane on file. That cannot be done. The registry has no authority to return the plane on the ground that the plane is abusing the process of law or frivolous claim. What has to be seen, whether the cognizance of the suit is either or implicitly barred by any statute. If any express bar, if any total lack of competency of the civil court to entertain the suit, then the plane may not be registered. Otherwise, you register the plane and issue notice. There is inherent right in every person to bring suit of a civil nature and unless the suit is barred by statute, one may advance for ill, bring a suit of one's choice. It is no answer to a suit, how so ever frivolous the claim that the law confers no such right to sue. A suit for its maintainability, I stress this word, a suit for its maintainability requires no authority of law and it is enough that no statute bars the suit. Now, let us see one by one, what are all the institutional errors. Under what ground the registry can return the planes and how to give the defects pointed out by the registry. Now, let us see first order 7, sorry order 4. Order 4, order 4, every suit shall be instituted by presenting a plane. So, the suit shall be instituted by via presenting the plane. Now in duplicate, to the court or such office as it applies, rule 2 is of greater significance. Every plane shall comply with the rules contained in order 6, rule 7 as far as they are applicable. Order 3, the plane shall not be instituted as it complies with the requirements specified in sub-rules 1 and 2. So, when your suit is instituted, when it complies the procedures contemplated under order 6 under order 7, what order 6 says, let us see, rule wise. Order 6, you are all aware, pleading means both planes tend to return statement. And order 2, your plane must contain only the material facts and not the evidence. Suppose your plane contains the evidence, both oral or documentary evidence says, your plane can be written as it is not confirming the rule 2 of order 6. So, each and every plane must contain the material facts and not the evidence. What is the purpose of stating the material facts? The material facts empower the plaintiff, the right to sue occurs on the right to sue of the plaintiff. Then forms of pleading. For each and every suit, the legal requirement, namely the pleadings, the statutory pleadings must be pleaded. It is in Appendix A, it is in Appendix A. So, the plaint must be in consonants with the Appendix A. For example, if you want to find a suit for specific performance, then you have to refer form 47. Form 47 in Appendix A says, in a suit for specific performance, the plaintiff must plead that he is or has been or is always ready and willing to perform his part upon it. For each and every nature of suit, there is forms. The pleadings contained in the form must be stated in your flight, otherwise the plane can be returned because it is not in consonants with the Appendix A of CPC. So, for all mortgage suit, for declarations suit, whatever may be, what are the pleadings to be stated? It is in Appendix A, Appendix A. And Appendix A contains form A2, form 1 to form 49. And as well as because pleading includes written statement. So, the defendant is also bound to state the pleadings as mentioned in Appendix A. So, written statement, what are all the pleadings to be stated by the defendant? That is in Appendix A also. There are forms. So, you have to see the forms in Appendix A and file the flight or written statement as the case may be. That is order 6, rule 3. If it is not in consonants with Appendix A, the registry has got power to return your flight. And particulars to be given where necessary. Of this order 6, this rule 4 is of greater significance because when your plane contains the plea of fraud, misrepresentation undo influence, then it must contain the details of such fraud, misrepresentation, rich of trust will be defaulted. This is because the person who takes the plea of fraud, the Badana proof is on whom to prove the same. Suppose the defendant takes the plea of fraud, the plaintiff kept quiet. It is the bound and duty of the defendant to prove the case. The Badana proof is on him. So, that is why whenever your plaint or written statement contains the pleading as to fraud, misrepresentation, willful default, undo influence, rich of trust, it must state all the incidents leading to the fraud. Misrepresentation, willful default as the case may be. If the particular has to fraud, misrepresentation, willful default are not stated in your plane, then your plane will be returned for compliance. Order 5, so rule 5 was deleted. Then order 6, Conditioned President. When a thing is considered as a Conditioned President by the parties, the performance or occurrence of which is intended to be contested, it shall be distinctly specified in the pleadings, either by the plaintiff or defendant. Suppose say for example, in a super specific performance, there is a clause, condition in the agreement that the time is the essence of the contract. Time is the essence of the contract. Normally, time may not be the essence of the contract in respect of immoral property. That is the well-nigh principles of law. But once a party is to the agreement, consider the time is the essence of the contract, then by virtue of section 55 of contract track, the performance must be within the stipulated time. Otherwise, it isifiable adoption of the other party. And order 6, rule 7, you go file to the plaintiff, your plaintiff is containing some agreements. Later, you cannot introduce new cause of action or pleading, pleading which is different from the original pleadings. So there cannot be any departure of your pleadings. If you want to introduce new cause of action, if you want to state something, the same shall be only by way of amendment and otherwise not. This is order 6, rule 7. Then order 6, rule 8, denial of contract. So when a suit is based on their contract, the defendant cannot deny, he cannot deny evasively that there is no agreement at all, there is no contract at all. He must state there cannot be any evasive denial. There must be specific denial. There must be a point of substance to the core issue involved. So the defendant has to state specifically with respect to the denial of contract. Normally the plaintiff does not require the documents to be filed, to refer the documents on which your claim is based. But whenever a document is considered as material, then the material aspect of the document has to be stated in your client. Maly's knowledge has in the case of fraud, misrepresentation, anti-influence. Wherever it is material to allege Maly's fraudulent intention, knowledge, or other conditions of the kind of any person, it shall be sufficiently stated. And order 6, rule 11, notice. Wherever it is material to allege, notice to any person of any facts, matter or thing, it shall be sufficient to allege such a notice. Implied contract or relation. When there is a implied contract, by necessary implication the same has to be stated. Then pleadings. The pleadings shall be signed by whom? The pleadings shall be signed by the party and advocate if any. When the party engaged any advocate, then both the party and the advocate have to sign the plaint. But in the case of appeal, this is order 6, rule 14. But in the case of appeal, order 41, either the appellant or the council may sign the grounds of appeal. There is no need that both have to sign. But in the case of plaint, whenever party engages an advocate, both the party and the advocate have to sign the pleadings. It may be, it may be plieplined or written stated. And this is an amended rule. This rule was inserted. Order 6, rule 14, A. This is both the plaintive or defendant are supposed to give the exact address. The exact address will be registered. Otherwise it is known as a registered address of the plaintiff or defendant. Suppose the plaintiff furnishes incorrect address of the defendant. As per this order 6, rule 14, A, the court may stay all further proceedings unless correct address of the defendant is furnished by the defendant. As in the case of the defendant, suppose defendant may take the plea of counterclaim or a set up. If he furnishes the wrong address of the plaintiff, then the court has got power to strike off the defense of the defendant. So both the parties to the suit, whether he is a plaintiff or defendant are expected to furnish the detailed address, correct address of their opponent. It is known as registered office. Whenever address is changed, it is about to do the other parties to inform the correct address. Suppose if the improper address is given in the plaintiff, improper address. So what would be the correct address? Shankar Murali, son of Shanmugam, door number 7, 10th cross, Thillai Nagar, Thirucharapalli. So my name is there, my father name is there, my door number is there, my street name is there. Suppose if any address is given like this, Shankar Murali, son of not known Thillai Nagar, Thirucharapalli. In Thillai Nagar there are so many crosses from 1st cross to 10th cross. So this is an insufficient address. If the plaintiff contains insufficient address, then the registered has got power to return the plaintiff to furnish the correct address of the defendant. And order 6 rule 15, verification of pleadings. Every pleadings shall be verified by the plaintiff, verified by the plaintiff. That is why verification, we have state that I, the plaintiff who hereby declare that the facts stated in paragraph 1, 2, 5 or 15 as a case may be in the plaintiff are all true to the best of my knowledge and belief and information. And I signed this on such and such date at place. So unless the plaintiff is verified by the plaintiff, the registered has got power to return the plaintiff and order 6 rule 16, striking of pleadings. So the pleadings must still state consciously, briefly, the material facts and not the law. Suppose any unwanted or unwarranted pleadings are stated by the plaintiff which are not at all determined to the court issue to be adjudicated by the court. Then those are pleadings which are not warranted, which are not wanted or scandalous or prejudice or empress the delay of a fact prior then the court has got power to strike out those pleadings. Striking of plaintiff, it may be Shri Omotto or an application by the other party. So if any unwanted unwarranted pleadings are mentioned in your plaintiff, then the registered has got power to return the plaintiff to strike out those pleadings which are not pertinent to the court issue involved in this case. Then amendment of pleadings, amendment of pleadings. Normally, once a plaintiff filed and registered, it can be amended on certain grounds. Before this amendment 2002, once the amendment is filed, the plaintiff has to amend the plaintiff and the amendment shall not inconsistent with the original pleadings taken by him. The pleadings which are destructive with the original pleadings shall not be allowed to be amended. You cannot introduce new cause of action by way of amendment. Amendment is a vast subject. I have already taken the subject before the illegal elite. Due to the paucity of time, I am confining my lectures with reference to certain important aspect of amendment. After this 2002 amendment, once the trial is commenced, only with the leave of the court, you can amend the plaintiff and not otherwise. Commencement of trial once a substantial portion of evidence is recorded. Without the leave of the court, you cannot amend the plaintiff. Once amendment is allowed, when it takes effect, whether it takes effect from the date of presentation of the plaintiff or from the date on which the plaintiff was ordered to be amended. Normally, once amendment is allowed by the court, it relates back to the date of presentation of the plaintiff. But in some times, the court has got power. After ordering to amend the plaintiff, this amendment will take effect from the date of order to amend the plaintiff. Once the plaintiff is amended, the same has to be properly corrected in the plaintiff. If any time limit is given, you have to amend the plaintiff in the original plaintiff. If no time limit is given, you are expected to amend the plaintiff within a period of 14 days. If no such steps are taken to amend the plaintiff within the stipulated time or within 14 days from the date of order allowing to amend the plaintiff, then the amendment will not take effect. That is order 6, rule 18. So please keep it in mind. Whenever any DVS is made, whenever the plaintiff does not comply with the procedures contemplated under order 6, rule 1, 2, rule 18, then the registry has got every right to return your client for the compliance of the effects pointed out by it. Then, coming to order 7. Rule 1, what are all the particulars to be contained in your client? This is a very simple question. But when we see its intricacy, it requires a lot of study. The plaint must state the court in which the suit is brought, whether it is Munciec court or sub-court district court. What is the purpose of stating the jurisdiction of the court? The name of the court, whether the court has got territorial jurisdiction or pecuniary jurisdiction, planetary jurisdiction. Only for that purpose you have to state the name of the court. Another one, the name, description and the place of residence of the plaintiff. Because we have seen order 6, rule 14A, the plaintiff has to give his correct address. If the address is changed subsequently, he is bound to give the correct address. This is for what? Because the plaintiff has not been represented by any advocate and the court has to send notice to the plaintiff's address. If the advocate is engaged in subsequently, he said, I have no instruction. Notice may be sent to the plaintiff. So whenever correct address is punished by the plaintiff, he has to facilitate the court to inform the further proceedings and the exact, correct, proper address of the parties are necessary. Similarly, the name, description and address of the defendant. And whether the plaintiff or defendant or minors are a person of one's own mind, a statement to the defendant is a minor. He can very well be represented by next friend or guardian. At very important, the facts constituting the cause of action and many others. This is very, very important. What is the cause of action? When you divide the cause of action, cause plus action. The cause arose for the action. Cause of action is nothing but a bundle of events. Bundle of events. So it meets a chain. Each and every facts, each and every event constituting the cause of action has to be stated in your point. And you must specifically state the date on which the cause of action arose for the suit. So for example, in a suit for specific performance, when a cause of action is said to be arose, the participants, those who are all aware of the same, they can put it in each other's. In a suit for specific performance, when the cause of action is said to be arose. Not from the date of the agreements. And not from the date when the plaintiff expresses his readiness and willingness. And not from the date when the plaintiff issued his notice expressing his readiness and willingness to perform his part of contract. And not from the date when the defendant received the plaintiff's advocate. Cause of action arose. The moment the defendant's Indian notice refused to perform his part of contract, that gives the plaintiff to institute a suit against him. If any no reply is given, if the plaintiff's advocate notice alone is acknowledged by the defendant without sending any notice, then the date of acknowledgement gives rise to this to file a case against the defendant. So, in your point, you must state all the bundle of agreements constituting the cause of action. And you must specifically state the date on which the cause of action arose for the suit to file this case against the defendant. And the fact showing that the court has got jurisdiction. So here, it comes to the maintainability order 7, rule 1, F. Normally, it is not the duty of the court, not the duty of the registry whether the suit is maintainable or not. It is for the defendant to raise all those three in his written state practice. But the maintainability of the suit is pertaining to the jurisdiction of the court. Then the registry has got power to return your plaintiff by returning the same how the suit is maintainable for want of jurisdiction. That is the only exceptions given to the registry. The registry cannot take the judicial act. The registry is expected to act only ministry act before registering and numbering the plaintiff. Even though it was signed by the presiding officer while returning the plaintiff, normally it is a duty of the registry. It is a ministry act. But once the issue as to the maintainability suit on the ground of jurisdiction, then the registry has got power to return your plaintiff and the relief which the plaintiff claims. So the registry must be very, very screw-less, diligent. What are all the relief that is sought for, that is claimed by the plaintiff? Suppose the entire plaintiff is based on the sale agreement, but the relief claimed is only injunction and not the specific performance. Can the plaintiff return requesting the calling upon the plaintiff to file a suit for specific performance? It is not the duty of the registry to return the plaintiff on the court. It is the very good defense available to the defendant. It is a very good defense available to the defendant. And in every case, this remedy is available to the plaintiff. The injunction suit is not maintainable by which part of section 41, which is the specific relief claim. Registry power is very, very limited. You have to see whether the proper address of the plaintiff is given, the defendant is given, the jurisdiction is stated, any one of the plaintiff or defendant is a minor or a person of unknown mind. And whether the plaintiff is allowed to set up or relinquished a portion of his claim, the amount so allowed and relinquished shall be stated in one night. And last one has already pointed out the valuation of the subject matter of the suit. The valuation of the subject matter of the suit is for the purpose of finding out the jurisdiction of the court, namely both territorial and pecuniary. Under the payment of court piece, payable architecture. So this is the rationale. This is the reasons behind the valuation of the subject matter. So order 7, rule 1. If there are nine grounds, if anyone is not properly stated, then the registry has got power to return your point. Then order 7, rule 2. Order 7, rule 2. Order 7, rule 2. In a money suit, if the suit is based on, if the suit is for money, the amount so claimed must be specifically stated. If your suit is based on the promissory note, you must state the principle of it, exact principle of it. But in the case of mean profit and unsettled accounts, suppose the suit is for dissolution of partnership under an additional account by the one partner against the managing partner, he cannot in a position to ascertain the exact account. So he can see only on the unsettled account. In a mean profit, it cannot be decided initially. Mean profit can only be decided by which of the power under order 20, rule 12 of 6. In the date of suit, when the possession of the defendant becomes unlawful and when the delivery was taken, so from the date of claim and to the date of taking delivery of the property, what are all the profits earned by the defendant that can only be decided in an inquiry under the application filed under order 20, rule 12. So under those circumstances, the plaintiff is expected to state the tentative value. Then order 7, rule 3. But the subject matter of the suit is immobile property. I have seen one question from the Delhi Law University. What is the object for giving proper description of the immobile property in the association? So order 7, rule 3 states where the subject matter of the suit is immobile property, the plaintiff shall contain a description of the property sufficient to identify and in case such property can be identified by boundaries or numbers. So you have to state the survey number, part number, block number and four boundaries of the property for what purpose? Suppose the suit is for recovery of possession. If any improper or incorrect address is given in the description of property, how the degree will be executed? Suppose the address is given like this, Tom Chandanlal, son not known. There is no door number, street number is no street number, village, some village from Thaluk district. Can the property be identified? So for proper execution of the degree that may be passed in your suit where the plaintiff must contain the proper description of the subject matter and it is immobile property, otherwise no execution is possible. Then order 7, rule 4, then the plaintiff chooses representative. If any representative suit is filed, you are all aware I have to file an application to order 1, rule 8, seeking permission of the court to sue as representative capacity. Then the plaintiff must state the actually existing interest in the subject matter and the steps taken by him to institute the suit. So normally when we are filing a representative suit, ignoring this provision, order 7, rule 4 and mindfully, we are not at all stated the actual interest of the plaintiff and the actual steps taken by the plaintiff to institute the suit. So if it is not stated in your plaintiff and the registry has got power to return your plaintiff, you go file to the representative suit, but you have not stated the actual interest of the plaintiff in your plaintiff and you have not stated the actual steps taken by the plaintiff before instituting the suit. So it must be stated. Then order 7, rule 5, dependence, interest and reliability. So you cannot file a suit against the time taken carry. When you intend to file a suit against some X, you must state the reason for arraigning him as your opponent in the case. He may be your neighbor, he may be a stranger and he may be co-sharer or he may be co-owner or he may be the encroacher. You must state the interest of the defendant in your suit for possession. You can state that the defendant has no title of the property. He has no right over the property. This is pursuit property is fine and he has encroached the property illegally. I have already issued a notice. So the plaintiff is an encroacher, trespasser. He is liable to a kid and deliver the vacant vehicle first on the property. If you want to file a suit for partition, you have to state that the defendant is your brother or sister. They are refused to pass the property by needs and bounds. So likewise, the plaintiff is expected to state the defendant's interest in the case and the grounds are exempted from limitation law. So for filing suit, a particular period is prescribed another limitation act. If any suit is filed after the expiry of the limitation period, the suit shall be dismissed whether or not a defendant has taken the plea of limitation law because it is a bound and duty of the court to see that the plaintiff, that the plaintiff has been filed within the time stipulated under the limitation act. If the suit is filed after the expiry of the period in the limitation act, then it has to dismiss the suit. But there are certain exceptions. The plaintiff can claim some exceptions to file the suit even after the expiry of the limitation period contemplating the limitation act. For example, section 12, 13, 14 and 15, if we institute a suit before the wrong forum, the period of pendency that can be excluded after getting permit leave from the court and the disability. So there are certain exceptions. So when you want to claim exemption of limitation, then your plaintiff must contain the grounds of exemption. When there is no grounds of exemptions are stated in your claim, then the registry has got every power to retain the plaintiff. And relief should be specifically stated. Can you file a suit? This is my case. I request this court to pass appropriate relief in my favour. For all the specific relief, if you want to file a suit for specific performance, you can ask for the specific performance of the sale agreement. In addition to the specific performance, you can also ask for possession. And you can also ask for partition if the subject matter is an undivided property. Or alternately you can ask for refund of the earnest money. So your prior must be specific and in consonance with the pleadings. So it is the duty of the court to see what are all the pleadings in the claim and what are all the reliefs. Whether the relief is in consonance with the pleadings, yes, it will be numbered. If any relief is asked for beyond your pleadings, the registry will not allow you to register the plate when it will be returned. And sometimes the plaintiff may file an application order to rule 2, subclass 3, seeking leave of the court to seek the further relief before a competent court of law has admin occasion arises. Unless such permission is granted, the plaintiff cannot institute a suit subsequently seeking the relief which are already omitted by him. So that is the very object of order 2, rule 2, subclass 3 of CPC. Then lastly, order 7, rule 8. Relief founded on separate grounds. So when the relief is founded on separate grounds, you must state the grounds on which the relief is asked for. So these are all known as institutional errors, institutional mistakes. Only from order 6, rule 1 to rule 18, order 7, rule 1 to order right, the registry has got right to return your points. Otherwise not. Then the next section as the order is order 7, rule 9. Order 7, rule 9, the word employee, where the court orders that the summons be served on the defendant in the manner provided in rule 9 of order 5, it will direct the plaintiff to present as many copies of the plaint on plaint paper as they are dependent within 7 days from the date of such order along with the requisite for service of someone on the defendant. The opening word is order 7, rule 9, procedure on admitting points. Prior to that procedure for admitting the plaint. So after rule 18, order 7, once the plaint is admitted, the next step is to issue someone to the defendant to answer the claim of the plaintiff. So it's only a ministry act. Only one time alone the registry has got power to return your plaint. Once the plaint is represented after complying all the defects pointed out by the registry, it is for the registry either to register the plaint or to post the matter before the open court. And it is for the advocate appearing for the plaintiff to address the court that in spite of the return, these are all the points that I have queued the defects already pointed out by the registry. Then it is for the court to register the plaint. But whenever the return is pertaining to the maintainability of the suit, then judicial acts comes in. Unless the cognizance of his suit subject matter of the suit is expressly or implicitly barred, the plaint will not be certified, it will not be registered. So because access to justice is a fundamental right, guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. By returning the plaint on multiple times, it abstracts your right to access the justice. So and let us see. And the registry should not act as a defendant. He's not a spokesman of the defendant. Whether the plaintiff has got right to sue once the plaint contained that he has got right to sue, it's enough. Then whether the plaintiff has got right to sue or not, it is for the defendant to recover the issue subsequently. So the return on the ground of right to sue, cause of action, once cause of action is treated, it's enough. When there is no cause of action, when the plaint did not disclose any cause of action at all, or when the defendant has no, the plaintiff has no cause of action to institute the suit against the defendant. And the genealogy of parties, relationship of parties, rights and labels of parties cannot be down for return. Regarding the distinction between presentation of the plaint and the institution of his suit, Kelly takedown 2013, one law weekly page 385. Olympic Cards Limited versus Standard Chartered Bank. Olympic Cards Limited versus Standard Chartered Bank 2013, one law weekly 385. And numbering a plaint is only a ministerial act. Part of the proposition is takedown P. Surendran versus State by Inspector of Police, 2019, Nayan ACC, page 154. P. Surendran versus State of Inspector of Police, 2019, Nayan ACC, page 154. And regarding the plaint can be rejected even before its registration. Part of that proposition, Kelly takedown 2018, volume 14, ACC, page 1. Madi Raju Venkata Ramana Raju versus Peddy Redigari Ramachandra Reddy. Madi Raju Venkata Ramana Raju versus Peddy Redigari Ramachandra Reddy, 2018, 14, ACC, page 1. For the same proposal, recently one case is reported in law weekly. In that case, I was appointed as an amicus puri. I will post the judgment. So these are all the main points relating to filing a plaint. I am including the defense pointed out by registry while returning the plaint. Vikas ji. Yes. May we go for question? Yeah, yeah. I will. I think there are 30 questions in chat box. No, no. They are not all questions. Few were when you had posted that question when the cause of action would arise. Whether the maintainability of suit can be challenged after it was directed to be registered as a commercial suit? Pardon? Whether maintainability of suit can be challenged after it was directed to be registered as a commercial suit? Yes, yes. That is why I have given some supreme judgment. Even before registering the plaint, it can regarding the maintainability suit, it can be returned. Armstrong. Whether amendment can be filed and allowed in respect of a survey number and boundaries after decree and during execution proceedings. That's very good proceeding. Amendment can be made even at the appellate stage provided when the description of property, even when the plaint is capable of identifying the subject matter of the case. Then by giving the survey number extended under the four boundaries, amendment can be made. Amendment can be made. Court is directed to approach the amendment, not in pragmatic manner. Whether compromise, memo or petition can be filed by the plaintiff and some defendants excluding other defendants and record by the court in the final proceedings. Please repeat it. Whether the compromise, memo or petition can be filed by plaintiff and some of the defendants excluding the other defendants and record by the court in the final decree. Order 23 empowers the plaintiff to enter into a compromise with the defendant. Suppose any defendant who has already been arrived as a defendant in the case is excluded by the plaintiff, then the compromise degree will not bind the parties, those who are all excluded by the plaintiff. So there is no prohibition to enter into a compromise with some of the advocates after excluding others. That compromise will not bind to the others, those who are all expelled or removed by the plaintiff. Next is, in a partition one of the parties died during the final decree proceedings. LA petitions filed and allowed in the final decree proceedings. Whether it can be filed in the suit to bring LRs, i.e. after the decree and before passing of the final decree. Definitely. So in the parties and suit court has to give the first preliminary degree. The preliminary degree is to ascertain the exact share of the plaintiff in the suit property. So after the final decree is passed or before filing the final degree application or during the pendent of the final degree application. If any one of the parties dies, then the legal gas can be completed. He has to bring the LRs of the deceased plaintiff or defendant as the case may be. Because they are stepping into the suits of the original plaintiff or defendant. But they can be impleted. They must be impleted. This is by a Kashmirila Singla advocate. In a suit, what is the difference between the fact based on some document and the evidence to be proved by the same document? Can such document be part of the plaint, though the same will be used in evidence also? Yes. That is why I have already said, normally the plaintiff must state the material facts and not the evidence. The evidence may be oral or documentary evidence. But whenever the material facts in the document is necessary, the same has to be stated. Suppose that is why I have given an illustration. In a suit or specific performance, when your agreement contains the time and the essence of the contract, this is the material portion of the agreement. This is the material facts. You are filing the case on the ground that the plaintiff or defendant voluntarily failed to perform his part of obligation within the stipulated time. So this is a conditional precedent. This is the material or essential terms of the agreement. The same has to be stated. Along with the plaintiff, you can state the disorder documents to be filed along with the plaintiff. But it doesn't mean that the plaint filed along with the plaintiff is deemed to be admitted or proved. So the same has to be proved only at the time of trial. It can be proved only at the time of trial by letting evidence. So whenever any conditions, any covenant in an agreement or contract is absent here or conditional precedent, nothing particular choose to state in your plaint because it gives a actual cause of action. There is no wrong in mentioning the document and mentioning the covenants contained in the agreement. Yes, next question, sir. According to you, what are the prerequisites for being a good civil practitioner? That is the normal question you are saying. Main? Pardon? What is your question? He is saying that what are the prerequisites for being a good advocate as such? Good advocate. So for a civil advocate, to become a civil advocate, it's a tough job. When you are practicing as a criminal advocate, each and every day you can get money, you can get your fees. But so far a civil side is concerned, you have to wait years together to learn first. And you have to wait years together to get fees from work lines. For practicing in civil side, it requires lot of skill, lot of patience and dedication and devotion. To become a civil practitioner, you must know thoroughly, number one, the civil procedure code. You need not worry about the substantive law. Just forget it, the contract act transfer property act. You must well worst in procedural aspect. Civil procedure code is Bible for the civil practitioner. And evidence act. And another important is code piece and suit valuation act. Unless, because only in code piece and suit valuation act, the variety of cases under the proper code piece to be affixed on the cases are dealt with. When you are thorough with the code piece and suit valuation act, you can find variety of cases. Variety of cases. So, and limitation act. So far as my little knowledge is concerned. If you want to become a civil practitioner, civil advocate, you must know CP civil procedure code, code piece and suit valuation act and the evidence act. This is enough. And reading substantive, other substantive law are automatic. But without knowing these three acts, it is not possible or it is impracticable to become a civil advocate. And the plaintiff asked to determine the code piece according to its discretion with respect to the valuation of the suit. If defendant raises objections with respect to valuation. No, no, no. Client team has no right to ask the court to value the subject matter of the suit according to his discretion. For each and every pleading, for each and every prayer that is climbed in the plaint, proper code piece are defined under the code piece and suit valuation act. So, I will give you one illustration. It will be very useful to you. Suppose you are a party to the, you are a party to the agreement, party to the agreement. You have executed your power of attorney in favor of power agents. Empowering your power agent to sell your property in favor of that party. And accordingly, the power agent acted as your power agent and sold the property. Subsequently, the principal power agent filed a suit for cancellation of the power of attorney. On the ground that the, my power agents sold the property, which is worth about 1 crore only for 10 lakhs. So, he has cheated me. There is a, he is gagging, colluding with the purchaser. He has sold the property only for 10 lakhs. So, you want, now the prayer is to declare that the power of attorney executed by the defendant, by the plaintiff in favor of the defendant, is illegal and unlawful. Can it be the prayer? You are a party to the document. You are bound by the document, terms of the document. Suppose your agent sold the property and not, and has not submitted account. You can file a suit for accounts, for addition of accounts against your agent. Suppose you have executed your more registered sale deed in favor of the defendant. Subsequently, you filed the suit to declare that the sale deed executed by the, by you in favor of the defendant, is illegal and unlawful, since the defendant has not filed the sale description. This prayer cannot be entertained by the coach. Because once the sale is effected under section 54 of transfer of property, the consideration may be passed to present our future. Even without paying any amount, the sale deed can be effected. Once sale deed is effected, the right to receive the sale consideration, that is the unpaid when the right is to only, to sue against the purchaser for the recovery of the sale price. He cannot impeach the sale deed already executed by him. Suppose you have executed your sale deed. Subsequently, you have filed the suit that my intention is to execute only market entity, but some go or other that defendant obtained by signature in the sale deed. Now, can you file a suit by declaration that the sale deed executed by you in favor of the defendant is illegal and unlawful? You cannot file it because in the somewhat substance of your relief, he is to setting aside the registered sale deed already executed by him. If the sale deed, if you want to set aside the sale deed, the proper court deed is to under section 40 of the court piece and suit valuation act by paying the market value of the property and not to file a suit for declaration that the sale deed already executed by you is illegal and unlawful. Because the declaration, you can tentatively value the subject matter and you can pay the court piece according to a description. But when the somewhat substance of your relief is to setting aside the any registered instrument, then you are expected to pay the court piece only on the market value and not on the amount mentioned in the registered instrument. So the plaintiff has no power to tentatively determine the subject matter and pay the court piece according to his women's and Francis. It's a duty of the registry to verify the pleadings and the reliefs are for interpolates. If it is not in concern with the procedures contemplated on order 6, rule 7, then your file will be returned. Next question? Yeah. While filing the final decree in partition suit, by one of the shareholders in preliminary decree and some of the LR's details records are not available with the appliance. How can one be proceed with this suit? When filing, while filing the final decree in partition suit, by one of the shareholders in preliminary decree, some of the LR's, rather it should be in some of the, in respect of some of the LR's details and records are not available with the appliance. How can he proceed further? So the whereabouts of the LR's of the deceased is different and are not known. What's the procedure to be, yeah? He says some are not known. Not known. See, in a super partition, first the preliminary decree will be passed, then final decree will be passed. In the final decree, some of the defendants are no more. So necessarily you have to imply the LR's of the deceased defendant. But the whereabouts of the LR's of the deceased defendant is not known to you. Not known to you. You can ask the court to cast substituted service. That so-and-so is arraigned as a dependent in the suit. And so-and-so is tight. And the whereabouts of the LR's are not known. So you can cast paper application. There often final decree will be passed. So in the final decree, the court is going to allow the share that may be given to you as the preliminary decree. You need not worry about the allotment of share in favor of the defendant or the LR's of the deceased defendant. Unless they pay the court fees for their allotment, the court will not allot the particular share in favor of the defendant or in favor of the LR's of the deceased defendant. In the final decree proceedings, what are all your shares that has been determined in the preliminary decree that share alone can be given to you by means of bonds by partitioning the suit properties. So when the whereabouts of the LR's is not known, you can ask the court by stating that I am not aware of the details of the LR's of the deceased defendant. And I don't know the whereabouts of the same. So you can ask the court to cast paper application in the final decree application and get a final decree in your favor. We repeated a last question. Yes. Yeah. Last answer regarding the service. How do you say? Yes, yes. What is it? No, I'm saying how did you say? Can you repeat that answer? Yeah, we repeat the answer. Question and I will answer it. The same question regarding the partition suit by the party. I give an example. Let's assume there is a case which had been filed. The parties of the last known address have left that place and we are not able to trace the address and substituted services say that you can serve through the last known address. But in this particular case, the last known address, they have left that report has come. They have left the place because that land was acquired. How do you serve those defendants who have taken the money and you want to serve those persons because the land which was acquired belongs to that party and the party has taken the money and left from that place. Yes. Any amount is to be given to the plaintiff and have any property is to be given to the defendant. The challenge is to the award. The challenge is to the land acquisition award. When the defendant died. He's not died. There is a land required. Compensation given but the corporation has challenged that award in an appeal to the effect that it should be reduced. The persons have taken that money and left that place because they were last residing at that place. The substituted services say that you have to serve at the last known address but the report has come that since the corporation also knows that the property has been taken over. So that last known address is not there. So how do you serve in this particular case? Serve and the defendant. Yes. Whether it is alive or not, you don't know. Alive or not alive, that is also not known because last known address that land stands acquired that compensation is under challenge in the appeal and those persons after taking the money have gone back have left that place. So how do you serve once you don't have the address? The compensation amount is reduced. You have to recover the amount from the defendant. No, it is only at the preliminary stage where it has to be reduced. The party has to be heard whether the compensation has to be reduced or not. But the last known address is not there. Normally, as per the CPC and the sole defendant died or when the legal rights of the deceased defendant is not known, then the court will appoint an administrator general to represent the deceased defendant and pass order in occurrence with law. That is a procedure. When the last known address alone is known and the wearer of the defendant is not known, except with the substituted service, there is no other way to cause notice to the defendant whose wearer is not known, whose correct address is not known. No, but the difficulty in substituted service would be you would also understand. It says at the last... Substituted service, necessarily you have to state the last known address. But in the substituted service, you have to state that these are all the reasons. Anyone of the legal rights are alive. Please come and represent the deceased person or the defendant. No, I am saying in this particular case the challenge is the last known address. We know that they are not living there because the land stands acquired, the compensation they have taken and they have pushed off from that place. We do not know the address. So substituted service is last known address. So eventually let's assume their ward is set aside or modified. Ultimately they will take an appeal to the effect that the service affected is not effective in terms of substituted service also. For the simplest reason that the corporation knew that we have left that place because the landing question stands acquired. Then they were last living. Under those circumstances even the appeal filed by the corporation, then when not in the position to serve the notice I can seek the court permission to serve the notice or appoint any one of them as an administrative general to represent the case of the defendant. Then the court will pass an order to expatriate even in the absence of the defendant. Court has to pass an order of expatriate. It will reduce the compensation. Appointment of the administrator. The question that has come forth. Administrator of the appointment of the administrator. Administrator general. Administrator general. Which provision? One second. Order 22. Order 22, rule 4A. Procedure that there is no legal representative. This is after 25 years. Order 22, rule 4, capital A. Administrator general. Court will appoint an administrator general or any officer of the court. Yeah. In an injunction suit on the first date of hearing and added direct ex-party injection order was obtained. Yes. By giving an impression of being in position. And after closing the suit has not pressed. Can the party claim in other suits concerned with the same suit, schedule property claim obtained by order? Because you are not audible. Madurai, the question has to be, I am saying to Madurai that he has to reframe the question. This is after 25 years the OS has decided in trial court the property was valued. Now how the property should be valued in appeal? The appeal. After all the valuation given in the plane the same alone has to be valued in the appeal. Okay. So we have taken all these questions. So thank you Mr. Shingar. I just remember. I am so happy that as we had discussed that the question should be short. You have framed the questions in a short form. Yes. Other than the long questions. That was my personal request on account of the request being received from the participants. And they say that the best person is one who can ultimately go to the taste or in tune of the audience and the participants. So hats off to you. That you have taken the things in the world. I will ask Adilakshmi Mapp, our co-host to say a word of thanks. Thank you Vikas sir. It was such an excellent session. And it was really indeed very wonderfully taken well. And the 10 questions. It is like a kind of 10 commandments for this topic have taken today. And everyone would have enriched their knowledge and this continued association and learning with you along with Beyond Law CLC. It is well appreciated from our side sir. We thank on behalf of Beyond Law CLC and the Legal Legal Satellite together. And we are waiting for the next session on both our platforms together and individually as well sir. Thank you sir. Over to Vikas. Thank you. Thank you. Everyone stay blessed. And stay blessed as always. And enjoy the festive day to day of Janmashtami. Enjoy it. And we will be having a session on justice for every child, the procedural law that has gone first by Justice Shalini Satsaksar, former judge from Bobby High Court along with Justice Roshan Dalvi. It's in two parts. The first is on the procedure and the second part on seventh is on the procedure and the second part on the procedure. So please stay connected with us and be connected with us. And it's always a pleasure to connect with Legal Legal Alliance. They have a Hawkeye to catch the best of the resource persons. And I will say it should be also a legal legal coupled with legal Hawkeye also. Because they have that eye to catch with the best of the resource persons. Thank you everyone. And thank you Mr. Shingar. It's a pleasure. Thank you.