 Front Matter of How to Analyze People on Sight This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org This reading by Karl Manchester 2010 How to Analyze People on Sight through the Science of Human Analysis The Five Human Types by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Paine Benedict Printed and bound by the Roycrofters at their shops in Easterora, New York Copyright 1921 by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Paine Benedict All rights reserved We thank you. To the following men and women we wish to express our appreciation for their share in the production of this book To Durran J. H. Ward PhD, formerly of the Anthropology Department of Harvard University who, as the discoverer of the fourth human type, has added immeasurably to the world's knowledge of human science To Raymond H. Lufkin of Boston, who made the illustrations for this volume scientifically accurate To the Roycrofters of Easterora, whose artistic workmanship made it into a thing of beauty And last but not least, To Sarah H. Young of San Francisco, our business manager whose efficiency correlated all these and placed the finished product in the hands of our students The authors, New York City, June 1921 Dedicated to our students Contents Human Analysis Chapter One The Alimentive Type, The Enjoyer Chapter Two The Thoracic Type, The Thriller Chapter Three The Muscular Type, The Worker Chapter Four The Osseous Type, The Stayer Chapter Five The Cerebral Type, The Thinker Chapter Six Types That Should and Should Not Marry Each Other Chapter Seven What leading newspapers say about Elsie Lincoln Benedict and her work? Over 50,000 people heard Elsie Lincoln Benedict at the City Auditorium during her six-week lecture engagement in Milwaukee Milwaukee Leader, April 2nd, 1921 Elsie Lincoln Benedict has a brilliant record She is like a fresh breath of Colorado ozone Her ideas are as stimulating as the health-giving breezes of the Rockies New York Evening Mail, April 16th, 1914 Several hundred people were turned away from the Masonic Temple last night where Elsie Lincoln Benedict, famous human analyst, spoke on how to analyze people on site Asked how she could draw and hold a crowd of 3,000 for a lecture she said because I talk on the one subject on earth in which every individual is most interested himself Seattle Times, June 2nd, 1920 Elsie Lincoln Benedict is a woman who has studied deeply under genuine scientists and is demonstrating to thousands at the auditorium each evening that she knows the connection between an individual's external characteristics and his inner traits Minneapolis News, November 7th, 1920 Elsie Lincoln Benedict is known nationally having conducted lecture courses in many of the large eastern cities Her work is based upon the practical methods of modern science as worked out in the world's leading laboratories where exhaustive tests are applied to determine individual types, talents, vocational bents and possibilities San Francisco Bulletin, January 25th, 1919 It's not how much you know, but what you can do that counts End of front matter Preface to how to analyze people on site This is a LibriVox recording All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain For more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org This reading by Karl Manchester 2010 How to Analyze People on Site by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Payne Benedict Human Analysis, The X-Ray Modern science has proved that the fundamental traits of every individual are indelibly stamped in the shape of his body, head, face and hands An X-Ray by which you can read the characteristics of any person on site The most essential thing in the world to any individual is to understand himself The next is to understand the other fellow For life is largely a problem of running your own car as it was built to be run plus getting along with the other drivers on the highway From this book you are going to learn which type of car you are and the main reasons why you have not been getting the maximum of service out of yourself Also you are going to learn the makes of other human cars and how to get the maximum of cooperation out of them This cooperation is vital to happiness and success We come in contact with our fellowmen in all the activities of our lives and what we get out of life depends to an astounding degree on our relations with them Reaction to environment The greatest problem facing any organism is successful reaction to its environment Environment, speaking scientifically, is the sum total of your experiences In plain United States, this means fitting vocationally, socially and maritably into the place where you are If you don't fit, you must move or change your environment to fit you If you can't change the environment and you won't move, you will become a failure just as tropical plants fail when transplanted to the Nevada desert Learn from the sagebrush But there is something that grows and keeps on growing in the Nevada desert, the sagebrush It couldn't move away and it couldn't change its waterless environment So it did what you and I must do if we expect to succeed It adapted itself to its environment and there it stands Each little stalwart shrub, a reminder of what even a plant can do when it tries Moving won't help much Human life faces the same alternatives that confront all other forms of life of adapting itself to the conditions under which it must live or becoming extinct You have an advantage over the sagebrush in that you can move from your city or state or country to another but after all that is not much of an advantage for though you may improve your situation slightly you will still find that in any civilized country the main elements of your problem are the same Understand yourself and others So long as you live in a civilized or thickly populated community you will still need to understand your own nature and the natures of other people No matter what you desire of life, other people's aims, ambitions and activities constitute vital obstructions along your pathway You will never get far without the cooperation, confidence and comradeship of other men and women Primitive problems It was not always so and its recentness in human history may account for some of our blindness to this great fact In primitive times people saw each other rarely and had much less to do with each other The human element was then not the chief problem, their environmental problems had to do with such things as the elements violent storms, extremes of heat and cold, darkness and the ever present menace of wild beasts whose flesh was their food yet who would eat them first unless they were quick in brain and body Civilizations changes But all that has changed, man has subjugated all other creatures and now walks the earth its supreme sovereign He has discovered and invented and build it until now we live in skyscrapers, talk around the world without wires and by pressing a button turn darkness into daylight Causes of failure Yet with all our knowledge of the outside world, 99 lives out of every 100 are comparative failures The reason is plain to every scientific investigator, we have failed to study ourselves in relation to the great environmental problem of today The stage setting has been changed but not the play The game is the same old game, you must adjust and adapt yourself to your environment or it will destroy you Mastering his own environment The cities of today look different from the jungles of our ancestors and we imagine that because the brain of man overcame the old menaces no new ones have arisen to take their place We no longer fear extermination from cold, we turn on the heat We are not afraid of the vast oceans which held our primitive forebears in thrall but pass swiftly, safely and luxuriously over their surfaces And soon we shall be breakfasting in New York and dining the same evening in San Francisco Facing new enemies But in building up this stupendous superstructure of modern civilisation, man has brought into being a society so intricate and complex that he now faces the new environmental problem of human relationships The Modern Spider's Web Today we depend for life's necessities almost wholly upon the activities of others The work of thousands of human hands and thousands of human brains lies back of every meal you eat, every journey you take, every book you read every bed in which you sleep, every telephone conversation, every telegram you receive, every garment you wear And this fellow man of ours has multiplied since that dim distant dawn into almost two billion human beings with at least one billion of them after the very things you want and not a tenth enough to go around Adapt or Die Who will win? Nature answers for you She has said with awful and inexorable finality that whether you are a blade of grass in the Nevada desert or a man in the streets of London you can win only as you adapt yourself to your environment Today our environmental problem consists largely of the other fellow Only those who learn to adapt themselves to their fellows can win great or lasting rewards Externals indicate internal nature To do this it is necessary to better understand our neighbours to recognise that people differ from each other in their likes and dislikes, traits, talents, tendencies and capabilities The combination of these makes each individual's nature It is not difficult to understand others for with each group of these traits there always goes its corresponding physical makeup the externals whereby the internal is invariably indicated This is true of every species on the globe and of every subdivision within each species Significance of size, shape and structure All dogs belong to the same species But there is a great difference between the nature of a st. Bernard and that of a terrier just as there is a decided difference between the natures of different human beings But in both instances the actions, reactions and habits of each can be accurately anticipated on site by the shape, size and structure of the two creatures Differences in breed When a terrier comes into the room you instinctively draw away unless you want to be jumped at and greeted effusively but you make no such movement to protect yourself from a st. Bernard because you read on site the different natures of these two from their external appearance You know a rose, a violet, a sunflower and an orchid and what perfume you are sure to find in each by the same method All are flowers and all belong to the same species just as all human beings belong to the same species But their respective size and shape and structure tell you in advance and on site what their respective characteristics are The same is true of all human beings They differ in certain fundamentals but always and invariably in accordance with their differences in size, shape and structure The instinct of self-preservation The reason for this is plain Goaded by the instinct of self-preservation man like all other living things has made heroic efforts to meet the demands of his environment He has been more successful than any other creature is and as a result the most complex organism on the earth But his most baffling complexities resolve themselves into comparatively simple terms once it is recognized that each internal change brought about by his environment brought with it the corresponding external mechanism without which he could not have survived interrelation of body and brain So today we see man a highly evolved creature who not only acts but thinks and feels All these thoughts, feelings and emotions are interrelated The body and the mind of man are so closely bound together that whatever affects one affects the other All instantaneous change of mind instantly changes the muscles of the face A violent thought instantly brings violent bodily movements Movies and face muscles The moving picture industry, said to be the third largest in the world is based largely on this interrelation This industry would become extinct if something were to happen to sever the connection between external expressions and the internal nature of men and women Tells Fundamentals How much do external characteristics tell about a man? They tell with amazing accuracy all the basic fundamental principle traits of his nature The size, shape and structure of a man's body tell more important facts about his real self what he thinks and what he does than the average mother ever knows about her own child Learning to read If this sounds impossible if the seeming incongruity, multiplicity and heterogeneity of human qualities have baffled you remember that this is exactly how the print in all books and newspapers baffled you before you learn to read Not long ago I was reading stories allowed to a three year old she wanted to see the pictures and when told there were none had to be shown the book What funny little marks she cried pointing to the print how do you get stories out of them Printing looked to all of us at first just masses of meaningless little marks but after a few days at school how things did begin to clear up it wasn't a jumble after all there was something to it it straightened itself out until the funny little marks became significant each of them had a meaning and the same meaning under all conditions through them your whole outlook on life became deepened and broadened all because you learned the meaning of 26 little letters and their combinations Reading people Learning to read men and women is a more delightful process than learning to read books where every person you see is a true story more romantic and absorbing than any ever bound in covers Learning to read people is also a simpler process than learning to read books because there are fewer letters in the human alphabet though man seems to the untrained eye a mystifying mass of funny little marks he is not now difficult to analyse only a few feelings this is because there are after all but a few kinds of human feelings some form of hunger, love, hate, fear, hope or ambition gives rise to every human emotion and every human thought Thoughts bring actions now our actions follow our thought every thought however transitory causes muscular action which leaves its trace in that part of the physical organism which is most clearly allied to it physiology and psychology interwoven look into the mirror the next time you are angry, happy, surprised, tired or sorrowful and note the changes wrought by your emotions in your facial muscles constant repetition of the same kinds of thoughts or emotions finally make permanent changes in that part of the body which is physiologically related to these mental processes the evolution of the jaw the jaw is a good illustration of this alliance between the mind and the body its muscles and bones are so closely allied to the pugnacity instinct centre in the brain that the slightest thought of combat causes the jaw muscles to stiffen let the thought of any actual physical encounter go through your mind and your jawbone will automatically move upward and outward after a lifetime of combat whether by fists or words the jaw is set permanently into a nature more upward and outward a little more like that of a bulldog it keeps to this combative mould because, says Mother Nature, the great efficiency expert if you are going to call on me constantly to stiffen that jaw I'll fix it so it will stay that way and save myself the trouble inheritance of acquired traits thus the more combative jaw having become permanent in the man's organism can be passed on to his children right here comes a most interesting law and one that has made possible the science of human analysis law of size the larger any part or organ the better its equipment for carrying out the work of that organ and the more does it tend to express itself nature is an efficiency expert and doesn't give you an oversupply of anything without demanding that you use it jaws becoming smaller our ancestors developed massive jaws as a result of constant combat as fast as civilisation decreased the necessity for combat nature decreased the size of the average human jaw meaning of the big jaw but wherever you see a large protruding jaw you see an individual armed and engined as Kipling says for some kind of fighting the large jaw always goes with a combative nature whether it is found on a man or a woman a child a pugilist or a minister exhibit A the Irishman the large jaw therefore is seen to be both a result and a cause of certain things as the inheritance of a fighting ancestor it is the result of millions of years of fighting in prehistoric times and like any other overdeveloped part or organ it has an intense urge to express itself this inherent urge is what makes the owner of that jaw fight at the drop of a hat and often have a chip on his shoulder natural selection thus because every external characteristic is the result of natural laws and chiefly of natural selection the vital traits of any creature can be read from his externals every student of biology, anatomy, anthropology, ethnology or psychology is familiar with these facts built to fit man's organism has developed, altered, improved and evolved down through the slow revolving years with one instinctive aim successful reaction to its environment every part has been laboriously constructed to that sole end because of this, its functions are marked as clearly upon it as those of a grain elevator, a steamship or a piano survival of the fittest nature has no accidents she wastes no material and everything has a purpose if you put up a good fight to live she will usually come to your rescue and give you enough of whatever is needed to tide you over if you don't she says you are not fit to people the earth and let you go without a pang thus she weeds out all but the strong and evolution marches on causes of racial characteristics this inherent potentiality for altering the organism to meet the demands of the environment is especially noticeable in races and is the reason for most racial differences differences in environment, climate, altitude and topography necessitated most of these physical differentiations which today enable us to know at a glance whether a man belongs to the white race, the yellow race or the black race the results of these differentiations and modifications will be told in the various chapters of this book types earlier than races the student of human analysis reads the disposition and nature of every individual with ease regardless of whether that individual be an American a Frenchman, a Kaphir or a Chinaman because human analysis explains those fundamental traits which run through every race, colour and nationality according to the externals which go with those traits five biological types human analysis differs from every other system of character analysis in that it classifies man for the first time into five types according to his biological evolution it deals with man in the light of the most recent scientific discoveries it estimates each individual according to his human qualities rather than his character or so-called moral qualities in other words it takes his measure as a human being and determines from his externals his chances for success in the world of today these rules work every rule in this book is based on scientific data and has been proved to be accurate by investigation and surveys of all kinds of people in all parts of the world these rules do not work merely part of the time they work all the time under all conditions and apply to every individual of every race, every colour, every country, every community and every family through this latest human science you can learn to read people as easily as you read books if you will take a little time and pains to learn the rules which compose your working alphabet do what we want to do it is easy to know what an individual will do under most circumstances because every human being does what he wants to do in the way he prefers to do it most of the time if you doubt it, try this test bring to mind any intimate friends or even that husband or wife and note how few changes they have made to their way of doing things in twenty years preferences inborn every human being is born with preferences and predilections which manifest themselves from earliest childhood to death these inborn tendencies are never obliterated and seldom controlled to any great extent and then only by individuals who have learned the power of the mind over the body in as much as this knowledge is possessed only by a few most of the people of the earth are blindly following the dictates of their inborn leanings follow our bents in other words more than 99% of all the people you know are following their natural bents in reacting to all their experiences from the most trivial incidents to the most far-reaching emergencies took it from grandmother the individual is seldom conscious of these habitual acts of his much less of where he got them from the nearest he comes is to say he got it from his father or she takes it from grandmother but where did grandmother get it? man know mystery science has taken the trouble to investigate and today we know not only where grandmother got it but what she did with it she got it along with her size, shape and structure in other words from her type and she did just what you and everybody else does with his type characteristics she acted in accordance with her type just as a canary sings like a canary instead of talking like a parrot and just as a rose gives off rose perfume instead of violet this law holds throughout every species and explains man who likes to think himself a deep mystery as it explains every of the creature the hold of habit look around you in shop, office, field or home and you will find that the quick, alert, impulsive man is acting quickly, alertly and impulsively most of the time nothing less than a calamity slows him down and then only temporarily while the slow, patient, mild and passive individual is acting slowly, patiently, mildly and passively in spite of all goads some overwhelming passion or crisis may speed him up momentarily but as soon as it fades he reverts to his old slow habits significance of fat, bone and muscle human analysis is the new science which shows you how to recognize the slow man, the quick man the stubborn man, the yielding man the leader, the learner and all other basic kinds of men on site from the shape, size and structure of their bodies certain bodily shapes indicate predispositions to fatness, leanness, boneness, muscularity and nervousness and this predisposition is so much a part of the warp and woof of the individual that he cannot disguise it the urge given him by this inborn mechanism is so strong as to be practically irresistible every experience of his life calls forth some kind of reaction and invariably the reaction will be similar in every vital aspect to the reactions of other people who have bodies of the same general size, shape and structure as his own succeed at what we like no person achieves success or happiness when compelled to do what he naturally dislikes to do since these likes and dislikes stay with him to the grave one of the biggest modern problems is that of helping men and women to discover and to capitalize their inborn traits enthusiasm and self-expression every individual does best those things which permit him to act in accordance with his natural bent this explains why we like best those things we do best it takes real enthusiasm to make a success of any undertaking for nothing less than enthusiasm can turn on a full current we struggle from the cradle to the grave for self-expression and everything that pushes us in a direction opposed to our natural tendencies is done half-heartedly inefficiently and disgruntledly these are the steps that lead straight to failure yet failure can be avoided and success approximated by every normal person if he will take the same precaution with his own machinery that he takes with his automobile learn to drive your car if you are presented with a car by your ancestors which is precisely what happened to you at birth you would not let an hour go by without finding out what vehicle type of car it was before a week elapsed you would have taken the time labour and interest to learn how to run it not merely any old way but the best way for that particular make of car five makes of human cars there are five types of human cars differing as definitely in size shape and structure as fords differ from pierce arrows each human type differs as widely in its capacities possibilities and aptitudes as a ford differs from a pierce arrow like the ford or pierce arrow the externals indicate these functions with unfailing accuracy furthermore just as a ford never changes into a pierce nor a pierce into a ford a human being never changes his type he may modify it train it polish it or control it somewhat but he will never change it cannot be deceived the student of human analysis cannot be deceived as to the type of any individual any more than you can be deceived about the make of a car one may doll up a ford to his heart's content remove the hood and top and put on custom made substitutes it is still a ford always will be a ford and you can always detect that it is a ford it will do valuable necessary things but only those things it was designed to do and in its own particular manner nor could a pierce act like a ford are you a ford or a pierce so it is with human cars maybe you have been awed by the jewels and clothes with which many human fords disguise themselves but the things are that you have overlooked a dozen pierces this week because their paint was rusty drawing a ford's salary because you don't know you are a high powered machine capable of making ten times the speed you have been making on your highway of life superficialities sway us if so your mistake is only natural to the world a human motorcycle can pass through a Rolls Royce any day if sufficiently camouflaged with diamonds, curls french heels and plucked eyebrows bicycles in congress in the same manner a bicycle in human form gets elected to congress because he plays his machinery for all its worth and gets a hundred percent service out of it every such person learned early in life what kind of car he was and capitalized its natural tendencies don't judge by veneer nothing is more unsafe than to attempt to judge the actual natures of people by their clothes, houses, religious faith, political affiliations prejudices, dialects, etiquette or customs it is a veneer laid on by upbringing, teachers, preachers, traditions and other forces of suggestion and it is a veneer so thin that trifles scratch it off the real always there but the real individual is always there filled with the tendencies of his type bending always towards them constantly seeking opportunities to run as he was built to run forever striving towards self-expression it is this ever active urge which causes him to revert in the manifold activities of everyday life to the methods, manners and peculiarities common to his type this means that unless he gets into an environment of vocation and a marriage which permits of his doing what he wants to do he will be miserable, inefficient, unsuccessful and sometimes criminal causes of crime that this is the true explanation of crime has been recognised for many years by leading thinkers two prison wardens, Thomas Tynan of Colorado and Thomas Mott Osborne of Singsing effectively initiated penal reforms based upon it every crime like every personal problem arises from some kind of situation wherein instinct is thwarted by outside influence human analysis teaches you to recognise on site the predominant instincts of any individual in brief what that individual is inclined to do under all the general situations of his life you know what the world tries to compel him to do if the discrepancy between these two is beyond the reach of his type he refuses to do what society demands this and this only is back of every human digression from indiscretion to murder it is as vain to expect to eradicate these inborn trends and put others in their places as to make a sewing machine out of an airplane or an oak out of a pine the most man can do for his neighbour is to understand and inspire him the most he can do for himself is to understand and organise inborn capacities find your own type the first problem of your happiness is to find out what type you are yourself which you will know after reading this book and to build your future accordingly knowing and helping others the second is to learn how to analyse others to the end that your relationships with them are mutually advantageous take every individual according to the way he was born accept him as that kind of mechanism and deal with him in the manner befitting that mechanism in this way and this only will you be able to impress or to help others in this way only will you be able to achieve real success in this way only will you be able to help your fellow man in the environment and the marriage wherein he can be happy and successful to get the maximum pleasure and knowledge out of this interesting course there are four things to remember as your part of the contract read concentratedly think of what you are reading while you are reading it concentration is a very simple thing next see is observe carefully look at people carefully but not starefully when analysing them don't jump at conclusions we humans have a great way of twisting facts to fit our conclusion as soon as we have made one but don't spend all of your time getting ready to decide and forget to decide at all like the man who was going to jump a ditch he ran so far back to get a good start each time that he never had the strength to jump when he got there get a good start by observing carefully then decide confidently be sure you are right and then go ahead make a decision and make it with the confidence that you are right if you will determine now to follow this rule it will compel you to follow the first two because in order to be sure you are right then you are not misjudging anybody you will read each rule concentratedly and observe each person carefully beforehand practice constantly practice makes perfect take this for your motto if you would become expert in analysing people it is one easily followed for you come in contact with people everywhere at home amongst your business associates with your friends and on the street remember you can only benefit from a thing as you use it a car that you never took out of the garage would be of no value to you so get full value out of this course by using it at all times these rules your tools these rules are scientific they are true and they are true always they are very valuable tools for the furtherance of your progress through life an understanding of people is the greatest weapon you can possess therefore these are the most precious tools you can own but like every tool in the world and all knowledge in the world they must be used as they were built to be used or you will get little service out of them you would not expect to run a car properly without paying the closest attention to the rules for clutches, brakes, starters and gears everything scientific is based not on guesses but laws this course in analysing people on site is as scientific as the automobile it will carry you far and do it easily if you will do your part your part consists of learning the few simple rules laid down in this book and applying them in the everyday affairs of your life fewer and truer many things which have been found to be true in almost every instance could therefore have been included in this course but we prefer to make fewer statements and have those of bedrock certainty therefore this course like all our courses consists exclusively of those facts which have been found to be true in every particular of people in normal health the five extremes this book deals with pure or unmixed types only when you understand these the significance of their several combination as seen in everyday life will be clear to you the human alphabet just as you cannot understand the meaning of a word until you know the letters that go into the makeup of that word you cannot analyse people accurately until you get the five extreme types firmly in your mind for they are your alphabet founded in five biological systems each pure type is the result of the over development of one of the five biological systems possessed by all human beings the nutritive, circulatory, muscular, bony or nervous therefore every individual has one degree of the characteristics of all the five types the secret of individuality but his predominant traits and individuality the things that make him the kind of man he is agree infallibly with whichever one of the five systems predominates in him combinations common in America the average American man or woman is a combination of some two of these types the third discernible in the background to analyse people to understand human beings familiarise yourself first with the pure or unmixed types and then it will be easy and fascinating to spell out their combinations and what they mean in the people all about you post bone combinations until you have learned these pure types thoroughly it will be to your advantage to forget that there is such a thing as combinations after you have these extreme types well in mind you will be ready to analyse combinations the five types science has discovered that there are five types of human beings discarding for a moment their technical names they may be called the fat people the florid people the muscular people the bony people and the mental people this is because his type is determined by the preponderance within his body of one of the five great departments or biological systems the nutritive the circulatory the muscular the bony or the nervous at birth every child is born with one of these systems more highly developed larger and better equipped than the others type never disappears throughout his life this system will express itself more be more intense and constant in its functioning than the others and no manner of training education environment or experience so long as he remains in normal health will alter the predominance of this system nor prevent its dictating his likes dislikes and most of his reactions effect of eating if you do not understand why the overaction of one bodily system should influence man's nature see if you can't recall more than one occasion when a square meal made a decided difference to your disposition within the space of 30 minutes if one goes into the space of 30 minutes if one good meal has the power to alter so completely our personalities temporarily is it then any wonder that constant overfeeding causes everybody to love a fat man for the fat man is habitually and chronically in that beatific state which comes from overeating end of preface part one of chapter one of how to analyze people on site this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org how to analyze people on site through the science of human analysis the five human types by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Payne Benedict part one of chapter one note bear in mind at the beginning of this and every other chapter that we are describing the extreme or unmixed type before leaving this book you will understand combination types and should read people as readily as you now read your newspaper those individuals in which the elementive system is more highly developed than any other are called elementives the elementive system consists of the stomach, intestines, elementary canal and every part of the assimilative apparatus physical rotundity a general rotundity of outline characterizes this type he is round in every direction fat rolls away from his elbows wrists knees and shoulders see chart one the fat overweight individual soft flesh thickly padded over a small bone body distinguishes the pure elementive type in men of this type the largest part of the body is around the girth in women it is around the hips these always indicate a large nutritive system in good working order fat is only surplus tissue the amount manufactured by the system over and above the needs of the body fat is more soft and spongy than bone or muscle and lends to its wearer a softer structure and appearance small hands and feet because his bones are small the pure elementive has small feet and small hands how many times have you noted with surprise that the 200 pound woman had tiny feet the inconvenience of getting around which you have noticed in her is due to the fact that while she has more weight to carry she has smaller than average feet with which to do it the pure elementive head a head comparatively small for the body is another characteristic of the extreme elementive the neck and lower part of the head are covered with rolls of fat this gives the head the effect of spreading outward from the crown as it goes down to the neck thus giving the neck a short disproportionately large appearance the round face person a full moon face with double or triple chins gives this man his baby face see chart 2 look carefully at any extremely fat person and you will see that his features are inclined to the same immaturity of form that characterizes his body very few fat men have long noses nearly all fat men and women have not only shorter round noses but shorter upper lips fuller mouths round eyes and more youthful expressions than other people in short the features of childhood the entire physical makeup of this type is modeled upon the circle round hands with dimples where the knuckles are supposed to be round fingers round feet round waist round limbs sloping shoulders curving thighs bulging calves wrists and ankles wherever you see curves predominating in the physical outlines of any person that person is largely of the elementive type and will always exhibit element of traits the man a few movements the elementive is a man of unhurried undulating movements the difficulty in moving large bodies quickly necessitates a slowing down of all his activities these people are easily in their actions make as few moves as possible and thereby landed air of restfulness wherever they go because it is difficult to turn their heads extremely fat people seldom are aware of what goes on behind them the fat man's walk very fat people waddle when they walk though few of them realize it they cannot watch themselves go by and no one else has the heart to impart bad news to this pleasant person spilling over chairs the fat man spills over chairs out of his clothes big arm chairs roomy divans and capaceous automobiles are veritable dykes to these men note the beeline the fat person makes for the big leather chair when he enters a room clothes for comfort the best that money can buy are the kinds of clothes purchased by the elementive whenever he can afford them and it often happens that he can afford them especially if the cerebral system comes second in his makeup if he is in middle circumstances his clothes will be chosen chiefly for comfort even the rich elementive gets into something loose as soon as he is alone baggy trousers crease sleeves soft collars and soft cuffs are seen most frequently on fat men comfort is one of the very first aims of this type to attain it he often wears old shoes or gloves long past their time to save breaking in a new pair susceptible to cold cold weather affects this type if you will look about you the first cold day of autumn you will note that most of the overcoats are on the plump men how the fat man talks never to take anything too seriously is an unconscious policy of fat people they show it plainly in their actions and speech the very fat man is seldom a brilliant conversationalist he is often a jollier and tells stories well especially anecdotes and personal experiences doesn't tell his troubles he seldom relates his troubles and often appears not to have any he avoids references to isms andologies and gives a wide birth to all who deal in them radical groups seldom number any extremely fat men among their numbers and when they do it is usually for some other purpose than those mentioned in the bylaws the very fat man dislikes argument avoids disagreeing with you and sticks to the outer edges of serious questions in his social conversation the fat man lives to eat rich food and large quantities is enjoyed by the average fat man three times a day and 365 days a year between meals he usually manages to stow away a generous supply of candy ice cream popcorn and fruit we have interviewed countless popcorn and fruit vendors on the subject and every one of them told us that the fat people kept them in business visits the soda fountain often as for the ice cream business take a look the next time you pass a soda fountain and note the large percentage of fat people joyfully scooping up mountains of Sundays parfaits and banana splits you will find that of those who are sipping things through straws the thin folks are negotiating lemonade and phosphates while a creamy frappe is rapidly disappearing from the fat man's glass the deep mystery what do you suppose is making me so plump naively inquires the fat man when it finally occurs to him as it did to his friends long before that he is surely and speedily taking on flesh if you don't know the answer look at the table of any fat person in any restaurant cafe or dining room he is eating with as much enthusiasm as if he had just been rescued from a 40 day fast instead of having only a few hours before looked on equally generous meal in the eye and put it all under his belt the next time you are at an American plan hotel where meals are restricted to certain hours note how the fat people are always the first ones into the dining room when the doors are opened fat making foods butter olive oil cream pastry and starches are foods that increase your weight just as fast as you eat them if you're a similar to systems anything like it should be though he is the last man in the world who ought to indulge in them the fat man likes these foods above all others and when compelled to have a meal without them feels as though he hadn't eaten at all why they don't lose weight we had a friend who decided to reduce but in spite of the fact that she lived on salads almost exclusively for a week she kept right on gaining we thought she had been surreptitiously treating herself to lunches between meals until someone noticed a dressing with which he drowned her lettuce pure olive oil a couple at a sitting because she said I must have something tasty to camouflage the stuff and experiment once in California where no city block is complete without its cafeteria we took a committee from one of our human analysis classes to six of these big establishments one noon time to illustrate to them the authenticity of the facts we have stated above we prophesied what the fat ones would select for their meals without exception their trays came by heaped with pies cake cream starchy vegetables and meat just as we predicted a short life but a merry one according to the statistics of the United States life insurance companies fat people die younger than others and the insurance companies ought to know for upon knowing instead of guessing what it is that takes us off depends the whole life insurance business that they consider the extremely fat man an unsafe risk after 30 years of age is a well-known fact I am interrupted every day by salesmen for everything on earth except one but the life insurance agents leave me alone left a very fat young lawyer friend of ours the other morning and he went on ordering ham and eggs waffles potatoes and coffee that he is eating years off his life doesn't trouble the fat man however he has such a good time doing it I should worry says the fat man it was no accident that ish kebibel was invented by the Hebrew for this race has proportionately more fat people in it than any other and fat people just naturally worry is useless but the fat man gets this philosophy from the same source that gives him most of his other traits his predominating system digestion and contentment the eating of delicious food is one of the most intense and poignant pleasures of life the digestion of food when one possesses the splendid machinery for it which characterizes the element of gives a deep feeling of serenity and contentment since the fat man is always just going to a big meal or in the process of digesting one he does not give himself a chance to become ill-natured his own and the world's troubles sit lightly upon him the most popular type socially the life of the party is the fat man or that pleasing adaptable feminine creature the fat woman no matter what comes or goes they have a good time and is such an infectious one that others catch it from them did you ever notice how things pick up when the fat one appears anticipates their arrival with pleasure and welcomes them with relief she knows that she can relax now and sure enough fatty has in his hat off till the atmosphere shows improvement by the time chubby gets into the parlor and passes a few of her sunny remarks the wheels are oiled for the evening and they don't run down to the last plump guest has said good night so it is no wonder that fat people spend almost every evening at a party they get so many more invitations than the rest of us likes complacent people people who take things as they find them are the ones the element of prefers for friends not only because like the rest of us he likes his own kind of folks but because the other kind seems incongruous to him he takes the attitude that resistance is a waste of energy he knows others and easier ways of getting what he desires there are types who take a lively interest in those who are different from them but not the element of he prefers easygoing hospitable complacent friends whose homes and hearts are always open and his minds run on the simple personal things the reason for this is obvious all of us like the people situations experiences environments which bring out our natural tendencies which call into play those reflexes and reactions to which we tend naturally chooses food loving friends let's have something to eat is a phrase whose hospitality has broken more ice and warmed more hearts than any other unless per chance that rapidly disappearing let's have something to drink the fat person keeps at the head of his list those homie souls who set a good table and excel in the art of third and fourth helpings because he's a very adaptable sort of individual this type can reconcile himself to the other kind whenever it serves his purpose but the tender spots in his heart are reserved for those who encourage him in his favorite indoor sport when he doesn't like you a fat man seldom dislikes anybody very hard or for very long really disliking anybody requires the expenditure of a good deal of energy and hating people is the most strenuous work in the world so the element of refuses to take even his dislikes to heart he is a consistent conserver of steam and this fact is one of the secrets of his success he applies this principle to everything in life so he travels smoothly through his dealings with others few grudges forget it is another phrase originated by the fat people you will hear them say it more often than any other type and what is more they excel the rest of us in putting it into practice the result is that their nerves are usually in better working order this type runs down his batteries less frequently than any other avoids the oligists when he takes the trouble to think about it there are a few kinds of people the element of does not care for the man who is bent on discussing the problems of the universe the high brow who wants to practice his new relativity lecture on him the theorist who is given to lengthy expatiations and all advocates of new isms and oligies are avoided by the pure element of he calls them fattest fanatics and fools when he sees a high brow approaching instead of having it out with him as some of the other types would he finds he has important business somewhere else thus he preserves his temperature something that in the average fat man goes far above normal no theorist theories are the bane of this type he just naturally doesn't believe in them scientific discoveries unless they have to do with some new means of adding to his personal comforts are taboo the next time this one about fat men dying young is mentioned in his presence listen to his jolly roar the speed with which he disposes of it will be beautiful to see say I feel like a million dollars he will assure you if you read this chapter to him and I'll bet the folks who wrote that book are a pair of grouches who have forgotten what a square meal tastes like where the T bones go when you catch a three inch steak homeward bound you will usually find it tucked under the arm of a well-rounded householder when his salary positively prohibits the comforts of parlor bedroom and other parts of the house the fat men will still see to it that the kitchen does not lack for a vendor describes his food the fat person likes to regale you with alluring descriptions of what he had for breakfast what he has ordered for lunch and what he is planning for dinner and the rare bit he has on the program for after the theater eats his way to the grave most of us are committing suicide by inches in one form or another and always in that form which is inherent in our type the element of eats his way to the grave and has at least this much to say for it it is more delightful than the pet weaknesses by which the other types hasten the final curtain diseases he is most susceptible to diabetes is more common among this type than any other apoplexy is next especially the fat man is also a florid man with a fast heart or an inclination to high blood pressure a sudden breaking down of any or several of the vital organs is also likely to occur to fat people earlier than to others it is the price they pay for their years of overeating overtaxed heart kidneys and liver are inevitable results of too much food so the man you call fat and husky is fat but not husky according to the statistics fat men and influenza during the historic Spanish influenza epidemic of 1918 more fat people succumbed than all other types combined this fact was a source of surprise and much discussion on the part of newspapers but not of the scientists the big question in treating this disease and its twin pneumonia is will the heart hold out fat seriously handicaps the heart the fat man's Ford engine the human heart weighs less than a pound but is the one organ in all our machinery that never takes a rest it is the engine of the human car and what a faithful little motor too like the Ford engine which it so much resembles if you live to be 40 it chugs away 40 years and if you stay here 90 it stretches it to 90 without an instant of vacation but it must be treated with consideration and the first consideration is not to overwork it a Ford engine is large enough for a Ford car for Ford's are light weight as long as you do not weigh too much your engine will carry you up the hills and down the deals of life with good old Ford efficiency and at a pretty good gate making a truck out of your Ford but when you take on fat you're doing to your engine what a Ford driver would be doing to his if he loaded his car with brick or scrap iron a Ford owner who intended to transport bricks the rest of his life could get a big cylinder engine and substitute it for the original but you can't do that this little four cylinder affair is the only one you will ever have and no amount of money position or affection can buy you a new one if you mistreat it like the Ford engine it will stand for a good many pounds of excess luggage and still do good work but if you load on too much and keep it there the day will come when its cylinders begin to skip you may take it to the service station and pay the doctors to grind the valves fix your carburetor and put in some new spark plugs these may work pretty well as long as you are traveling the paved highway of perfect health you may keep up with the procession without noticing anything particularly wrong but come to the hill of pneumonia or diabetes and you are very likely not to be afraid don't kill your engine the records in America show that thousands of men and women literally kill their engines every year when they might have lived many years longer how each finds happiness we live for happiness and each type finds its greatest happiness in following those innate urges determined by the most highly developed system in its makeup the element of disposition nature character and personality are built by and around his system he is happiest when gratifying it and whenever he thwarts it he is miserable just as the rest of us are when we thwart our predominant system the world needs him this type has so many traits needed by the world however and as such extreme capacity for enjoying life the race not to mention himself will profit greatly by his denying himself excessive amounts of food enjoyment the keynote of this type the good things of life rich abundant food and everything that serves the personal appetites are the cravings of this type he purchases and uses more of the limousines yachts and chefs than any other three types combined and gets more for his money out of them than others do the keynote of his nature is personal enjoyment his senses of touch and taste are also especially acute the fat man loves comfort you can tell a great deal about a man's type by noting for what the masses of things he spends most of his extra money the element may have no fire insurance no liberty bonds no real estate but he will have all the modern comforts he can possibly afford most of the world's millionaires are fat and human analysis explains why we make few efforts in life safe to satisfy our most urgent demands desires and ambitions each human type differs in its cravings from each of the others and takes the respective means necessary to gratify cravings the element of craves those luxuries comforts and conveniences which only money can procure for him the fat millionaire when the element is a man of brains he uses his brains to get money no fat person enjoys work but the greater his brain capacity the more will he forgo leisure to make money when the fat man is in average circumstances any man's money making ambitions depends largely on whether the money is essential to the satisfaction of his predominating instincts if he is fat and of average brain capacity he will overcome his physical inertia to the point of securing for himself and his family most of the comforts of modern life the average brain fat man composes a large percentage of our population and the above accounts for his deserved reputation as a generous husband and father the fat man a good provider the fat man will give his last children for the things they desire but he is not inclined as much as some other types to hearken to the woes of the world at large the fat man is essentially a family man a home man a respectable cottage owning tax-paying peaceable citizen not a reformer he inclines the belief that other families other communities other classes and other countries should work out their own salvation and he leaves them to do it in all charitable philanthropic and community drives he gives freely but is not lavish nor sentimental about it it is often a business proposition with him when the fat man is poor love of ease is the fat man's worst enemy his inherent contentment accentuated by the inconvenience of moving about easily or quickly constantly tempts him to let things slide when he lacks the brain capacity for figuring out ways and means for getting things easily he is never a great success at anything when the extremely fat man's mentality is below the average he often refuses to work in which case he becomes a familiar figure around public restrooms parks and the cheaper hotel lobbies such a man finally graduates into the class of professional chair warmers end of part one of chapter one part two of chapter one how to analyze people on site this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain of volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recording by herehis.com how to analyze people on site through the science of human analysis the five human types by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Payne Benedict part two of chapter one fat people love leisure a chance to do as we please to do as little hard work as possible is a secret desire of almost everybody but the fat man takes the prize for wanting it most not a strenuous worker he is not constructed to work hard like some of the other types as we shall see in subsequent chapters his overweight is not only a handicap in that it slows down moments but it tends to slow down all his vital processes as well and to overload his heart this gives him a chronic feeling of heaviness and inertia everybody likes him but nature must have intended fat people to manage the rest of us instead of taking a hand at the heavy work she made them adverse to toil and then made them so likeable that they can usually get the rest of us to do their hardest work for them the world managed by fat people when he is brainy the fat man never stays in the lower ranks of subordinates he may get a late start in an establishment but he will soon make those over him like him so well they will promote him to a chief clerkship or a manager ship once there he will make those under him so fond of him that they will work long and hard for him fat men to the top in this way the fat man of real brains goes straight to the top while others look on and bewail the fact that they do most of the actual work they fail to recognize that the world always has big salaries not for hard work but for head work and not so much for working yourself as for your ability to get others to work the popular politician this capacity for managing controlling and winning others is what enables this type to succeed so well in politics the fat man knows how to get votes he jokes with everybody remembers to ask how the children are and pretty soon he is the head of his ward almost every big political boss is fat makes others work one man is but one man and at best can do little more than a good man size day of work but a man who can induce a dozen other man machines to speed up and turn out a full day's work a piece doesn't need to work his own hands he serves his employer more valuable as an overseer foreman or supervisor the fat salesman a fat drummer is such a common phrase that we would think our ears deceived us did anyone speak of a thin one a traveling salesman each will tell you that the picture this conjures in his imagination is of a fat round roly-poly good natured pretty clever man whom everybody likes for the fat men are born salesman and they make up a large percentage of that profession salesmanship requires mentality plus a pleasing personality the fat man qualifies easily in the matter of personality then he makes little or much money from salesmanship according to his mental capacity the drummer's funny stories you will note that the conversation of fat people is well sprinkled with funny stories they enjoy a good joke better than any other type for reason which will become more and more apparent to you that salesman are popularly supposed to regale the customer with yarns till he gasp for breath and to get his signature on the dotted line while he is in that weakened condition is more or less of a myth it originated from the fact that most salesmen are fat and that fat people tell stories well jokes at fat men's expense look at fatty get a truck every hand he knows he cannot proceed a block without being the butt of several jokes but he listens to them all with amyability surprising to the other types and this good nature is so apparent that even those who make sport of him are thinking to themselves I believe I'd like that man the fat man's habits the unconscious standards underline many of the reactions of this type if you will compile a list of the habits of any fat person you will find that they are mostly the outgrowths of one or both of these motives won't speed up you would have a hard time getting an element to follow out of any protracted line of action calling for speed or high tension it's much done as the strenuous man when their mentalities are equal and often more the fat person keeps going in a straight line with uniform and uninterrupted effort and does not have the blowouts common to more fidgety people but hard fast labor is not in his line all forms of mental depression are foreign to fat people as long as they are in normal health we have known a fat husband and wife to be ejected for rent and spend the evening at the movies laughing like 4 year olds at Charlie Chaplin or a Maxinit comedy you have sometimes seen fat people whose financial condition was pretty serious and wondered how they could be so cheerful inclined to indolence being built around their points of strength and weakness are necessarily of two kinds the desirable and the undesirable the worst habits of this type are those inevitable to the ease loving and the immature minded indolence is one of his most undesirable traits and costs the element of dear in this country where energy push and lightening like efficiency are at a premium only the fat man of brains can hope to keep up the inertia caused by his digestive processes is so great that it is almost insurmountable the heavy lazy feeling you have after a large meal is with the fat man intermittently because his organism is constantly in the process of digesting large amounts of food warm rooms especially such things as warm rooms and soft beds is so deeply embedded in the fiber of this type that he has ever to face a fight with himself which the rest of us do not encounter this sometimes leads the excessively corpulent person to lax into laziness and slovenliness an obese individual sometimes surprises us however by his ambition and immaculateness but such a man or woman must always combines decided mental tendencies with his alluminativeness enjoys doing favors the habits which in dear the fat person to everyone and make us forget his faults are his never failing hospitality kindness when you are in trouble his calming air of contentment his tact good nature and the real pleasure he seems to experience when doing you a favor his worst faults wreck upon him far greater penalties than fall upon those who associate with him something that cannot be said for the faults of some other types likes melody simple natural music is a favorite with fat people love songs rollicking tunes and those full of melody are most popular with him and easy to learn easy to sing song is one a fat man chooses when he names the next selection they like ragtime jazz and music with a swing to it music the world over is most popular with fat races the world's greatest singers and most of its famous musicians have been fat or at least decidedly plump to the cabaret the fat person will wiggle his toes tap his fingers swing his fork and nod his head by the hour with a rumbling jazz orchestra when the argumentative is combined with some other type he will also enjoy other kinds of music but the pure argumentative cares most for the primal tunes and melodies likes a girly show a pretty girl show makes a hit with fat women as well as with fat men drop into the passing show and note how many fat people are in the audience drop into a theater the next night where a tragedy is being enacted and see how few fat ones are there the one made sport of fat people enjoy helping out the players if the opportunity offers all show people know this one of those tricks is to be played from the footlights upon a member of the audience the girl who does it is always careful to select that circular gentleman down front let her try to mix up confetti or a toy balloon with a tall skinny man and the police would get a hurry call when we describe the bony type you will note how very different he is from our friend the fat man the fat man's theater would be a more fitting name for the movie houses of the country not that the fat man is the only type patronizing the cinema the movies cover in one evening so many different kinds of human interest news cartoons features and comedy that every type finds upon the screen something to interest him but if you will do what we have done stand at the doorway of the leading movie theaters of your city any evening and keep a record of the types that enter you will find the plump are as numerous as all the others combined easy entertainment the reason for this is plain to all who are acquainted with human analysis the fat man wants everything the easiest possible way and the movie fulfills this requirement more fully than any other theatrical entertainment he can drop in when he feels like it and there is no waiting for the show to start for one thing this is a decided advantage to him for fat people do not like to depend upon themselves for entertainment the babies of the race the first stage in biological evolution was the stage in which the elementary apparatus was developed to a simulate nutriment was the first function of all life and is so still since it is the principal requirement for self preservation being the first and most elemental of our five physiological systems the elementive when it over tops the others produces a more elemental infantile nature the pure elementive has rightly been called the baby of the race and the characteristics of the extremely fat person including the fact that it is difficult for him to amuse himself he of all types likes most to be amused and very simple toys and activities are sufficient to do it loves the circus a serious drama or problem play usually bores him but he seldom misses a circus the fat person expresses immaturity also in that he likes to be petted made over and looked after like the infant he demands food first almost the only time a fat man loses his temper is when he has been deprived of his food the next demand on his list is sleep another characteristic of the immature give a fat man three squares a day and plenty of sleep in a comfortable bed and he will walk off with the prize for good humor three hundred and sixty five days in the year next to sleep he demands warm clothing in winter and steam heat when the wintery winds blow fat people at the beach if it were not for the exertion required in getting to and from the beaches dressing and undressing and the momentary coldness of the water many more elementives would go to the beaches in summer than do not strenuous anything to be popular with the elementive must be easy to get easy to do easy to get away from easy to drop if he feels like it anything requiring the expenditure of great energy even though it promises pleasure when achieved is usually passed over by the fat people the art of getting out of it let George do it is another bit of slang invented by this type he seldom does anything he really hates to do he is so likeable he either induces you to let him out of it or get somebody to do it for him he just naturally avoids everything that is intense difficult or strenuous the peaceable type if an unpleasant situation of a personal or social nature rises a quarrel a misunderstanding or any kind of disagreement the fat man will try to get himself out of it without a discussion except when they have square faces in which case they are not pure elementives extremely fat people do not mix up in their neighborhood family church club or political quarrels it is too much trouble for one thing and for another it is opposed to his possible un-tensed nature avoids expensive quarrels the fat man has his eye on personal advantages and promotions and he knows that quarrels are expensive not alone in the chances they lose him but in nerve force and peace of mind the fat man knows instinctively that peace times are the most profitable times and though for peace at any price so far as the country is concerned he certainly is much inclined that way where he is personally concerned you will be amused to notice how this peace-loving quality increases as one's weight increases the more fat any individual is the more he is inclined to get what he wants without hostility the real thing the favorite good time of an elementive is one where there are plenty of refreshments a dinner invitation always makes a hit with him but beware that you do not lure a fat person into your home and give him a tea with lemon wisp where he expected a full meal always ready for food substantial vians can be served to him any hour of the day or night with the certainty of pleasing him he loves a banquet provided he is not expected to make a speech the fat man has a harder time than any other listening to long speeches the fashion of trying to mix the two most opposite extremes food and ideas and expecting them to go down was due to our misunderstanding of the real nature of human beings rapidly going out as must every fashion which fails to take the human instincts into account avoids sports no prizes lure a fat man into strenuous physical exercise or violent sports although we have witnessed numerous state national and international tennis polo rowing sprinting hurtling and swimming contestants we have not seen one player who was fat enough to be included in the pure elementive type the grandstands bleachers and touring cars at these contests contain a generous number of fat people but their conversation indicated that they were present more from personal interest in some contestant than in the game itself the nearest a fat man usually comes to taking strenuous exercise is to drive in an open car the more easeful that car the better he likes it he avoids long walks as he would the plague and catches a street car for a two-block trip the personal element due to his immaturity the fat person gives little thought to anything save those things which affect him personally the calm exterior unruffled countenance and air of deliberation he sometimes wears and which have occasionally passed for judicial qualities are largely the results of the fact that the element of refuses to get stirred up over anything that does not concern him personally this personal element will be found to dominate the activities conversation and interest of the element of for him to like a thing or buy a thing it must come pretty near being something he can eat where live in or otherwise personally enjoy he can find some self to the concrete tangible but most of all he confines himself to things out of which he gets something for himself reading the fat man is no reader but when he does read it is nearly always something funny simple or sentimental in newspapers he reads the funnies magazine stories if short and full of sentiment attract him he seldom reads an editorial and is not a bookworm the newspaper furnishes practically all of the fat man's reading he seldom owns a library unless he is very rich and then it is usually for show avoids bookstores in making the investigations for this course we interviewed many clerks in the bookstores of leading cities throughout the United States without exception they stated that few extremely fat people patronize them quote I have been in this store seventeen years and I have never sold a book to a two hundred and fifty pounder one dealer told us all this is due to the fact with which we started this chapter that the fat man is built around his stomach and stomachs do not read naturally realistic the fat man the child's natural innocence and ignorance of subtle and elusive things he has the same interest in things and people as does the child the child's indifference to books lectures schools and everything abstract physical assets I believe I could digest nails exclaimed a fat friend of ours recently this perfect nutritive system constitutes the greatest physical superiority of the elementive so highly developed is his whole stomach department that everything agrees with him and everything tends to make him fat as Irvin Cobb recently said quote it isn't true that one can't have his cake and eat it too for the fat man eats his and keeps it all physical liabilities the tendency to overeat results naturally from the highly developed eating and digestive system of this type but this in turn over taxes all the vital organs as stated before also the fat man's adversion to exercise reduces his physical efficiency the pure elementive and the elementively inclined should learn their normal weight and then keep within it if they desire long lives social assets sweetness of disposition is one of the most valuable of all human characteristics fat people possess it more often and more unchangingly than any other type other social assets of this type are amiableness affability hospitality and approachableness social liabilities gaining his ends by flattery jollery and various more or less innocent little deceptions are the only social handicaps of this type emotional assets his unfailing optimism is the most marked emotional quality of this type nothing can be so dark that the fat person doesn't find a silver edge somewhere so in disaster we always sinned for our fat friends in the presence of an amply proportioned individual everything looks brighter hope springs eternal in the human breasts but springs are stronger in the plump folks than in the rest of us money spending is also a marked feature of the fat man his emotions are outgoing never ingrowing a stingy fat man is unknown emotional liabilities a tendency to become spoiled to pout and to take out his resentments in babyish ways are the emotional weaknesses of this type these as you will note are the natural reactions of childhood from which he never fully emerges business assets the ability to make people like him is the greatest business and professional asset of this type and one every other type might well emulate the average minded fat man near the door of a business establishment will make more customers in a month by his geniality joviality and sociableness than a dozen brilliant thinkers will in a year every business that deals directly with the public should have at least one fat person in it business liabilities a habit of evading responsibility and of getting out from under constitutes the inclination most harmful to the business or professional ambitions of this type again it is the child in him trying to escape the task set for it and at the same time to avoid punishment domestic strength love of home is a distinguishing domestic trait of all fat people the fat man's provision for his family is usually complete as his circumstances will permit and he often stretches it a point as parents fat men and women are almost too easygoing for their own future happiness for they spoil their children but they are more loved by their children than any other type being so nearly children themselves they make equals of their children enter into their games and live their lives with them domestic weakness dependence on others the tendency of allowing oneself to be supported by brothers or sisters or wife is the chief domestic weakness of fat people they should begin early in life to depend upon themselves and make it a practice to carry their share of family responsibilities should aim at developing more of his mental powers with a view to using his head to lessen the manual work he so dislikes and cultivating an interest in the more mature side of the world in which he lives should be two of the aims of all extremely fat people should avoid letting down soft snaps and temptations to evade responsibility should be avoided by the fat Albert Herbert said blessed is the man who is not looking for a soft snap for he is the only one who shall find it this explains why the fat man unless brainy seldom lands one strongest points optimism hospitality and harmony are the strongest points in the fat man's nature upon them many a man has built a successful life without them no individual of any type can hope to be happy his popularity in all rounded compatibility give the fat man advantages over other types which fairly compensate for the weak cogs in his machinery weakest points self indulgence of all kinds overeating oversleeping under exercising and the evasion of responsibilities are the weakest points of this type despite his many strong points his life is often wrecked on these rocks he so constantly tends to taking the easy way out day by day he gives up chances for ultimate success for the babbles of immediate ease he is the most likable of all the types but his indolence sometimes strains even the love of his family to the breaking point how to deal with this type socially feed him give him comfortable chairs the largest you have and don't drag him into long discussions of any kind this is the recipe for winning the fat man when you meet him socially and whatever you do don't tell him your troubles the fat man hates trouble smothers his own and you only make him ill at ease when you regale him with yours don't walk him any more than is absolutely necessary let him go home early when he starts he enjoys his sleep and doesn't like to have it interfered with make your conversation deal with concrete personal things and events stay away from high brow subjects the best places to eat and the best shows of the week are safe subjects to introduce when with very fat people how to deal with this type in business don't give him hard manual tasks if you want this kind of work done get someone other than an extremely fat man to do it if you hire a fat man blame yourself for the result give your fat employee a chance to deal with people in a not so serious way but hold him strictly to the keeping of his records reports and working hours if this fat person is a dealer a merchant or a tradesman keep him to his word start out by letting him know you expect the delivery of just what he promises don't let him jolly you into relinquishing what is rightly yours and keep in mind always that the fat person is usually good at heart remember the chief distinguishing marks of the allumentive in the order of their importance are rounded outlines immature features and dimpled hands a person who has these is largely of the allumentive type no matter what other types may be included in his makeup part one of chapter two of how to analyze people on site this is a liberal voice recording all liberal voice recording are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit liberal voice dot org how to analyze people on site through the science of human analysis the five human types by Elsie Lincoln benedict and Ralph Payne benedict section five of chapter two chapter two the forensic type the thriller individuals in whom the circulatory system heart arteries and blood vessels and the respiratory system lungs nose and chest are more highly developed than any other systems have been named the forensics this name comes from the fact that the heart and lungs which constitute the most important organs of these two closely allied systems are housed in the forex that little room made by a ribs for the protection of these vital organs physical resonance a journal elasticity of structure a suggestion of signals and physical resonance characterized this type the forehead face high chest individual what is known as a red face when accompanied by a high chest always signifies large forensic tendencies the high color which in an adult comes and goes is a short indication of a well developed circulatory system since high color is caused by the rapid pump link of blood to the tiny blood vessels of the face people with little blood weak hearts or deficient circulation are not for it and must be much overheated or excited to show vivid color in the cheeks betray their feelings on the other hand the slightest displeasure enjoyment surprise or exertion brings the blood washing to the face and neck of him who has a large well developed blood system how many times you have heard such a one say I'm so embarrassed I flush at every little thing how I am free the rest of you who come in from a long walk looking so cool the man of great chest expansion the largest part of this man's body is around the chest C-charts free his chest is high for the reason that he has larger lungs than the average advantages of a high chest the man of unusual chest expansion has one great physical asset the person who breathes deeply has a decided advantage over the man who breathes deficiently the lungs form the bellows or air supply for the body's engine the heart and with a deficient supply of air the heart does deficient work efficient breathing is easy only to the man of large lungs and only the high chest have large lungs long waist people a long waist is another thoracic sign for it is a natural result of the extra house room required by the large lungs and heart it is easily detected in both men and women C-charts free if you are close observer you have noticed that some people appear to have a waistline much lower than others that the belt line dividing the upper part of the body from the lower is proportionately much nearer to the floor in some than in others of the same height passing of the warps waist the strict up and down lines of today's woman and the slimsy shoulder to heeled garments she wears have obliterate her waistline but you will recall how differently the old warps waist fashions of our score of years ago betrayed the secrets of the short and long waist the 18 inch belt of which we were so falsely proud in 1900 told a mistakeable fast about Milady's thoracic development belt versus suspenders as the telltale belt disappear from women's wardrobe it appeared in men's and now betrayed the location of his waist with an exactness of which the old fashioned suspenders were never guilty to test yourself if you are men and have difficulty in getting ready made clothes long enough for you that is certain proof that you have decided thoracic tendencies if you are a woman who has to forego many a pretty gold because it is not long enough in the waist the same is true of you in women this long waist and high chest give the appearance of small hips and of shoulders a little broader than the average in men it gives that strict shoulder like bearing which makes this type of men admired and gazed after as he stride down the street the pearl for the head a high head is a significant characteristics of the typical thoracic C chart 4 the Anglo sessions tend to have this head and more than any other races exhibit thoracic qualities as racial characteristics this is considered the handsomest head known certainly it lands the appearance of nobility and intelligence it is not wide look at from the front back but in kinds to be slightly narrower for its height than the element of head the cat shaped face a face widest through the cheekbones and tapering slightly up the size of the forehead and downward to the jawbones is the face of the pure thoracic C chart 4 this must not be mistaken for the pointed chin nor the pointed head but it is mainly a sloping of the face upward and downward from the cheekbones as a result of the unusual width of the nose session C chart 4 his well developed nose the nose session is also high and wide because the typical thoracic has a nose that is well developed this is shown not only by its length but by its high bridge the course for the width and length of this session is obvious the nose constitute the entrance and exit departments of this breathing system large lung capacity necessitate a large chamber for the intake and expulsion of air size of good lungs whenever you see a man whose face is wide through the cheekbones with a long high bridge open nostril nose you see a man of good lung capacity and of quick physical energy when you see anyone with pinched nostril a face that is narrow through the cheekbones with a low or sway back nose you see a man whose lung capacity is deficient such a person invariably expands his physical energy more slowly freckles being due to the same causes as wet hair and high color are further indication of thoracic tendencies though you may belong to this type with or without them the typical thoracic hand the pointer hand is the hand of the pure thoracic C chart 4 looks the extreme length of the second finger and the pointer effect of this hand when all the fingers are laid together any person with a pointer hand such as this has good thoracic development whether it occupies first place in his makeup or not the fingers of the thoracic are also inclined to be more thin skinned than those of other types one may be predominantly thoracic without these elements but they are indication of the extreme thoracic type naturally the hand of the extreme thoracic is more pink than the average the beautiful foot the thoracic tends to have more narrow high arched feet than other types as a result this type makes the majority of the beautifully short the man of energetic movements a hair chicken nimblest goes with this type he is always pose ready to strike all thoracics use their hands arms wrists limbs and feet alertly and energetically they open doors handle implements and all kind of hand instruments with little blunt doing also their movement are more graceful than those of other types the thoracic work the springy step must have been invented to describe the work of the thoracic no matter how hurried his work has more grace than the work of other types he does not stumble and it is seldom that a thoracic steps on the chain of his partner's chrome the graceful sitter the way you sit tells a great deal about your nature one of the first secrets it betrays is whether you are by nature graceful or ungainy the person who sits gracefully who seems to drop himself becoming a partner chair and who arise from it with ease is usually a thoracic the excess of energy sometimes gives them the appearance of fidgeting but it is an easy graceful fidget and not as disturbing as that of other types keen eye and ear senses quick eye and keen ears are characteristics of the thoracics the millions of stimuli the sounds size and smells impending every working moment upon the human consciousness affect him more quickly and more intensely than any other type the accusiness of all our senses depends to a far greater extent than we have to suppose upon proper heart and lung action take long deep breaths for five minutes in the open air while walking rapidly enough to make your heart prompt and see how much keener your senses are at the end of that time the thoracic is chronically in this condition because his heart and lungs are going at top speed habitually and naturally all his life susceptible to heat because body temperature varies according to the amount of blood and the rapidity of escalation this type is always warmer than others he is extremely susceptible to heat suffer skinny in warm rooms or warm weather where filler rubs in winter the majority of the buffer at the pictures in summer are largely of this type the high strung nerves as though as a violin string due to his acute physical senses and his thin sensitive skin plus his incenses quickness make the thoracic what is known as high strung the most temperamental because he is lead to high C by nature the thoracic has more of that quality called temperament than any other type the work who said that temperament was mostly temper might have reversed it and still have been right for temper is largely a matter of temperament since the thoracic have more temperament it follows naturally that they have more temper or rather that they show it oftener just that they show the delightful qualities oftener a continuous performance this type consciously and unconsciously is a continuous performance he is showing you something of himself every moment and if you are interested in human nature as your reading of this book suggests you are going to find him a fascinating subject he is expressing his feelings with more or less abandoned all the time and he is likely to express as many as a dozen different ones in as many moments the quick temper flying off the handle and going up in the air are phrases originally inspired by our dear delightful fans the thoracic other types do this more or less temperamental things but they do not do that as frequently nor on as short notice as this type the human firefly is part and partial of the thoracic make up but did you ever see a fairy nature man who didn't have lots of warm friends it is the grunge in whom the fire starts slowly and smolders indefinitely that nobody likes but the man who flares up frame for a moment and is calm the next never lacks for companion the red haired one may belong to the thoracic type whether his head is blonde or brunette or any of the shades between but it is an interesting fact that most of the red haired are largely of this type he didn't have red hair for nothing is a famous phrase that has been applied to the red here quick tempered thoracic for generations you will be interested to note that this high color and high chest are distinctly noticeable in most of the red hair people you know certain proof that they approximate this type as you walk down the street tomorrow look at the people ahead of you and when you find a red hair notice how much more red his neck is than the neck of the people walking beside him this flush gain almost always red hair showing that most red hair people belong to this type the flesh in the pan the red haired man's temper usually expands itself instantly his red hot fairness is over in a moment but for every manomy he has two friends friends who like his flame even though in constant danger from it themselves whereas the element of choice you if he disagree with you the thoracic lies to tell you in a full hot word just what he thinks of you but the chances are that he will be so completely over it by lunchtime that he will invite you out with him desire for approbation to be admired and a wee bit envied are desires due to the heart of this type everybody to a larger or lesser degree desire these things but to no other type do they mean so much to this one we know this because no other type in any such numbers takes the trouble or makes the sacrifice necessary to bring down about as indicate desires the ego of every individual creates approval but the majority of the other types creates something else more the particular something in each case depending upon the type to which the individual belongs you can always tell what any individual wants most by what he does the man who thinks he wants a thing or wishes he want it talks about getting it and this though who has it and plans to start doing something about it but the man who really want a thing goes after it sacrifice his leisure his and sometimes love himself and guess it shines in public life the limelight appeals more to this type than to others because it goes further towards gratifying his desire for approbation so while other men and women are dreaming of fame the forensic practice pose and please his way to it the personal adaptation of the friends and of the multitude is the breath of life to him extremes of this type consider no self denial to great a price to pay for it many on the stage the stage in all its forms is as natural a field to the forensic as salesmanship is to the elementive the pleas of fun purpose and fearsome moments are usually ineffective with this type of boy or girl when he says his heart on a career before the foot lies or in the movies whether they achieve it or not will depend on other and chiefly mental tries in each individual's makeup but the yearning for it in some form is always there so the managers waiting rooms are always crowd with people of this type it is this intensity of desire which has gold and inspired more stage artists on to success in their chosen fields put yourself in his place to be able to put one's self in the role of another to feel at his field to be so keenly sensitive to his situation and psychology that one almost becomes that person for the time being is the heart and soul of acting the forensic has this sensitivity naturally after long study and acquaintance you may be able to put yourself in the place of a few friends the forensic does this instantly and automatically tendency not toll makes fame those who have succeeded to fame in any given line are wont to proclaim hard work is the secret of success and to take great credit out of themselves for the labor they have expanded on their own it is true of course that all success until hard work but the man or women suspiciously gift to rise to the heights gets from that gift such a strong inward urge towards his expression that what he does in that direction is not work to him the long hours concentration and study devoted to it are more pleasurable than painful to him he chooses such activities voluntarily nature the world nothing can rightly be called work which one does out of sheer preference work never made an address and work never made a singer where it needs talent for this us was lacking nature the true maker of every famous name between 90% and man if he has to can provide the other very necessary 10 but his sense of humor is not his sense of justice should be sufficient to prevent his trying to rub the almighty of his deal success for all every individual who is not feeble minded can be a success at some time in this big world every normal minded individual is able to create invent improve organize build or market some of the mirrored of things the world is crying for it at only those things in which his physiological and psychological mechanism perform their function easily and naturally why we work man is by inclination fairly to offer worker he is first a wonder a bundle of instincts second a filler a hustle of emotions last and least he's a finger what will work he does don't know because he likes it but because it serves one of this first two bundles of instincts when they decides for a lesser is stronger than the other urges lesser wins but in all ambitious men and women they decide for other things outweighs the lesser urge ambition and type now what is it that cause some to have ambition and others to lack it your ambitions take the form determined by your predominating physical logical system for instance in every great singer the forensic has been present either as the first or second element the effect of the physical upon our talents is no more marked anywhere than here for it is his unusual lung power his high chest the sounding voice in his nose session and his superior vocal cause that makes the real foundation of every singer's fame these physiological conditions are found in extreme degree only in persons of erratic tendencies it was the great lung power of Caruso that made him a great singer it was his remarkable heart power that brought him through an illness in February 1921 when every newspaper in the world carried on his front page the positive statement that he could not live another day that he lived for six months afterwards was still chiefly to his remarkable heart the nature resulting from a large heart and large lungs is one distinctly different from all others in short the forensic nature the best jest the best jest man and the best jest woman in your tongue belong preliminarily to this type this is no accident the forensic being possessed of acute eye sensors are more sensitive to color and light than any other type these are the foundation of style and artistic grooming clothes can amaze the man being desirous of the approval of others and realizing that though clothes do not make the man and make him this type looks to his laurel on this point because clothes determine the fresh impression we made upon strangers and because that impression is difficult to change clothes are of vast importance in this maze of human relationships the forensic is more sensitive to the attitude of other because that attitude is more vital to his self expression he senses from childhood remembering that clothes have fall or against him in the opinion of others and how they can aid him to express his personality the glass of fashion the forensic therefore often become the glass of fashion and the mode of fall his consciousness of himself is so keen that even when alone he prefers those things in jest which are at once fine fancy and fashionable but indifferent to clothes some ignorant of clothes and some deviant in their clothes but the forensic always have the keen sense of fitness in the matter of apparel distinction in jest the distinctive jest is one who assays the extremely fashionable the last moment touch he is always a step or two ahead of the times his ties handbags handkerchiefs and sick clothes are up to the minute such a man or woman invariably has a large forensic development and is well repaid by the public for his pains just the universal language the public looks more eagerly than we supposed to changes in styles and facts it gives in spite of his self instantaneous admiration of assault to those who follow the dictates of fashion being one of the quickest world to adulation it is often utilized by this type the newest in hairdressing the latest thing in croppers is always known by the forensic woman and because she is more often than any other type a beautiful woman she can wear her hair in almost any style and find it becoming so and puffs with the thing this type of woman not only war puffs but the most extreme and numerous puffs when the sticking to the face style was in work she bought much bandaline and essayed the slickest and shiniest head of all when the earbone raged she changed those same paper like curves overnight into veritable young silver cushions always on Jasper rate with intent to keep the spotlight on himself the forensic is always on Jasper rate he is vividly aware of himself he knows what kind of picture he is making he seldom self conscious in the sense of being timid when he does happen to be timid he suffers by reason of his greater desire for approval more accurately than any other type availability his key note instantaneous reaction to stimuli with all the reflex action resulting their form constitute the key note of this type this makes an individual who is physiologically and psychologically affectable because life is full of all kind of stimuli acting during every waking moment upon every sense in the organism any person who is high strong find himself in the middle of what might be called nerve battalom gets the most out of everything because of this same highly sensitized makeup the forensic get more sensations out of every incidence than the rest of us do he experience more joy in the space of a lifetime but also more disappointment the human violin for the same reason that violin vibrates to a greater number of sounds than the organ the forensic is a more vibrant individual than others he is impelled to an expressiveness of voice manner and action that often looks like returns to less impulsive people in other types it would be but to the forensic it is so natural and normal that he is often much surprised to hear that he has the reputation of being affected a reputation for flightiness this lighting like liveliness of face body and voice his quick replies and action to everything also cause him to be called flighty the quick finger we are prone to judge everyone by ourselves people whose mental or physical senses are less keyed up less sensitive call the forensic retro brain usually such a man's brain is not rattled at all it is working as all brings to in response to the message wishing it or the telegraph wire of the five senses in the forensic these wires happen to be more doubt than in other types he gets sensation from sight sounds taste touches and smells much more quickly than the rest of us do these messages are sent to the brain more rapidly and since sensation is responsible for much of our thinking this man brings things a little more sweetly than that of other types it is not necessarily think any better often it is need slowing down but compared to the thought power of some of the other type the forensic speed make up for much of his carelessness he makes more mistakes in judgment than other types but can write about face so quickly he usually writes them while other types are still trying to decide when to start to hold himself back is the hardest lesson for this type to learn his changeability this tendency to let himself go brings to the forensic a great deal of unhappiness and failure he promised so quickly that he often fails to take into consideration the various elements of the situation his physical senses tell him a thing should be done and rush him headlong into action that he knows are ill advised the moment he has time to think them over in turning around and writing his mistakes he often hears himself called trinket ball and resonating his batting average in this as in other things we have a tendency to us smugglers short sightedness and egoism the man who makes but one mistake a year because he makes but two decision is wrong 50% of the time yet he self satisfactorily consider himself superior to the forensic because he has caught the letter in six portfolios within six months at a rate the average forensic as this would be about one mistake in a thousand a much better batting average than the other man's but because the confidence of others in our stability is of prime importance to us all this type of anyone inclined to definite forensic tendency should take pains to prevent this impression from settling into the mice of his friends should get onto the highway the greatest reason for striving to a stability in action and most lowless in decision however is for his own future sake the man who is constantly making decision and being compelled to out of them gets nowhere he may have the best engine and the finest car in the world but if he runs first down this five half and then that he will make little progress on the main highway should have an aim an aim a definite goal is essential to the progress of any individual it should be made with care and in keeping with one's personality talents, training, education, environment and experience and having been made should be adhered to with the determination which does not permit little things to interfere with it end of session five of chapter two part two of chapter two of how to analyze people on site this is a liberal voice recording all liberal voice recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit liberal voice.org how to analyze people on site through the science of human analysis the five human types by Elsie Lincoln benedict and Ralph Payne benedict session six of chapter two eliminating not essentials the big problem of individual success is the problem of eliminating not essentials of hearing to the line letting the chips fall where they may most of the things that steal your time, strength, money and energy are nothing but chips if you pay too much attention to them you will never heal out anything worthwhile no vain regrets if you are thoracic don't regret the fact that you are not a one decision a year man but try to make fewer and better decisions your quickness caught into counsel will enable you to see from what instincts your mistake habitually arise and the direction in which most of them have pointed and you will see this with so much greater dispatch than the average person that you will lose little time you should begin today to analyze your most common error in judgment that you may guard against their recurrence always slightly filled even when currently composed the thoracic is always a repeat food everything he sees hears touches taste or smells give him such keen sensation that he lives momentarily in some kind of adventure he languages in an unchanging environment and find monotony almost unbearable lights and shadows never two minutes the same fitly describe this type he passes rapidly from one vivid sensation to another and expresses each one so completely that he is soon ready for the next he has fewer complexes than any other type because he does not inhibit as much the uncocked bottle the lid is always off the thoracic this being the case he suffered from mental congestion though he sometimes pay a high price for his self expression everybody is interesting most of us are much more interesting than the world suspects but the world is not made up of mind readers we keep our most interesting force the most interesting size of ourselves hidden away even the dearest friends are seldom given a pip into the actual you and this despite the fact that we all recognize this as a deficiency in others we bottle up ourselves and defy the world's all save the thoracic he allows his associates to see much of what is passing in his mind all the time because we are all interested in the world individual and not in mass this type is usually much short after no secretive the thoracic does not by preference cover up he does not by preference secret he does not accept when necessary keep his pen and waist dark he is likely to tell not only his family but his newest acquaintance just what he is planning to do and how he expects to do it the naturally secretive person who rightly refers to a certain party when he has occasion to speak of another is the exact opposite of this type his human interest we are all interested in the little comings and goings of our friends upon this every magazine and newspaper bills is human interest stories we may be indifferent to what the president of the united states is doing about international relations but what he had for breakfast is mightily interesting few people read in awkward addresses significant though they often are to the world and to the reader himself but if the president would write 10 volumes on just how I spend my Sundays it would be a bestseller naturally confidential personal experiences personal secrets and personal preference are subjects we are all interested in these are the very things in which the thoracic gals his friends and about which he is more frank and outspoken than any other type he makes many friends by his obvious openness and his capacity for seeing the interesting details which are the overlook charming conversational list colorful vivid words and phrases come easily to the tongue of this type for he sees the unusual the fascinating in everything since anyone can make a thing interesting to others if he is really interested in it himself the thoracic makes others see and feel what he describes he is therefore known as the most charming conversationalist beautiful voice the most beautiful voice belong to people who are largely of this type this is still as we have said before to physiological causes the high chest sensitive vocal chords capacious sounding both in the nose and roof of the mouth all tend to give the voice of the thoracic many nonsense and essence never found in other types his pleasing voice plus his vividness of his expressions and his lack of reticence in giving the intimate and interesting details are other tries which help to make the thoracic a lively companion the lure of spontaneity the most beloved people in the world are the spontaneous we list such drab lives ourselves and keep back so much we like to see a little nigara of human emotion occasionally the thoracic fills everything kidney life's experience make vivid record on the sensitive page of his mind he puts them on the rector that is himself and proceeds to run them off for your entertainment sometimes are bubbler a constant stream of talk must have been first said in describing this type for while others are carefully guarding their will feeling and force the thoracic goes on reliving himself of this more sedate and somber types call the thoracic bubbler or spouters just for this reason the insensitive talker that person's talk gets on my nerves is a remark often made by one of the state stiff type concerning the seldom silent extremely forward individual so natural is this to the thoracic that he is entirely unconscious of the wearing in fact he has on other people a sense of humor seeing the funny side of everything is a capacity which comes more naturally to this type than to others this is due to the psychological fact that nothing is truly humorous save what is slightly out of will humor lies in detecting and describing that intangible Kirk no type has the sensitiveness essential to this in any such degree as this thoracic individuals of other types sometimes possess a keen sense of humor this tried is not confined to the thoracic but it is a significant fact that almost every humorous of note has had this type as the first or second element in his big up the human fireworks he is a sky rocket or she is a firefly are phrases often used to describe that vicious individual who's adapt less as we party push the rest of the crowd in the background these people are always largely or purely thoracic they never belong predominantly to the fourth type the next time you find such a person look how his eyes fresh how his color comes and goes and the many indescribable gradation of voice which make him the center of things he is always shooting sparks set a man recently in describing a forward high chested friend never doubt commonly his line may not interest you but the thoracic himself is usually interesting he is an actual curiosity to the quiet inexpressive people who never can fathom how he managed to talk so friendly and so fast such a person is seldom doubt he is everything from a condiment to a cocktail and has the same effect on the average group of more or less trapped personalities lives in the highest and depths glad one moment and set the next is the way the ticker would read if it could make a record of the inner feelings of the average thoracic these feelings often come and go without his having the next notion of what causes them ordinarily these unaccountable moves are due to sensations which in his subconscious mind of which no cognizance is taken by his conscious processes called intuitive this ability to get things to respond quickly with his physical reaction while devoting his mental wants to something else has obtained for this type the reputation of processes more intuition than others sources of hunches that there is no such thing as intuition into all sense of getting a hunch from the outside is now agreed by psychologist the thing we have called intuition they maintain is not due to irregular or supernatural causes but to our own normal natural mental processes the impression that he gets this knowledge of suspicion from the outside is due the scientists say to the fact that his thinking has proceed at such lighting light speed that he was unable to watch the wheels go round the only thing of which he is conscious is a final result or some at the bottom of the column called this hunch he is not aware of the addition and succession which his mind went through to get it for him easily excited he is the most easily excited of all types but also the most easily calmed he recovers from every mood more quickly and more completely than other types under the influence of emotion he often does thing for which he is sorry immediately afterward on the sphere of the moment this type usually does a thing quickly or not at all he is a gun that is always cocked so he hits out great many things in the course of a lifetime at least the most exciting existence of any type being able to get through out of the most commonplace event because of seeing elements in it which are the overlook he finds in everyday life more lovely than others ever see the adventurers romance and adventure always interest this type he lives for through and noble reactions usually spares no pain or money to get them a very slangly but very expressive term used frequently by these people is I got a real kick out of that describing for adventure, suspense and jest usually lures this type into speculation gambling and various games of chance the danger in flying, deep sea diving, auto racing and similar foods have a strong appeal for this type so strong that actually every man or woman who follow these professions is of this type types of sameness the forensic soon types of the same suit, the same gun, the same house the same tongue and even the same girl he rings the utmost out of each experience so quickly and so completely that he is forever on the lookout for new worlds to conquer past experiences are to him as so many lemons out of which he has taken all the juice, he anticipates those of the future as so many more to be utilized in the same way like responsive people, we all like answers we want to be assured that what you have said or done has registered the forensic is always saying or doing something and can't understand why other people are so unresponsive he is as responsive as a radio wire, everything hits the mark with him and he lets you know it so naturally he enjoys the same from others and considers those less expressive than himself, stiff, formal or dull the kind of person the forensic likes best is one sufficiently like himself to not smile and show that he fully understands but who will not interrupt his dream of talk people he dislikes, the startlet indifference or cold forensic comes very near disliking, the evidence self-complexity and immobility are things he does not understand at all and with which he has little patience, such people seem to him to be cold and feeling almost dead so he is serious clear of them, it was surely a forensic who first called these people sticks but the reason for their acting like sticks will be apparent in another chapter whereas the element of avoid people he does not care for the forensic is inclined to betray his aversions he occasionally dislikes to put people he dislikes as a disadvantage by his wit or satire, the strong individual who walks through life like an alien pillar is a complete mystery to the forensic and the pillar returns the compliment we do not like anything we do not understand and we seldom understand anything that differs decidedly from ourselves thus we distrust and dislike foreigners and to a greater or lesser extent other families, people from other sessions of the country etc the eastern and western has a natural distrust of each other and civil war is not the only reason for the incompatibility of sufferers and northerners so it is with individuals, those who differ too widely in type never understand each other, they have too little of the chief thing that builds friendships, emotions in common the forgiving man, if you have once been a real friend of the forensic and a quarrel comes between you, he may be ever so bitter and biting in the moment of its anger but in most cases he will forgive you eventually really forget these agreements, it is not as easy for other types to forgive, they often refrain from attempting a reconciliation but the forensic's forgiveness is not only spontaneous but genuine, the element is fair no grunge, because it is too much trouble, the forensic finds it hard to maintain a grunge because he gets over it just as he gets over everything else his anger owes away or he wakes up some fine morning and finds like the boy recovering from the chicken balls that he simply hasn't ate anymore, diseases he is most susceptible to, acute diseases are the ones chiefly affecting this type, everything in his organism tends to suddenness and not to sameness, just as he is in kind to get into and out of psychological experiences quickly, so he is in kind to certain illnesses and to certain recuperations a forensic seldom has any kind of chronic ailment, if he acquires a super-abundance of agrupadubus, he is a ninja of apopacy, the combination of extreme forensic and extreme element tendencies is the cause of this disease likes fancy foods, variety and novelty in food are much enjoyed by this type, the element like loss of rich food but he is not so desirous of various or freak dishes, but the forensic specialize in them you cannot mention any kind of strange new dish whose investigation won't appeal to someone in a crowd and that person is always somewhat forensic, it gives him another promise of nervous, foreign dishes of all kind depend for the introduction into this country almost entirely important these foreign patrons, according to the statements of restauranters this type says, I will try anything once many cause dinners, if the food is good, are especially popular with them, the trimmings at dinner out of the ordinary surroundings in which to dine are always welcome to this type, the handling, pictures and furniture mean much to him, most people like music at most, but to the forensic it is almost indispensable, he is so alive in every nerve, so keyed up and has such intense capacity for enjoyment of many things simultaneously that he demands more than other types an attentive waiter who ministers to every movement and anticipates every wish is also a favorite with the forensic when out for dinner, sensitive to his surroundings, colorful surroundings are more necessary to the forensic than to other types, the ever-changing fashion in house decorations are welcome innovations to him, he grows tired of a thing regardless of how much he like it to be a game with take notice amongst your friends, and you will see that the girl who changes the furniture all around every few weeks in invariably of this type, it makes me feel that I have changed my location and takes the place of a trip, explain one girl not know a goal, warns something different the exact color of handings, wallpaper, interior decorations and accessories are matter of vital important to this type, whereas the element of demand comfort, the forensic ask for something different something that catches and holds the eyes, that make an instantaneous impression upon the all know girl, and gives him one more thing by which to remember the personality of the one who lives there, this type consider his room and home as part of himself and takes the pains with them which he bestow upon his clothes, when he is rich, wealth to the forensic means unlimited opportunity for achieving the unusual in everything, his tastes are more extravagant than those of other types uncommon works of art are usually found in the homes of this type, the most extraordinary things from the most extraordinary places are special preference with him he carries out his desire for attention here as in everything else, and what he buys will serve that end directly or indirectly, fashion and flair, flair absolutely describe the quality with the pure forensic design in all that touches him and his personality, it must have worth and goal and distinctiveness, it must be the latest and the thing, he is the last type of all to submit to wearing last year suit, singing last year songs or driving is a last year's model like stash, the forensic warns everything he wears, drives, lives in or owns to get across to make an impression, the fat man loves comfort above all else but the forward man loves distinction, he does not demand such easy to wear garments as the fat man, on the contrary he will undergo extreme discomfort if it gives him a distinctive appearance, he warns his house to be elegant, the grounds different, the real unusual, has color sense whereas the fat man when furnishing a home devotes his attention to soft vest, steam heat and plenty of cushioned difference the forensic things of the chandeliers, the unusual chairs the pretty front door step, the landscape gardening and the color schemes, when he is in moderate circumstances when only well to do, this type will be fun to have carried out furnishing and decoration with the taste worthy of much larger purses when merely well to do, he wears the very best coats he can possibly afford and often a good deal better, this type does not purpose to be outwitted by life, he tries always to put up a good showing, when he is poor the forensic is seldom poor, he has so much personality ginger and gold of the salt that is required in the world of today he usually has a good position, he may not like the position but in spite of the fact that he finds it harder to tolerate disagreeable things than any other type, he will endure it for he knows that the rewards he is after cannot be had by the down and outer, the natural and normal vanity of the forensic stands him in hand here more than in almost any other place in life, the world entertained by them behind every row of foot light, you will find more people of this type than any other, the elementive manages the world but the forensic entertains it, he comprises more of the dancers actors, operatic stars and general entertainers than any other two types combined, in everything save acrobatics and oratory, he holds the platform levels as already pointed out, his other ability continuity and love of approval are responsible for this his fastidious habits, the forensic is the most fastidious of all the types, his thin skin and sensitive nerves makes him more conscious of roughness and no veneers than others, the result is that he is what is called more particular about his person than other types the fat man often wears an old pair of shoes long past their usefulness, but the forward man thinks more of the impression he creates than of his own personal comfort and will wear the shiniest of patterned knitters on the hottest day if they are the best match for his suit, lights or music every kind of music is enjoyed by the pure forensic because he experiences so many moods, entertainment he prefers social affairs of an exclusive order where he wears his bat bit and tucker and everybody else does the same are amongst the favorable diversions of this type he makes a favorable impression under such condition and is well aware of it, other reason for this preference are his brilliant conversational powers, his charm and his enjoyment of other people and their viewpoints, the forensic is also exceedingly fond of dancing, enjoys voodooville the average forensic and joy voodooville follows a breath roof etc because they are full of quick changes of program he enjoys as does every type, certain kinds of movies but he constitutes no such percentage of the movie going audience as some other types reading, books and stories that are romantic, adventurous and different are the favorites of this type detective stories are often in high favor with him also physical assets, the physical advantages of this type are his quick energy based on his wonderful breathing system and the rich rapid flowing blood produced by his wonderful heart system, he is noted for his ability to get his second win and has remarkable capacity for rising to sudden physical emergencies, physical liabilities a tendency to over-excitement and the consequence running down of his factories is a physical pitfall often fatal to this type favorite sports, hurtling, sprinting, tennis and all sports requiring short intense spurts of energy are the ones in which these types excels social assets, charms and responsiveness are the chief social assets of the forensic, as much as this are the most valuable of all social traits, he has a better natural start in human relationships than any other type social liabilities, quick timbre, his infamable nature and appearance of vanity are his greatest social liabilities they stand between him and success many times he must learn to control them if he decide to reap the full benefit of his remarkable assets in standards sympathy and lack of poisonous inhibitions are the outstanding emotion assets of this type emotional liabilities, impatient micro emotions and the expenditure of too much of his electricity in every little experience are the tendency most to regard against business assets, that he is a good mixer and has the magnetic sum to interest and attract others are his more valuable business traits, business liabilities an appearance of fightiness and his tendency to hop from one subject to another stand in the way of the forensic promotion many times, domestic strength the ability to entertain and please his own family and to give of himself to them as freely as he gives himself to the world at large is one of the most loveable phoretic traits domestic weakness, the temperament and temper of this type constitute a world domestic problem for those who live with them but they are so forgiving themselves that it is almost impossible to hold anything against them the forensic should aim at making fewer decisions at finishing what he starts and of raising less energy in unnecessary words and motions all situations, conditions and people who sleep about off the will, who tend to cut life off into bits by dissipation or pleasure seeking, should be avoided by this type because they aggregate his own weakness in that direction strong points, personal ambition, editability and quick physical energy are the strongest point of the phoretic weakest points, too great excitability and super sensitiveness are the weakest points of this type how to deal with this type socially give him aesthetic surroundings and encourage him to talk and respond to what he says, these are the certain methods for running him in social intercourse how to deal with this type in business, get his name on the dotted line now or don't expect it, if he is an employee let him come into contact with people, give his personality a chance to get business for you, don't forget to praise him when he served and don't pin him down to routine, this type succeeds best in professions where his personal charm can be capitalized and does not belong in any strictly commercial business remember the chief distinguishing mark of the phoretic in the order of the importance are flustered, complexion, high chest and long waist, any person who has this is largely of the phoretic type, no matter what other types may be include in his make up, end of session 6 of chapter 2 section 1 of chapter 3 of how to analyze people on site, this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain, for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recording by Paul Andrews how to analyze people on site through the science of human analysis the 5 human types by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Payne Benedict section 1 of chapter 3 chapter 3, the muscular type, the worker people in whom the muscular system is proportionally larger are more highly developed than any of their other systems are musculars of the mussels of the organism, the lean meat types the muscle system of the human body is simply a coordinated organized arrangement of layers of lean meat of which every individual has a complete set an individual's muscles may be small, flabby, deficient in strength or so thin as to be almost imperceptible but they're always there elementary in the infant, full grown in the adult and remnants in the aged, but they're so smoothly fitted together, so closely knitted and usually so well covered that we seldom realize their complexity or their importance. In the pure muscular type his muscles are firm and large, such muscles cannot be disguised but seem to stand out all over him helpless without them, we would be helpless masses of fat and bone we could not blink an eye nor lift a finger, yet we are so accustomed to them that we rarely think of them and seldom give them credit for what they do without their wonder work to adjust the eyes we could not see without their power the heart would cease to beat we cannot smile so speak nor sing without using them we would have no pianists, violinists, dancers, aviators, inventors or workers of any kind without them everything we put together from hooks and eyes to skyscrapers is planned by our brains but depends for its materialization upon the muscles of the human body how to know him, look at any individual and you'll note one of these three conditions, that his bones seem to be covered by just skin and sinews which means that he belongs to the fourth type or thickly padded with fat in which case he is largely the first type or well upholstered with firm meat, in the latter case he is largely muscular no matter what other types may be present in his makeup in a short time you'll be able to tell at a glance whether the padding on an individual is mostly fat or mostly muscle because fat is always round and soft or muscle is firm and definite physical solidity, a general solidity of structure as distinguished from the softness of the elementive and the resilience of the thoracic characterises the muscular, poke your finger into a fat man's hand and though it makes a dent that dent puffs back quickly do the same to a muscular and you'll find a firmness and toughness of fibre that resists but stays there longer once the dent is made not so malleable, this little illustration is just typical of the differences between these two natures throughout their entirety just as a fat man's face gives to your touch he will give into you more easily than any other type but he will go back to the same place sooner and more smoothly when your pressure is removed the muscular does not mould so easily is less suggestible, is less tractable than the elementive or thoracic but is less likely to revert afterwards built on the square, on the square is a figurative expression usually applying to a moral tendency, in this sense it is as often possessed by one type as another, but in a purely literal sense the muscular is actually built on the square, his whole figure is a combination of squares the elementive is built upon the circle the thoracic on the kite shape but the pure muscular always tends to ward a squareness of outline, we repeat he is no more square morally than any other type so don't make the mistake of attributing any more of this virtue to him than to others each type has its own weaknesses and points of strengths as differentiated from other types and these are responsible for most of the moral differences between people no type superior morally since moral weaknesses come from type weaknesses and since each type possesses about as many weaknesses as the others it follows that no type is superior morally to any other and no type is morally inferior to any other type and temptation morality is mostly a matter of how much temptation you can withstand every individual in a civilized community is surrounded by temptations of some kind most of the time, he does not want to yield to any of them every man and woman does the best of which his particular type is capable under a given circumstance, each individual resists many temptations for which we fail to give him credit, he yields only to those which make such a strong appeal to his type that he lacks the power of resistance in other words each person yields to the temptations that prey upon his particular weaknesses and what his weaknesses are will depend upon his type in the grip of these temptations he may commit anything from discurty as he to crime according to the strength of the temptation plus his own leaning in that direction, on the other hand certain immoralities which appear strongly to some types have no attraction whatever for others and these latter get credit for a virtuousness that has cost them nothing praise and punishment, on the other hand each one of the five human types has certain points of strength and from these gets its natural moral qualities, we spend a great deal of energy giving praise and blame but when we realise as we're doing more and more that the type of an individual is responsible for most of his acts we will give less of both to the individual and more of both to the creator type versus training, the most that training can do is to brace up the weak spots in us to cultivate the strong ones and to teach us to avoid inimmicable environments and to constantly remind us of the penalties we pay whenever we digress. Child Training as this great science of human analysis becomes known the world will understand for the first time how the other half lives and why it lives that way, we will know why one child just naturally tells fibs while his twin brother under identical training just naturally tells the truth, what is more to the point will know this in their childhood and be prepared to give to each the kind of training which will weed out his worst and bring out his best. Short and Stocky the extreme muscular type is below medium height though one of any height may be largely muscular the extreme type of which we are treating in this chapter is shorter and heavier than the average but his heaviness is due to muscle instead of fat he has the appearance of standing firmly solidly upon the ground being stout and strong. The Square Shouldered Man The muscular shoulders stand out more nearly at right angles than those of any other type and are much broader in proportion to his height the Alimentive has sloping shoulders and the Thoracic inclines to high shoulders but the shoulders of the pure muscular are straighter and have a squareness where the Alimentives have curves. This accounts for the fact that most of the square shoulder men you have known were not tall men but medium or below medium in height. The wide square shoulders do not accompany any other pure muscular type though naturally they may be present in an individual who is a combination has proportionately long arms the arms of pure musculars are longer in proportion to the body than the arms of other types the arms of the Alimentive are short for his body but the extreme muscular arms are always anywhere from slightly longer to very much longer than his height would lead you to expect. The Pure Muscular Head a square head is the first thing you think of when you look to pure muscular. His head has no such decided digressions from the normal as the round head of the Alimentive or the kite shape head of the Thoracic. It is not high for his body like the Thoracic nor small for his body like the Alimentives but it is of average proportions his thick neck a distinctive feature of this type is his thick neck. It is not fat like that of the Alimentive nor medium long like that of the Thoracic but has unusual muscularity and strength. This is one of the chief indications of the muscular strength a sturdy neck is one of the most significant indications of physical prowess and longevity. While the frail neck of which we shall speak in connection with the fifth type is always a sign of the physical frailty which endangers life. The thickness of his neck may sometimes give you the impression that the muscular head is small but if you look again you'll see that it is normal for his bodily size. His square face looking at him from directly in front you will see that the muscular's face gives you an impression of squareness. You will also notice that his side head, cheeks and jaw run up and down in such a way as to give him a right-angled face. His square jaw. A broad jaw is another characteristic of this type not only is it square looked at from the front but you're pretty sure to note that the jaw bones as they proceed downward under the ear tend to make a right-angled turn at the corners instead of a rounded curve. These dimensions tend to give the whole lower part of the muscular's face a box-like appearance. It is considered becoming to men but it robs its females owners of the delicate pointed chin so much desired by women. The typical muscular hand. Notice the hands of the people you meet and you'll be surprised to see how different and how interesting they are. Their size, shape and structure as seen from the back of the hand are especially significant and tell us much more about the individual's nature than the palm does. Perhaps you have thought that the hand was just a hand but there are hands and hands. Each pure type has its own and no other is ever seen on the extreme of that type. The hand of the muscular, like all the rest of his body, is built in a series of squares. It runs out from the wrist and down in a straighter line and tends to right angles. The square fingers of this type. Spatulate fingers meaning fingers that are square or paddle shaped at the tips assure indications of a dedicated muscular tendency. He may have other types in combination but if his fingers are really square sword off at the ends in such a way as to give them large instead of tapering ends that person has more than average muscularity and the activities of his life will tend in the directions referred to in this chapter. The manual worker. Musculars are the hand workers of the world. They are the artisans, craftsmen constructors and builders. We all tend to use most of these organs or parts of the body which are largest and most highly developed. The muscular's hand is proportionally larger than the hand of any other type. It has more muscle than one element without which good hand work is impossible. So it is followed inevitably that the manual worker of the world is done largely by musculars. Their hands are also so much more powerful that they do not tire easily. The hand of a creative artist. The artist's hand and the artistic hand are phrases long used but misused. Delicate tapering fingers were supposed in ancient times to denote artistic ability. The frail curving hand was also supposed to be the sign of an artistic talent. From the stage of old down to the movies of today, the typical artist is pictured with a slight slender hand. This tapering fingered hand denotes a keen sense of artistic values. A love of the aesthetic refined and beautiful. A real artistic appreciation but not the ability to create. The hand arts. Before we explain this kindly understand that we're speaking only of these arts which require hand work and not of such arts such as singing, dancing or musical composition which could more properly be called artistic activities. We are referring only to those arts which depend upon their creation upon the human hand such as painting, architecture craftsmanship, cartooning, sculpture, violin, piano etc. All these are created by square fingered people. We are too much inclined to think of the products of these arts as being created out of sheer artistic sense, artistic taste or artistic insight. But a moment's reflection will show that every tangible artistic creation is the result of unusual hand work combined with gifted head work. Without a sure, strong, well knit hand, the ideas of the greatest artists could never have materialized. The lack of such a hand explains why the aesthetic, the artistic minded and the connoisseur do not create the beautiful things they appreciate. Head and hand partners. The hand must execute what the brain plans and it must be so perfect a mechanism for this that it responds to the most elusive inspirations of the artist. It must be a 50% partner else its owner will never produce real art. No type has this strong, sure, coordinated hand machine to any such degree as the muscular. The finger ends of the utmost significance in the creation of artistic things must be fitted with the well-developed muscles of extreme efficiency or the execution will fall short of the ideal pictured in the artist's mind. The pure muscular type seldom makes an artist for, after all inspired brain work is the other important element in the creation of art and this is the forte of the fifth type. A combination of the fifth type with the muscular makes most hand artists. A combination of the muscular and thoracic makes most singers. Every hand artist will be found to have spatula-fingered hands in short muscular hands. The hand of the famous craftsman, pianist, sculptor and painter instead of being more frail and delicate is always larger and heavier than that of the average person. Such a hand is a certain indication of the muscular element in that individual's make-up. His powerful movements forceful and decisive movements also characterize this type. He is inclined to go at even the most trivial things with as much force as if the world depended on it. Recently we were exhibiting a small pencil sharpener to a muscular friend. It was so sharp that it performed its work without pressure but she took hold of it as if it were a piece of artillery and pushed the pencil into it with all the force she had. When we remonstrated smilingly for her face and hands are ultra-square she said but I can't do anything lightly I just naturally put that much force into everything. His forceful walk. Heavy, powerful, forceful strides distinguish the walk of this type. If he has but ten steps to go he will start off as if beginning an around-the-world marathon. You hear him coming. All musculars notify people by their walk of their approach. They are unconscious of this loud incisive tread and most of them will be surprised to read it here but their friends will recognise it. The chances are they've often spoken of it amongst themselves. The loud voice. The steam caliope voice belongs almost always to a muscular. He does his talking just as he does everything else with all of his might. It is very difficult for a muscular to tone down this powerful voice. His long-suffering friends will testify to this characteristic. His stentorian tones. This loud voice is a serious social handicap to him. His only chance of compensation for it lies in its use before juries, congregations or large audiences. It might be noted here that every great orator has been largely of this type and also that his fame came not alone from the things he said but from the stentorian tones in which he said them. Famous male singers. Caruso, John McCormack and all other famous male singers had large thoracic systems but in every instant it was combined with a large muscular development. The solid sitter. When a muscular sits down he does it as he does everything with a definiteness and force. He does not spill over as does the elementative nor drape himself gracefully like the thoracic but planks himself as though he meant business. Activity his keynote. Because he's especially built for it the muscular is more active than any other type. Without muscles no organism could move itself from the spot in which it was born. Biology teaches us that the stomach was the first thing evolved. The original one core organism possessed but one function digestion. As life progressed it became necessary to send nutriment to those parts of the organism not touched by the stomach. For the purpose of reaching these suburbs there was involved the musculatory or thoracic system and this gave rise as we have seen in the previous chapter to the thoracic type. Movement and development. As time went on movement became necessary. Full development not being possible to any static organism and to meet this need muscles were evolved and organic life began to move. It was only a wiggle at first but that wiggle has grown until today it includes every time of labour globetrotting and immigration. The muscular is fitted with the best travelling equipment of any type and invariably lives a life whose main reactions express these things. The immigrant muscular. No matter what his work or play the muscular will make more moves during the course of a day than other types. He loves action because his muscles being over equipped for it keep urging him from within to do things. As a result this type makes up most of the immigrants of the world. Italian, Poles, Greeks, Russians, Germans and Jews are largely of this type and these are races furnishing the largest number of foreigners in America. Inertness irks him. Shut up a muscular and you destroy him. His big muscle system cries out for something to do. He becomes restless, nervous and ill when confined or compelled to be idle. The elementive loves an easy time but the muscular dislikes ease except when exhausted. Even then it is almost impossible to stop him. Must be doing something. I can't bear to be doing nothing you often hear people say. Such a person always has plenty of muscle. Musculars want to feel that they are not wasting time. They must be up and doing, accomplishing something. If there is nothing near them that needs doing they are sure to go and find something. The born worker. Work is second nature to this type. He really prefers it. Everyone likes some kind of work when in the mood if it serves a purpose or an ideal. But the muscular likes work for its own sake or rather for the activities sake. Work pulls on the elementive and monotony on the ferrassic but leisure is what pulls on the muscular. He may have worked ten years without a vacation and he may imagine he wants a long one but by the morning of the third day you will notice he has found a piece of work for himself. It may be nothing more than hanging the screen door, chopping the wood or dusting the furniture but it will furnish him some kind of activity. Because he enjoys action for its own sake and because work is only applied action this type makes the best worker. He can be trusted to work harder than any other type. Requires less watching. It is no accident that the 300 men, gangs of foreign workmen who dig ditches, tunnels and tubes, construct buildings, railroads and cities work with fewer foremen and supervisors than are ordinarily required to keep much smaller forces of other employees at their posts. End of section 1 of Chapter 3. Part 2 of Chapter 3 of How to Analyze People on Site. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Paul Andrews How to Analyze People on Site through the Science of Human Analysis. The Five Human Types by L. C. Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Payne Benedict. Section 2 of Chapter 3. Sell Them Unemployed For this reason the muscular is seldom out of work. He's in demand at the best current wages because he can be depended upon to keep at it. While writing this book our windows overlooked a public park in one of America's 1 million population cities. Hundreds of unemployed men sleep their day and night. Having occasion to pass through this park daily for several months it's been interesting to note the types predominating. Hardly 1% belong to the muscular type. Likes to do things Because he is such a hard worker this type gets a good deal of praise and glory just as the fat people who manage to get out of work receive a good deal of blame. Yet work is almost as pleasant to the muscular as leisure is to the alimentive. The Muscular's Pugnacity Fighters, those who really enjoy a scrap occasionally are invariably musculars. Their square jaws, the sure sign of a great muscularity are famous the world over and especially so in these days when war is once more in fashion. The next time you look at the front faces of Pershing, Hague, Hindenburg or even that of your traffic policeman, note the extremely muscular face and jaw. Combat or personal fighting is a matter of muscle action being well equipped for it, this type actually enjoys it. That is why he is often in trouble than any other type. It was no accident that the phrase Big Stick was the slogan of an almost pure muscular. Loves the Strenuous Life The Strenuous Life was another of Roosevelt's pet phrases and came from the natural learnings of his type. The true muscular is naturally strenuous. Because we are prone to advise others to do what we enjoy doing ourselves, it was inevitable that a strenuous man as TR should advocate wholesale, universal and almost compulsory strenuosity. We tell others to do such things because it will do you good. But the real reason usually is that we like to do it ourselves. The Acrobatic Type The next time you go to a vaudeville show, get in there in time for the acrobatics and notice how all the participants are musculars. If there are any other types taking part, please observe that they are secondary to the acrobats. They catch the handkerchief or otherwise actors' foils for the real performers. All the hard work in the act will be done by the musculars. You'll find no better examples of the short, stocky, well-knit pure muscular than here. You do not need to wait for another show to realise how true this is. Recall the form and height of all the acrobats you've ever seen. You will remember that there was not one who did not fit the description of a pure muscular given at the beginning of this chapter. Acrobats Always Muscular We once had occasion to refer to this fact in a human analysis class. One member declared that just that week he had seen a very tall, unmuscular man performing an acrobatic act at the Orpheum. Knowing that this was impossible, we offered a large reward to this member if he were proven right. We sent to the theatre and found the acrobating question. He had just finished his act and kindly consented to come over. He turned out to be a pure muscular as we had stated. The class member's mistake came from the fact that the acrobat appeared taller than he really was. High platforms always give this illusion. Furthermore, his partner in the act was of diminutive height and the acrobat looked tall and slender by contrast. Why They Don't Do It To be an acrobat is the ambition of almost every boy. They've been few who did not dream while doing those stunts in the haymow or mother's broomsticks of the glory that should be theirs when they grew up and performed in red tights for the multitudes. Almost every boy has this ambition because he passes through a stage of decided muscular development in his early years. But only those who are born with much larger muscles than the average ever carry out their dreams. The others soon develop girth or the sitting still habit to the point where a cushioned seat in the first row of the parkie looks much better. The ability in clothes. Something that will wear well is what this type asks for when he drops in to buy a suit. Musculars are not parsimonious nor stingy. They're buying the most durable in everything is not so much to save money as for the purpose of having something they do not need to be afraid to handle. Likes heavy materials. This type likes heavy, stable materials. Whereas the elementive wants comfortable clothes and the thoracic distinctive ones, the muscular wants wearable everyday clothes. He wants the materials to be of the best, but he cares less for colour than the thoracic. Quality rather than style and plainness rather than prettiness are his standards in dress. Making over father's pants for Johnny is a job muscular women have excelled in and for which they have become famous. For this type of mother only sees to it that the father's pants are the kind of stuff that won't wear out easily but she has the square creative hand that enjoys the construction. The plain dresser. Simple dresses blue surge for instance are the one the muscular woman likes. This type cares little about clothes as ornamentation. He is intent on getting his desires satisfied by doing things not by looking at them. He also resents the time and trouble that fashionable dressing demands. No matter how much money this type has he will not be inclined to extremes in dress. Musculars are not really interested in clothes for clothes's sake. It is not that this type is unambitious he's extremely so, but he's so concentrated on getting things done that he's likely to forget how he looks while he's doing them. When a person of this type does take great pains with his clothes it is always for a purpose and not because he enjoys pruning himself. There is little of the peacock in the muscular. A simple soul Musculars are the most democratic of all types. The thoracic is a natural aristocrat and enjoys the feeling of a little innocent superiority but musculars often refuse to take advantage of superior positions gained through wealth or station and are inclined to treat everybody as an equal. It is almost impossible for this type even though he may have become or may have been born a millionaire to lord it over servants or subordinates. He's given to backing democratic movements of all kinds and that explains why musculars constitute the majority in every radical group. Humanness is hobby being human is an ideal to which this type is with an almost religious zeal. He likes the commonplace things and is never a follower after the thing though he has no prejudices against it as the fourth type has. An everyday individual the muscular does not care for show and except when essential to the success of his aim seldom does anything for appearances. He's not an easygoing companion like the alimentive nor a scintillating one like the thoracic but an everyday sort of person when in trouble. This type is not given to sliding out of difficulties like the alimentive nor to being temporarily submerged by them like the thoracic. He stands up to them and backs them down. When in trouble he acts instead of merely thinking. The most practical type. The practicalist is often used to describe this type. He's inclined to look at everything from the standpoint of its practicality and is neither stingy nor extravagant. He likes what works will it work is the question this type puts to everything if it won't though it be the most fascinating or the most diverting thing in the world he will take little interest in it. This type depends mostly upon his own hands and his head to make his fortune for him and is seldom lured into risking money on things he hasn't seen. The natural efficiency expert. The shortest surest way is the one this type likes. He's not inclined to fussiness he insists on things being done in the most efficient way and he usually does them that way himself. He's not an easy man to work for but quick to reward merit. The muscular does not necessarily demand money nor the things that money buys but he tries to get the workable out of life. The property owner. This type likes to have a fair bank account and to give his children a worthwhile training. He's less inclined to predict them with frills but he will plan years ahead for their education. These are not rigid parents like the fourth type or lenient like the elementives nor temperamental with their children like the thoracics but practical and very efficient in their parenthood. They fond of their children but they don't spoil them as often as some of the other types do. They bring up their children to work and teach them early in life how to do things. As a result the children of this type become useful at an early age and usually know how to earn a living if necessary. The necessities. The necessities of life are things this type demands and gets whereas the elementive demands the comforts and the thoracic the unusual the muscular demands essentials. He's willing to work for them so he usually succeeds. He's not given to rating frills and fripperies as necessities but demands the things everyday men or women need for everyday existence. Naturally he goes after them with the same force he displayed in everything else. His heart and soul in things. When someone shows great intensity of action directed towards a definitive end we often say he puts his heart and soul into it. This phrases a purpose of almost everything the muscular does. He makes no half hearted attempts. An enthusiast enthusiasm does all things said Emerson and therein explain why this type accomplishes so much. The reason back of the muscular's enthusiasm is interesting. All emotions powerfully affect muscles. A sad thought flits through your mind and instantly the muscles of your face droop and the corners of your mouth go down. Hundreds of similar illustrations with which you're already familiar serve to prove how close is the connection between emotions and muscles. The heart itself is nothing more nor less than a large tough leather like muscle. Possessing the best equipment for expressing emotion the muscular is constantly on automatically using it. Therefore he becomes an enthusiast over many things during the course of his lifetime. This enthusiasm literally burns his way to the things he wants. The plain talker. When deeply moved this type talks well. If the mental element is also strong he can become a good public speaker he will then have all the qualifications. A powerful voice. Human sympathy, democracy and simplicity. In private conversation he's inclined to use the verbal hammers too much and to be too drastic in his statements, accusations etc. But he means what he tells you. No more and usually not much less. He avoids long words and complicated phrases even when well educated and speaks them with directness and decisiveness. Straight from the shoulder might be used to describe the method of the pure muscular in what he does and says. He does not dear dealing fur bellows dislikes the superfluous and the superficial. He goes through life over the shortest roads. Likes the common people. Plain folks like himself are the kind this type prefers for friends. He enjoys them immensely but does not cultivate as a large number of them as does the thoracic nor have as many acquaintances as the elementive. Snubs the snobs. The snobby dislike by everyone but is the especially version of this type. Being so democratic himself and living his life among such commonplace lines he's no patience with people who imagine they are better than others or carry the air of superiority. The only person therefore whom the muscular is inclined to snub is the snob. He's not overrode by him and enjoys taking him down a peg whenever he tries his high and mighty airs on him. Defends the underdog. Standing by the underdog is a kind of religion with this type. He glories in fighting for the downtrodden. This explains why he's so often a radical. Much of this vehemence in radicalism is due to the fact that he feels he is getting even with the snobs of the worlds, the plutocrats, when he furthers the causes of the proletariat. Often the warpath. To have it out with you is the first inclination of when this type becomes angry. He's apt to say atrocious things and to exaggerate his grievances. Everything must yield to his dander once it is up. Being possessed of a highly developed fighting equipment he's like a battleship with every gun in place most of the time. He is frequently in violent quarrels with his friends and since he doesn't recover from his anger quickly like the thoracic he often loses them for life. The most generous friend. When they like you the most abandoned in their generosity of all the types they go the limit for you as the westerners says and they go it with their money, time, love and enthusiasm. All types do this for short periods occasionally and for a very few choice friends but the muscular often does it for the people he scarcely knows if they strike his fancy or appeal to him. His heart and his home belong to the stranger almost as completely as to his family for he doesn't feel a stranger to anyone. He feels from the first moment an axe as though he'd known you always. This accounts for his democracy for his success as an orator and sometimes for his being broke. Not a quick forgiver but disappoint him in anything he considers vital and he does not overlook it easily. He finds it especially difficult to forgive people who take advantage of the generosity he so lavishly extends but he doesn't make his hate a lifelong one as the fourth type does. With all his own giving to others he seldom takes much from others. The naturally independent. Standing on his own legs is a well-known trait of the muscular. Dependence is bread of necessity. This type being able to get for himself most of the things he wants rarely finds it necessary to call upon others for assistance. Love of self-government plus fighting pluck both of which are inherent in the muscular Irish race are responsible for their long struggle of independence. Like plain foods. Meat and potatoes are the favourite diet of the average American muscular. The alimentive wants richness and sweetness in food. The thoracic wants variety and dangerous. But the muscular wants large quantities of plain food. The alimentive specializes in desserts. The thoracic in unusual dishes. But the muscular wants solid fare. He's so fond of meat it's practically impossible for him to confine himself to a vegetable diet. When he is in moderate circumstances. The muscular is often found in moderate circumstances. He's really far below or far above them. Many of the plain simple everyday things he desires can be secured by people of average means. He does not feel the necessity for becoming a millionaire to obtain comforts like the alimentive nor for extravagances like the thoracic. When he is rich. Philanthropy marks the expenditures of this type whenever he is rich. He doesn't spend as much money for donations but enjoys investing in what he deems the real. That is other human beings. The most plain and durable things in furnishings, architecture and service characterise the rich of this type in their homes. The world's work done by musculars. Broadly speaking the fat man manages the world. The florid man entertains the world. And the muscular man does the work of the world. He composes most of the day labourers, the middle men the manual and mechanical toilets the world around as we have stated before. He could get out of hard places into better paid ones if he did not like activity so well. But lacking the love of ease and show he's willing to work hard for the testes of life. Simple habits. The musculars nature does not demand the exciting, gregarious or the food and drink things that lead towards laxity. He is seldom a dissipator. He likes to go to bed early, work hard and make practical progress in his life. He leads the simple and yet the most strenuous existence of any type. Entertainment he enjoys plays about plain people, their everyday experiences hopes and fears are the kind that interest this type most. The problem play of a decade ago was a prime favourite with him. He likes everything dealing with his everyday commonplace affairs for which he's most familiar. He frequently goes to serious lectures, something the pure inventive always avoids and he especially enjoys them if they deal with the problem of the here and now. He cares little for comic opera, vaudeville or reviews because he feels they serve no practical purpose and get him nowhere. This type does not attend the theatre merely to be amused. He goes for light on his everyday experiences and usually considers time wasted that he's spent solely on entertainment. Music he likes. Band music, stirring tunes and all music with go to it appeals to this type. Reading. True stories, news and the sports page are the favourite newspaper reading of the muscular. He does not take to sentimental stories as much as the elementive nor to adventure so much as the thoracic but sticks to practical subjects almost exclusively. Being active most of his waking hours and strenuously active at that the muscular is often too tired at night to read anything. His favourite sports. The most violent sports are popular with this type. Football, baseball, handball, tennis rowing and pugilism are his preferences. All experts in these lines are largely muscular. Physical assets his wonderful muscular development upon which depends so much of life's happiness since accomplishment is measured so largely thereby is the greatest physical asset of this type. With it he can accomplish almost anything of which his mind can conceive. He's capable of endless effort, does not tire easily and because his directness makes his work count to the utmost of his mental capacity. Physical liabilities. Attendance he to overwork is the chief physical pitfall of this type. The disease to which he is most susceptible is rheumatism. But owing to his love of activity he exercises more than any other type and thus forestalls many diseases. Social assets. His generosity is the strongest social asset of the muscular. He's usually straightforward and sincere and thereby gains the confidence of those who meet him. Social liabilities. His loud voice and plain ways are the disadvantages under which this type labours in social intercourse. He needs polishing and is not inclined to take it. His pugnacity is also a severe drawback. Emotional assets. Understanding enthusiasm and warmth of heart are the emotional qualities which help make him the public leader he so often is. These have made him the born orator, the radical and the reformer of all ages. Emotional liabilities. His tendency to anger and combat the shackles that seriously handicap him. Many times these lose him the big opportunities which his splendid traits might obtain for him. Business assets. Efficiency and willingness to work hard and long are the greatest business assets of this type. Business liabilities. Pugnacity over trifles cost the average muscular many business chances. He has to fight out every issue and while he's doing it the other fellow closes the deal. He's inclined to argue at great length. This helps him as a lawyer or speaker but it hurts him in business. Curbing his combativeness in business should be one of his chief aims. Domestic strength. Practical protection for the future is the greatest gift of the average muscular to his family. He's not as lenient with his children as the alimentive nor as effusive as the thoracic but he usually lays something by for their future. Domestic weakness. Crawl, angry words do the muscular much harm in his family life. They cause his nearest and dearest to hold against him the resentments that follow. Should aim at taking more frequent vacations relaxing each day and curbing his pugnacity should be the special aims of this type. Should avoid superficial and quarrelsome people all situations requiring pretence and everything that confines and restricts his physical activity should be avoided by this type. Strongest points. Democracy industry and great physical strength are the strongest points of this type. Inclination to overwork and to fight constitute the muscular's two weakest links. How to deal with this type socially. Don't put on airs nor expect him to when you are meeting this type socially. Be straightforward and genuine with him if you would win him. How to deal with this type in business. Remember this type is inclined to be efficient and democratic and you'd better be the same if you wish to succeed in business with him. He's intensely resentful of a man who tries to put anything over on him and demands efficiency. So when you promise him a thing see to it that you deliver the goods and for the price stated. He does not mind paying a good price if he knows it in the beginning but beware of raising it afterwards. The muscular is serious in business not a jolly like the elementive nor a thrill like the thoracic and he wants you to be the same. Remember the chief distinguishing marks of the muscular in the order of their importance are large firm muscles, a square jaw and square hands. Any person who has these is largely of the muscular type no matter what other types may be included in his makeup. End of section 2 of chapter 3. Section 1 of chapter 4 of how to analyze people on site. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. How to analyze people on site through the Science of Human Analysis The Five Human Types by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Payne Benedict. Section 1 of chapter 4. Chapter 4 The Auseous Type. The Stayer. Men and women the Auseous or bony framework of the body is more highly developed than any other system are called the Auseous Type. This system consists of the bones of the body and makes what we call the skeleton. Just as the previous systems were developed during man's biological evolution for purposes serving the needs of the organism, first a stomach sack, then a freight system in the form of arteries to carry the food to the motor parts of the body, and later muscles with which to move itself about, so this bony scaffolding was developed to hold the body upright and better enable it to defend and assert itself. Man is a creature who, in spite of his height, walks erect. He can do so only by means of the support given him by his bony framework. The human body is like a tall building. The muscles are like the mortar and plaster, the bones are like the steel framework around which everything else is built and without which the structure could not stand upright. How to know him Prominent ankles, wrists, knuckles, and elbows are sure signs that such an individual has a large Auseous or bony element in his makeup. When you look at any person you quickly discern whether fat, bone, or muscle predominates in his construction. If fat predominates he leans towards the elementive, no matter what other types he may have in combination. If firm, well-defined muscles are conspicuous, he is largely muscular, but if his bones are proportionately large for his body, he has much of the Auseous type in his makeup. The Raw Boned Man. Raw Boned exactly describes the experience of the extreme Auseous. See Such a man is a contrast to others in any group and a figure with which all of us are familiar. But that his inner nature differs as widely from others as his external experience differs from theirs is something only recently discovered. As we proceed through this chapter, you will be interested to note how every trait attributed to this type applies with absolute accuracy to every extremely raw-boned angular person you have ever known. You will also notice how these traits are predominated in every person whose bones were large for his body. Though this type was the last to be classified by science it is the most extreme of them all. Physical Rigidity. An impression of physical rigidity is given by the extreme Auseous. Such a man or woman looks stable, unchanging, immovable as though he could take a stand and keep to it through thick and thin. So vividly do very tall angular raw-boned people convey this impression that they are seldom approached by beggars, barked at by street vendors, or told to step lively. His size looks formidable. The power of his physique is evident to all who look at him. The strength indicated by his large joints, angular hands, and general bulk intuitively warns others to let this kind of person alone. He is therefore unmolested for the most part, whether he walks down the streets of his hometown or wanders the byways of dangerous vicinity. His ruggedness. This type also looks rugged. He reminds us of the rugged Rockies. He appears firm, fixed, impassive, as though everything about him was permanent. Externals are not accidental. They always correspond to the internal nature in every form of life. And it is not accidental that the Auseous looks all of these things. He is all of them, as definitely as they can be expressed in human nature. The Steady Man. Of all human types, the Auseous is the most dependable and reliable. The phrases that man is steady, never flies off the handle, always the same, etc. are invariably used concerning those of more than average bony structure. Immovability is keynote. The keynote of the bony man's whole nature mental, physical, and moral is immovability. Once he settles into a place of any kind, a town, a home, or even a chair, he is disinclined to move. He does not settle as quickly as other types, but when he does, it is for a longer stay. Think how different he is from others in his psychological trait, and how it coincides exactly with his physiological structure. The Fat Man lets you make temporary dentists in his plans, just as you make them in a piece of fat meat. But the bony man is exactly the opposite. For as bone is difficult to twist or turn or alter in any way, it takes a long time, and much effort. Once it has changed, it is there for good. The Six Footer Because any individual's height is determined by his skeleton, extreme tallness is a sign of a larger than average bony structure. The extreme osseous is therefore tall. But you must remember that large joints are more significant than height. Even when found in short people, they indicate a large osseous tendency. Large bones for his body. So bear in mind that any person whose bones are large for his body is somewhat of the osseous type, regardless of whether he is short or tall, and regardless of how much fat or muscle he may have. The large jointed person when fat is an osseous elementive. A large jointed man of muscle would be an osseous muscular. The Small Osseous A very short person then may be predominantly osseous if his bones are proportionately large for his body. Such an individual is called a Small Osseous. A head that is high for his body and inclines to be straight up and down goes with the extreme osseous type, C-Chart 8. It does not resemble a sphere like the elementive. It is not kite shaped like the thoracic, nor square like the muscular. It is higher than any of the others, stands on a longer, more angular neck, and his Adam's apple is usually in evidence. The pioneer type. Like each of the other types, the osseous is a result of a certain environment. Rigorous remote regions require just such people, and these finally gave rise to historical nature. The outposts of civilization are responsible for his evolution. Pioneering with its hardship, its menacing cold and dearth of comforts, in far countries, at last produced a man who could stand them, who could live through almost anything and still dominate his surroundings. Not a softy. The osseous does not give way to his feelings. He keeps his griefs, sorrows, ambitions and most of his real opinions to himself. He is the farthest from a softy of any type. If you desire to know at once what kind of person the osseous is, put the elementative and thoracic types together and mix them thoroughly. The osseous is the opposite of that mixture. Each and every trait he possesses is one whose exact opposite you will find in one or the other of these first two types. Consistency in types. As we go on in this chapter you will see why all kinds of people make up the world, for nature has outdone herself in the distinctions between the five human types. Each type is made up of certain groups of traits with which we have come and contact all our lives, but which we have never classified. And each set of traits comprising a type has a consistency which nothing less than mother nature could have produced. You will be interested to see how accurate are the statements concerning each type and how they are proven again and again in every type you associate with. Guest work is no longer necessary in the sizing up of strangers. You can know them better than their mothers know them if you will get these nut shells of facts clearly in your mind and then apply them. His high cheekbones. Cheekbones standing higher than the average are always indicative either of a large thoracic or a large osseous element. If the distance between the cheeks is so wide as to make this the widest section of the face, it is probable that the person is more thoracic than osseous. But if his face is narrow across the cheekbones and especially if it runs perpendicularly down to the jaw corners from that point, instead of tapering, the person is large of the osseous type. Built on the oblong. An oblong is what brings the osseous to mind. His body outlines approximate the oblong. A squareness plus length. He is full of right angles and sharp corners. C chart 7. His face is built on the oblong. C chart 8. And if you will notice the side head of the next osseous man you meet, you will see that even a side view presents more nearly the appearance of the oblong than of any geometrical figure. The oblong hand. The gnarled hand well describes that of the osseous. The hand outlines of this type also approximate the oblong. C chart 8. It runs straight down instead of tapering when the fingers are held close together. The hand of the osseous matches his body, head, and face. It is bony, angular, large, jointed, and as rigid as it looks. The inflexibility of his hand is always apparent in his handshake. Naughty fingers. Naughty fingers characterize the hands of this type. Their irregular appearance comes from the size of the joints which are large, in keeping with all the joints running throughout his organism. Everything in one of nature's creatures matches the other parts. Agassi the great naturalist, when given the scale of a fish could reconstruct for you the complete organism of the type of fish from which it came. Give a tree leaf to a botanist and he will reconstruct the size, shape, structure, and color of the tree back of it. He will describe to you its native environment and its functions, what its bark, blossoms, and branches look like, and what to do to make it grow. No guesswork in nature. Nature has no accidents. With her everything is organized, everything has a purpose, and every part of a thing inside and out matches the whole. So the hand of the osseus and the face of the osseus match the body and head. This is also true of every other type. The alimentive has small, fat, dimpled hands and feet like his body. The thoracic has tapering hands and feet to match his face and body. The muscular's body, hands and feet are all square but the osseus has a bony body so his hands and feet are equally bony. The man of slow movements. He is too slow for me. You have heard someone say of another. Perhaps you heard it said today. Review the outward appearance of all the people you know who have this reputation from those of your earliest childhood down to that person of whom it was spoken today and you will find that every one of them resembled the bony type we have just been describing. Look back and call to mind the appearance of all the rapid ones and you will find that in every case they have possessed high color, high chest or high bridge noses. Take another look for the easy going amenable ones and see how plump they all were. The straight laced. None of these things just happened. They are the result of the law of cause and effect. The connection between external and internal traits is becoming clearer every day and reveals some very unexpected things. One that has been discovered very recently is that the straight faced are the straight laced. Notice for yourself and you will find that every person who is really straight laced is a person with a straight face. That is a face with straighter up and down lines than the average. Think back over those you have known who come under this heading and you will find no actually round face people amongst them. No matter how sanctimonious, religious or correct a person may act when his position or the occasion demands it. If he has a round moon face he is not really straight laced at heart. Anyone who knows him well enough to know his real nature will tell you so. The naturally conventional the born puritan, the ascetic and the naturally conventional person is on the other hand invariably an individual of more severe facial outlines. This person may be in an unconventional position. Your straight face severe lined person may be a gambler, a bootlegger or follow any other line defying the conventions but he is at heart a conservative after all. For instance, you will always find when you know him that he does things in a way that is very conventional to him. That is he has decided standards, rules, habits and requirements and he clings rigidly to them in the transaction of his business regardless of how lax the business itself may be. A certain way of doing things means as much to him at heart as it means little to the circular faced people. Systematic and methodical. A place for everything and everything in its place is a rule preached and practiced by people of this type. The osseous person does not mislay his things. He knows so well where they are that he can go straight to them in the dark. Such a man is careful of his tools and keeps his work bench or desk ship shape. A woman of this type is an excellent housekeeper. Her sewing basket, dresser drawers and pantry shelves are all systematically arranged in apple pie order. The typical New England housewife who washes on Mondays, irons on Tuesdays and bakes on Saturdays for 40 years is a direct descendant of the Puritans, most of whom belong to this bony pioneering type. The stiff sitter. Extremely osseous people are inclined to be somewhat formal in their movements. They make fewer motions than any other type. They do not wave their hands or arms about when talking and are almost devoid of gesticulation of any kind. They sit upright instead of slumping down in their chairs except when tall and lanky and usually prefer straight backs to rockers. The osseous walk. The extremely raw bone person also has a formal gait. His walk, like all his other movements, is inclined to be deliberate and somewhat mechanical. Nothing about the five types is more interesting than the walk which distinguishes each. The element of undulates or rolls along. The thoracic is an impulsive walker and the muscular is forceful in his walk. But the osseous walks mechanically, deliberately and refuses to hurry or speed up. The naturally poised. The osseous has more natural poise than any other type. He is not impressionable, excitable, or arousable. Things do not stir him up as they do other people. He is more self-contained, self-controlled and self-sufficient than any other. He is not easily carried off his feet and seldom yields to impulse. It is difficult to get him to do anything on the spur of a moment. He usually has his evenings, Sundays, and vacations all planned in advance and won't change his schedule. Not given to nerves. Literally, as well as figuratively, the osseous is not a man of nerves. Every fiber of his being is less susceptible to outside stimuli than that of other types. In this, he is the exact opposite of the thoracic, whose nerves, as we have pointed out, are so finely organized that he is hypersensitive. Resists change. Osseous people do not change anything from their hairdress to their minds any oftener than necessary. When they do, it is for what they consider overpoweringly good reasons. These people are not flighty. They have their work, their time, and their lives laid out systematically and do not trivialities to upset them. They take a longer time to deliberate on a proposed line of action, but once they have made a decision adhere to it with much greater tenacity than any other type. The constant. People of this type are not fickle nor flirtatious. They love few, but once having become enamored are not easily turned aside. It is this type that remains true to one love through many years, sometimes for life. The Implacable. The Osseous are not prone to sudden outburst of temper, but they have the unbending kind when it is aroused. Never forgiving and never forgetting is a trait of these people as contrasted with the thoracic. The Alimentive avoids those he does not like and forgets them because it is too much bother to hate. The thoracic flames up one moment and forgives the next. The Muscular takes it out from a fight then and there, or argues with you about it. But the Osseous despises, hates and loathes, and keeps on for years after everyone has forgotten all about it. The Rock-bound Puritan type, as stony as the New England land from which it gets its living, is always bony. The Implacable father who turns his child away from home with orders never to darken his door again always has a lot of bone in his structure. Those who refuse to be softened into forgiveness by the years are always of this type. Not Adaptable. It is difficult for the Osseous to fit in. He is not adaptable, and in this is once again the opposite of the thoracic. It is impossible for him to adjust himself quickly to people or places. Because he is unyielding, unbending, and unadjustable he is called set in his ways. He should not be misjudged for this inadaptability, however, for it is as natural to him as smoothnesses to the Alimentive and impulsiveness to the thoracic. He is made that way, and is no more to blame for it than you are for having brown eyes instead of blue. The One Track Man. Single track minds are characteristic of this type. They get an idea or an attitude, and it is there to stay. They think the same things for many years, and follow few definite lines of action most of their lives. But it is to be remembered in this connection that this type often accomplishes more through his intensive concentration than more versatile types. While they follow many by paths in search of their goal, the Osseous sticks to the main track. The Born Specialist. This one thing I do is a motto of the Osseous. They are the least versatile of any type, and do not like to jump from one kind of work to another. They prefer to do one thing at a time, do it well, and finish it before starting anything else. Because of this, the Osseous stars in specialties. End of Section 1 of Chapter 4. Section 10, Part 2 of Chapter 4 of How to Analyze People on Sight. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org Recording by Esther. How to Analyze People on Sight through the science of Human Analysis. The Five Human Types by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Payne Benedict. Section 10, Part 2 of Chapter 4 Dislikes Many Irons in the Fire. The man who likes many irons in the fire is never an Osseous. To have more than one problem before him at one time makes him irritable, upset, and exasperated. The Most Dependable Type. The unchangingness which handicaps the Osseous in so many ways is responsible for one very admirable trait. That trait is dependability. The Osseous is reliable. He can be taken at his word more often than any other type, for he lives up to it with greater care. Always on Time When an Osseous person says, I will meet you at four o'clock at the corner of Main and Market, he will arrive at Main and Market at four o'clock, he will not come straggling along nor plead interruptions nor give excuses, he will be on the exact spot at the exact hour. In this he is again a contrast to the first two types. An Alimentive Man will roll into the offing at a quarter or more likely a half hour past the time. Smiling, Apologize, and be so naive you forgive and let it go at that. The Thoracic will arrive anywhere from five after four to six o'clock, drown you in a thrilling narrative of just how it all happened and never give you a chance to voice your anger till he has smoothed it all out of you. An Exacting Man. But the Osseous is disdainful of such tactics, and you had better be aware of using them on him. He is dependable himself and demands it of others. A little trait all of us have regarding our own particular virtues. Likes Responsibility. Responsibility if it does not entail too many different kinds of thought and work is enjoyed by the Osseous. He can be given a task, a job, a position, and he will attend to it and trust him with a commission of any kind from getting you a certain kind of thread to discovering the North Pole and he will come pretty near carrying it out if he undertakes it. Finishes What He Starts. If an Osseous decides to do a piece of work for you you can go ahead and forget all about it. No need to advise, urge, watch, inspire, coax and cajole him to keep him at it. He prefers to keep out a thing if he starts it himself. You may have to hurry him up but you will not have to watch him in order to know he is sticking to his task. This type starts few things but he brings those few to a pretty successful conclusion. The Martyr of the Ages. Died for a cause has been said of many people but those people have in every known instance been possessed of a larger than average bony structure. The element of seldom troubles his head about causes. The thoracic is the type that lives chiefly for the pleasure of the moment and the adventures of life. The muscular fights hard and works hard for various movements. But it is the Osseous who dies for his beliefs. It is the Osseous or one who is largely of this type who languishes in prison through long years refusing to retract. He is unable to do this because the ostracism jibes and criticism with which other types are finally cowed have little effect upon him. On the contrary opposition of any kind whets his determination and makes him keep on harder than ever. Takes the opposite side. If you want him to do a thing tell him to do the opposite. It is a well known rule supposed to work with certain kinds of people. You have wondered why it sometimes works and sometimes didn't but it is no mystery to the student of human analysis. When it worked the person you tried it on was an Osseous or one largely Osseous in type and when it didn't he was of some other type. Contrary? Complained a man of a bony neighbor recently. Contrary is his middle name. I am open to conviction but I would like to see the man who could convince me. Is always said by a man whose type you will be sure to recognize. And against her. I don't know what it is but I am against it. Is the inside mental attitude of the extremely raw boned angular man or woman. They often unconsciously refrain from making a decision about a thing till the other fellow makes his. That settles it. They take the other side. Think back over your school days and call to mind the visage and bodily shape of the boy who was always on the opposite side. Osseous naturally disagreed who stood out against the others. He was a bony lad every time. Remember the fatty with a face like a full moon? Did he do such things? He did not. He was amenable, easy going, good natured and didn't care how the discussion came out so long as it didn't delay the lunch hour. Remember the boy or girl who had the pick of the school for company whenever there was a party? Who danced well and was so sparkling that they always felt like a pebble competing against a diamond when they were around? That boy or girl had a high chest or high colour or a high bridged nose and usually all three. But the one you couldn't persuade, who couldn't be won over, who refused to give in, who held up all the unanimous votes till everybody was disgusted with him and who rather glorified in the distinction. That boy had big bones and a square jaw, the proof that he was a nation of the osseous and muscular types. The Human Balance Wheel. To keep the rest of the world from running away with itself, to prevent precipitous changes in laws, customs and traditions, has always been one of the functions performed for society by the bony people. These people are seldom over persuaded and being able to retain a perpendicular position while the rest of the world is being swayed this way and that. They act as society's balance wheel. The osseous changes after a while, but it is a long while, and by the time he does the rest of the world has marched on to something new which he opposes in turn. Wears Same Style Ten Years. Even the clothes worn by this type tell the same story. Styles may come and styles may go, but the osseous goes on forever wearing the same lines in the same general fashions he wore ten years before. If you all recall the men who continued wearing loose, roomy suits long after the skin-tight fashions came in, or the woman who kept to long full skirts when the short ones were the vogue, you will note that every one of them had large joints or long faces. Bony people find a kind of collar or hat that just suits, and to that hat and that collar they will stick for twenty years. Distains The Fashions. Every city, neighborhood and country crossroads there is always somebody who defies the styles of today by wearing the styles of ten years ago. Every such person is a bony individual, never under any circumstances a moon-faced, round-bodied one. In every case you will find that his face is longer, his nose is longer, or his jaw and hands are longer than the average. All osseous indications. The bony man's adherence to one style or to one garment is not primarily because he wishes to save money, though saving money is an item that he never overlooks. It is due rather to his inability to change anything about himself in accordance with outside influence until a long time has elapsed. Doesn't Spend Money Lavishly. The osseous is, as stated at the head of this chapter, a stare, and this applies to everything he wears, thinks, says, believes, and to the way he carries on every activity of his life. No matter how rich he may be, he will not buy one kind of car to-day and another tomorrow, nor one house this week and another in six weeks. He uses his money, as all of us do, to maintain his type habits and to give free a reign to them, not to change them to any extent. This type likes sameness, he likes to get acquainted with a thing. He never takes up fads and is the most conservative of all types. Unlike the thoracic, he avoids extremes in everything and dislikes anything savoring of the showy or conspicuous. Not a Social Star Because he dislikes display, refuses to yield to the new fangled fashions of polite society and finds it hard to adapt himself to people, the man of this type is seldom a social success. He is the least of a lady's man, of all the types. The osseous woman is even less disposed to social life than the osseous man because the business and professional demands which compel men of this type to mingle with their fellows are less urgent with her. Likes the same food. The same yesterday, today, and forever is the kind of food preferred by this type. He seldom orders anything new. The tried and true things he has eaten for twenty-five years are his favourites and it is almost impossible to win him away from them. I have had bread and milk for supper every Sunday night for thirty years, a bony man said to us not long ago. Means what he says. The osseous does not flatter and seldom praises. Even when he would like to, the words do not come easily. But when he does give you a compliment you may know he is incisive and specific, a little too much so to grace the modern social intercourse where so much is froth. A man a few words. A man a few words is always and invariably a man whose bones are large for his body. The fat man uses up a great many pleasant, suave, merry, harmless words. The thoracic inundates you with conversation. The muscular argues, declares and states, but the osseous alone is sparing of his words. The hoarder. Boney people are never lavish with anything. They do not waste anything nor throw anything away. These are the people who save things and store them away for years against the day when they may find some use for them. When they do part with them it is always to pass them on where they will do someone some good. Careful use of money. You never saw a stingy fat man in your life. Imagine a two hundred pound miser. Neither have you ever seen a really stingy man who was red faced and high chested, nor have you ever found a real muscular who was a tightwad. But you have known some people who were pretty close with their money and every one of them was inclined to boniness. When he is poor. Boney men are seldom broke, for they are more careful of expenditures than any other type. Even when they receive small salaries this type of person always has something laid by. But the extreme osseous never makes a million. The same caution which prevents his spending much money also prevents the plunges that make big money. The osseous cares more for money than anyone else. This is what has enabled him, when combined with some other type, to be so successful in banking. A business where you risk the other man's money, not your own. The extreme osseous is never lacks or extravagant with his money, no matter how much he has. He never believes in paying any more for a thing than is necessary. Take note of the man who carries purses for silver instead of letting their change lie loose in their pockets. They are boney every time. Fat people and florid people are the ones who let their green backs fall on the floor while paying the cashier. Fear of the future. The rainy day doesn't worry the fat people or the florid ones, but it is seldom out of the consciousness of the boney men and women, so they cling to their twenty dollar a week clerkship for years because they are afraid to tackle anything and tailing risk. Pays his bills. I had rather trust a boney man than any other kind is what the credit experts have told us. Other things being equal he is the most reliable type in money matters and pays his bills more promptly. The boney man is one who seldom approaches the credit man however. He usually has enough to get the few things he really wants and if not he waits till he has. Extremely boney husbands give their wives smaller allowances in proportion to their total income than any other type and because they are systemic themselves they are more likely to ask for reports and itemizations as to where it goes. The fat husbands and the florid husbands are the ones who give their wives their last cent and never asks what becomes of it. The repressed man The osseous man or woman is always somewhat repressed unlike the thoracic who uncorks and bubbles like a champagne bottle he keeps a lid on his feelings. Boney people are always more reticent than others. They invariably tell less of their private or personal affairs. One may live across the hall from a boney man for years without knowing much about him. He is as secretive as the thoracic is confiding and as guarded as the alimentive is naive. Loyal to his few friends Once your friend always your friend can be said about the osseous oftener than any other type. The osseous does not make friends easily and is not a mixer but keeps his friends for many years. He takes to very few people but is exceedingly loyal to those of his choice. The salt of the earth People of the osseous type say little. They do little for you and they do not gush but they are always there when you need them and always the same. They write few letters to you when away and use few words and little paper when they do. They are ready to fill every page, to write neatly and to waste no margins and to avoid flourishes. Their letters seldom require an extra stamp. Plans ahead Foresight Laying plans far into the future and keeping an eye out for breakers ahead financially and otherwise are tendencies which come natural to the osseous. He does not like to wait until the last moment to do a thing. This likes unexpectedness and emergencies of any kind. He is always prepared. For instance a bony person will think out every move of a long journey before boarding his train. Weeks in advance he will have the schedule marked and put away in his coat pocket and he knows just which coat he is going to wear too. The longest lived The osseous lives longer than any other type for two reasons. The first is that his lack of nerves saves him from running down his batteries. He seldom becomes excited and does not exhaust himself in emotional orgies. The second is that he habitually under eats, usually because he does not care so much for food as the first three types, but quite often because he prefers to save the money. People he dislikes. The bony man does not like people who try to speed him up, hurry him, or make him change his thoughts. Flashy people irritate him, but his worst aversions are people who try to dictate to him. This type cannot be driven. The only way to handle him is to let him think he is having his own way. Likes the submissive. Amenable people who never interfere with him yet lend themselves to his plans, desires, and eccentricities are the favorites of this type. Diseases he is most capable to. No diseases can be said to strike the osseous more frequently than any other type. But moodiness, fear, especially financial fear, long sustained hatreds and resentments, and lack of change are indirectly responsible for those diseases which bring about the end in the majority of cases. Music he likes. Martial, classical music, and ballads are favorites with the osseous. Old-time tunes and songs appeal to him strongly. Jazz, which the element of loves, is disliked by most bony people. Reading he prefers. Only a few kinds of reading, a few favorite subjects and a few favorite authors are indulged in by this type. He will read as long as twenty-five years on one subject, master it and ignore practically everything else. When he becomes an armored of another he reads everything he writes. Reading that points directly to some particular thing he is really interested in makes up many of his books and magazines. He is the kind of man who reads the same newspaper for half a century. Physical Assets. His great endurance, capacity for withstanding hardship, indifference to weather, and his sane, under-eating habits are the chief physical assets of this type. Physical Liabilities. This type has no physical characteristics which can be called liabilities except the tendency to chronic diseases. Even in this he runs true to form, slow to acquire and slow to cure. His Favorite Sports. Hiking and golfing are the favorite sports of this type because these demand no sudden spurts of energy. He likes them because they can be carried on with deliberation and independence. He does not care for any sport involving teamwork or quick responses to other players. Except when combined with a thoracic type he especially avoids tennis. Favorite Entertainments. Serious plays in which his favorite actors appear are the entertainments preferred by this type. He cares least of all for Vaudeville. Social Assets. The osseous has no traits which can properly be called social assets. His general uprightness comes nearest to standing him in good stead socially however. Social Liabilities. Stiffness, reticence, physical awkwardness, and the inability to pose or to praise are the chief social handicaps of this type. Emotional Assets. The osseous is not emotional and cannot be said to possess any assets that are purely emotional. Emotional Liabilities. The lack of emotional fervor and enthusiasm prevents this type from impressing others. Business Assets. Keeping his word, orderliness, and system are the chief business assets of this type. Business Liabilities. A disinclination to mix, the inability to adopt himself to his patrons and a tendency to hold people too rigidly to account are the business handicaps of the osseous. Domestic Strength. Constancy and faithfulness are his chief domestic assets. Domestic Weakness. Tightness with money, a tendency to be too exacting and dictatorial, and to fail to show affection are the things that frequently prevent marriage for the osseous and endanger it when he does marry. Should Aim At. The osseous should aim at being more adjustable to people and to his environment in general. He should try to take a greater interest in others and then show it. Should Avoid. Indifference and the display of it. Solitude and too few interests are the things the osseous needs to avoid. His Strong Points. Dependability, honesty, economy, faithfulness, and his capacity for finishing what he starts are the strongest points of this type. His Weakest Points. Stubbornness, obstinacy, slowness, overcautiousness, coldness, and a tendency to stinginess are the weakest links in people of the extreme osseous type. How To Deal With This Type Socially. There is little to be done with the osseous when you meet him socially except to let him do what he wants to do. Don't interfere with him if you want him to like you. How To Deal With This Type In Business. As an employee, give him responsibility and then let him alone to do it his way. Then keep your hands off. Don't give him constant advice. Don't try to drive him. Let him be as systematic as he likes. When dealing with him in other business ways, rely on him and let him know you admire his dependability. Remember the distinguishing marks of the osseous in the order of their importance are proportionately large bones for the body, prominent joints, and a long face. Any person who has these is largely of the osseous type, no matter what other types may be included in his make-up. Part 1 of Chapter 5 of How To Analyze People On Sight. This is the LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Stephanie Lee. How To Analyze People On Sight Through The Science of Human Analysis. The Five Human Types by Elsie Lincoln-Benedict and Ralph Payne-Benedict. Part 1 of Chapter 5. The Cerebral Type. The Thinker. All those in whom the nervous system is more highly developed than any other are cerebrals. This system consists of the brain and nerves. The name comes from the cerebrum or thinking part of the brain. Meditation, imagining, dreaming, visualizing, and all voluntary mental processes take place in the cerebrum, or brain, as we shall hear in after call it. The brain is the headquarters of the nervous system, its home office. Just as the stomach is the home office of the elementive system, and the heart and lungs the home office of the thoracic. Your freight system. The thoracic system may be compared to a great freight system with each of its tributaries, from the main trunk arteries down to the tiniest blood vessels, starting from the heart and carrying its cargo of blood to every part of the body by means of the power furnished by the lungs. Your telegraph system. But the nervous system is more like an intricate telegraph system. Its network of nerves runs from every outlying part of the body into the great headquarters of the brain, carrying sense messages notifying us of everything heard, seen, touched, tasted, or smelled. As soon as the brain receives a message from any of the five senses, it decides what to do about it and if action is decided on, sends its orders back over the nerve wires to the muscles, telling them what action to perform. Your working agents. This latter fact that the muscles are the working agents of the body, also explains why the muscular type is naturally more active than any of the others. Source of your raw materials. The body may be compared to a perfectly organized transportation system and factory combined. The elementive system furnishes the raw materials for all the systems to work on. Stationary equipment. The bones of the body are like the telegraph poles, the bridges and structures for the protection and permanence of the work carried on by the other systems of the body. Now, poles, bridges and structures are less movable, less alterable, than any of the other parts of a transportation system. And likewise, the bony element in man makes him less alterable in every other way than he would otherwise be. A predominance of it in any individual indicates a preponderance of this immovable tendency in his nature. Mind and matter are so inseparably bound up together in man's organism that is impossible to say just where mind ends and matter begins. But this we know that even the mind of the bony person partakes of the same unbending qualities that are found in the bones of his body. Every cell thinks. Thomas A. Edison as level-headed and unmistakable scientist as lives says Every cell in us thinks. Human analysis proves to us that something very near this in the case for it shows how the habitual mental processes of every individual are always off the same piece of goods as his body. Thus the fat man's mind acts as his body acts evenly, unhurriedly, easefully and comfortably. The flooring man's mind has the same quickness and resourcefulness that distinguish all his bodily processes. The muscular man's mind acts in the same strenuous way that his body acts, while the bony man's brain always has an immovable quality closely akin to the boneness of his body. He is not necessarily a bone head, but this phrase, like fat head, is no accident. The Large Head on the Small Body As pointed out before the larger any organ or system the more will it tend to express itself. So the large-headed, small-bodied man runs more to mental than to physical activities and is invariably more mature in his thinking. See you, Chart 9. Conversely, the elementive type gets its traits from that elemental stage in human development when we did little but get and assimilate food, and when thinking was of the simplest form. In those days, man was more physical than mental. He had a large stomach, but a small head. So today we see in the pure elementive type people who resemble their elementive ancestors. They had the same proportionately large stomach and proportionately small head, with the stomach system dominating their thoughts, actions, and lives. The cerebral is the exact opposite of this. He has a top-heavy head proportionately large for his body, and a proportionately undeveloped stomach system. His Small Assimilative System The extreme cerebral differs from other types chiefly in the fact that while his head is unusually large compared to the body, his elementive, thoracic, muscular, and bony systems are smaller and less developed than the average. The latter fact is due to the same law which causes the elementive to have a large body and a small head. Nature is a wonderful efficiency engineer. She provides only as much space as is required for the functioning of any particular organ, giving extra space only to those departments that need it. The cerebral elementive is the combination which makes most of the magnates and the self-made millionaires. Such a man has all the elementive's desires for the luxurious comforts and good things of life, combined with sufficient brains to enable him to make the money necessary to get them. Nature doesn't give the pure elementive a large skull because he doesn't need it for the housing of his proportionately small brain, but concentrates on giving him a big stomach fitted with all modern conveniences. On the other hand, the head of the cerebral is large because his brain is large. The skull, which is pliable and unfinished at birth, grows to conform to the size and shape of the brain as the glove takes on the shape of the hand inside it. Stomach vs. Brain Because the elementive and cerebral systems are farthest removed from each other, evolutionally, a large brain and a large stomach are a very unusual combination. Such an individual would be a combination of the elementive and cerebral types, and would have the elementive's fat body with the large, high-brow head of the cerebral. The possession of these two highly developed but opposite kinds of systems places their owner constantly in the predicament of deciding between the big meal he wants and the small one he knows he should have for good brain work. We are so constructed that brain and stomach, each of which demands an extra supply of blood when performing its work, cannot function with maximum efficiency simultaneously. Why Light Lunches When your stomach is busy digesting a big meal, your brain takes a vacation. This little fact is responsible for millions of light lunches daily. The strenuous manual worker can empty a full dinner pail and profit by it, but the brain worker long ago discovered that a heavy mid-day meal gave him a heavy brain for hours afterwards. Clear Thinking and a Clear Stomach Clear thinking demands a clear stomach because an empty stomach means that the blood reserves so necessary to vivid thinking are free to go to the brain. Without good blood coursing at a fairly rapid rate through the brain, no man can think keenly or concentratedly. This explains why you think of so many important things when your stomach is empty that never occur to you when your energy is being monopolized by digestion. Heavy Dinners and Heavy Speeches All public speakers have learned that a heavy dinner means a heavy speech. Albert Hubbard's rule when on his speaking tours was one every orator should follow. Ten dollars extra if I have to eat, said Fraa Albertus. A far cry from the days when we fed up the preacher at Sunday dinner with the expectation of hearing a better sermon. Uses His Head Just as assimilation is the favorite activity of the elementive type, headwork is the favorite activity of the large-headed cerebral. He is so far removed, evolutionally, from the stomach stage that his stomach is as much a remnant with him as the brain is a rudiment with the extreme elementive. The extra blood supply which nature furnishes to any overdeveloped part of the body also tends to encourage him in thinking just as the same condition encourages the fat man in eating. Forgets to eat An element of never forgets dinner time but the cerebral is so much more interested in food for his brain and food for his body that he can go without his meals and not mind it. He is likely to have a book and a cracker at his meals and then forget to eat the cracker. Physical sensitivity We are mental in proportion to the sensitiveness of our mental organization. The cerebral possesses the most highly developed brain center of any type and is therefore more sensitive to all those stimuli which act upon the mind. His whole body bespeaks it. The fineness of his features correct contrast to some of the other types. The unusual size of his brain denotes a correspondingly intricate organization of nerves for the nerves are tiny elongations of the brain. The intellectual sensitiveness of any individual can be accurately estimated by noting the comparative size of his brain and body. He has triangular head and face. A triangle is a geometrical figure approximated by the cerebrals front face and head. If he is a pure brain cerebral, a triangle is again what you are reminded of when you look at his head from the side. For his head stands on a small neck. His forehead stands out at the top, while his back head is long. These bring the widest part of his head near the top than we find it in other types. Delicate hands A thin delicate hand denotes a larger than average cerebral element. Smooth fingers Smooth fingers are typical of the cerebral. These are not to be confused with the fat, pudgy, babyish fingers of the elementive. For though the latter's fingers are smooth around, they do not present straight outlines at the sides. They puff out between the joints. Smooth fingers are characteristic of the extreme cerebral type. They are called this because their outlines run straight up and down. The joints of the elementive finger, C-Chart 2, mark the narrowest places owing to the fact that the joints are not changeable. In the Oceus fingers, C-Chart 8, the opposite is true. The joints mark the widest spots and the spaces between are sunken. The fingers of the thoracic are inclined to be pointed like his head, while the muscular's fingers are square at the end and look the power they possess. But the cerebral has fingers unlike any of these. There is no fat to make them pudgy and no muscle to make them firm. Neither are their large joints to make them knotty. Their outlines therefore run in almost straight lines and the whole hand presents a more frail aesthetic appearance. Meditation His Keynote Thinking, contemplating, reflecting All the mental processes coming under the head of meditation constitute the keynote of this type. The elementive lives to eat, the thoracic to feel, the muscular to act, the Oceus to stabilize, but the cerebral lives to meditate. He loves to plan, imagine, dream daydreams, visualize, and go over and over in his mind the manifold possibilities, probabilities and potentialities of many things. When he tries this to extremes as a person with a huge head and tiny body is likely to do, he often overlooks the question of the practicability of the thing he is planning. He inclines to go wildcatting, to dream dreams that are impossible of fruition. Thought for Thought's Sake He will sit by the hour or by the day thinking out endless ultimates for the sheer pleasure it gives him. Other men blame him, criticize him and ridicule him for this and for the most part he does fail of the practical success by which the efficient American measures everything. But the fact must never be forgotten that the world owes its progress to the men who could see beyond their nose, who could conceive of things no one had ever actually seen. This type, more than any other, has been the inventor of all forms of human progress. The Dreamer Everything accomplished starts with a dream of it, is the saying we all know to be true. Yet we go on forever giving all the big prizes to the doers. But the man who can only dream lives in a very hostile world. His real world is his thoughts, but whenever he steps out of them into human society, he feels a stranger and he is one. Doesn't Fit The world of today is ruled by people who accomplish putting it over, delivering the goods, getting it across are a part of our language because they represent the standards of the average American today. The cerebral is as much out of place in such an environment as a fish is on dry land. He knows it and he shows it. He doesn't know what the other kind are driving at and they know so little of what he is driving at that they have invented a special name for him, the nut. Doing isn't his line. He prefers the pleasures of thinking over to all the putting over in the world. This type usually is a failure because he takes it all out in dreaming without ever doing the things necessary to make his dream come true. A Visionary These predilections for overlooking the obvious, the tangible and the necessary elements in everyday existence tend to make of the cerebral what he is so often called, a visionary. For instance, he will build up in his mind the most imposing superstructure for an invention and confidently tell you it will make millions, but forget to inform himself on such essential questions as will it work, is it transportable, or is there any demand for it? Ahead of his time He was born ahead of his time applies often as to a man of this type. He has brains to see what the world needs and not infrequently sees how the world could get it, but he is so averse to action himself that unless active people take up his schemes they seldom materialize. What we owe to the dreamers. Man in whom the cerebral type predominated and anticipated every step man has made in his political, social, individual, industrial, religious and economic evolution. They have seen it decades and sometimes centuries in advance, but they were always ridiculed at first. The Mutterings of Morse History is replete with the stories of unappreciated genius. In Washington DC you will have pointed out to you a great elm made historic by Samuel Morse inventor of the telegraph. He could not make the successful people of his day give him a hearing, but he was so wrapped up in his invention that he used to sit under this tree whenever the weather permitted and explain all about it to the down and outers and anyone else who would stop. Listen to the Mutterings of that poor old fool so the wise ones as they hurried by on the other side of the street, but today people come from everywhere to see the famous Morse Elm and you homage to the great mind that invented the telegraph. Langley's Folly Today we fly from continent to continent and air travel is superseding land and water transportation whenever great speed is into man. A man receives word that his child is dangerously ill. He steps into an airplane and in less than half the time it would take trains or motors to carry him a lights at his own door. Commerce, industry, war and the future of whole nations are being revolutionized by this man made miracle. It is but a few short years since S.P. Langley was sneered at from one end of this country to the other because he souped to the folly of inventing a flying machine. The Trivial Telephone Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, but it was many years before he could induce anybody to finance it, though some of the wealthiest and therefore supposedly wisest businessmen of the day were asked to do so. None of them would risk a dollar on it. Even after having tested at the Centennial Musician in Philadelphia and found to work perfectly, its possibilities were so little realized that for a long while no one could be found to furnish the funds necessary to place it upon the market. The Wizardry of Wireless Then after the world had become accustomed to transacting millions of dollars worth of business daily over the once despised telegraph and telephone it took out its doubts on Marconi and his wireless telegraphy. It's impossible they said. Talk without wires? Never But now the radio needles pierced the blue from San Diego to Shanghai and from your steamer in mid ocean you can say good night to your loved one in Denver. Frank Bacon's Play Ideas always have to go begging at first and the greater the idea the rougher the sledding. The most successful play ever put on in America was Lightning, written by Frank Bacon, a typical cerebral osseous. It ran every night for three years in New York City. It has made a million people happy and a million dollars for its sponsors. But when Mr. Bacon who also plays the title role took it to the New York producers that refused it a tryout. But because he had faith in his dream and persisted his name and his play have become immortal. An Ideal Combination The ideal combination is a dreamer who can do or a doer who knows the power of a dream. Thinking and acting almost every individual is doing too much of one and too little of the other. The World's Two Classes The world has divided roughly into these two classes, those who act without thinking and as a result are often in jail and those who think without acting and as a result are often in the poor house. To be a success to be a successful individual today you have to go to dream and then do, plan and then produce, contemplate and then construct think it out and then work it out. If you do the latter at the expense of the former you are doomed to work forever for other people to play some other man's game. If you do the former at the expense of the latter you are doomed to know only the fringes of life, never to be taken seriously and never to achieve. Pitfalls for Dreamers If you are inclined to take your pleasure out in celebrating instead of creating if it suffices you to see a thing in your imagination whether it ever comes to pass or not you are at a decided disadvantage in this hustling world and you will never be a success. Pitfalls for the doer On the other hand if you are content to do what other men dream about and never have dreams of your own you will probably always have a birth but will never have a million. You will exist but you will never know what it is to live. The Hungry Philosopher The extreme cerebral can sit on a park bench with an empty purse and an empty stomach and get as much pleasure out of reflecting on the witchness of the what and the witherness of the wherefor as an element of gets out of a plank steak. Needless to say each is an enigma to the other. Yet most people imagine that because both are human and both walk on their hind legs they are alike. They are no more alike than a cow and a canary. His frail body The extreme cerebral type finds it difficult to do things because as we have seen he is deficient in muscle. One of the vital elements upon which activity and accomplishment are based. This type has little muscle and little bone and little fat. The Efficient in Horse Power He is not inactive for the same reason that the element of is. His stomach processes do not slow him down but his muscles are so undeveloped that he has little inward urge toward activity and little force back of his movements. His heart and lungs are small so they also lack steam and horsepower. He prefers to sit rather than to move exactly as a muscular prefers to be up and doing rather than to sit still. The Man of Futile Movements Did you ever look on while a pure cerebral man tried to move a kitchen stove? Ever asked a dreamer in your house bring down a trunk from the attic? Will you ever forget the almost human perversity with which that stove and that trunk resisted him? Or how amusing it looked to see a grown man outwitted at every turn by an inert mass? I have carried on a lifelong feud with inanimate things a pure cerebral friend remarked to us recently. I have a fight on my hands every time I attempt to use a pair of scissors, a knife, and a fork, a hammer or a collar button. His Jerky Walk Because he is short the cerebral takes short steps. Because he lacks muscle he lacks a powerful stride. As a result he has a walk that is irregular and sometimes jerky. When he walks slowly this jerk is not apparent but when hurried it is quite noticeable. End of Part 1 of Chapter 5 Part 2 of Chapter 5 of How to Analyze People on Site This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org Recording by Paul C. Newman Storyfolksinger.co.uk How to Analyze People on Site Through the Science of Human Analysis The Five Human Types by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Payne Benedict Section 2 of Chapter 5 Section 12 Part 2 of Chapter 5 Is Lost in Chairs The cerebral gets lost in the same chair that is itself lost under the large, spreading, osseous and for the same reason built for the average chairs are much too large for the cerebral as they are too small for the big bony man so the cerebral's legs, dangle and his arms don't reach. This likes social life. Though a most sympathetic friend the cerebral does not make many friends and does not care for many he is too abstract to add to the gaiety of social gatherings for these are based on the enjoyment of the concrete. Enjoys the Intellectuals Readers, thinkers, writers Intellectuals like himself are the kinds of people the cerebral enjoys most another reason why he has few friends is because these people being in the great minority are not easy to find ignores the ignorant people who let others do their thinking for them and those who are not aware of the great things going on in world movements are not popular with this type he sometimes has a secret contempt for them as completely as they ignore him avoids the limelight modesty and reserve almost as marked in the men as in the women characterize this extreme type they do things of great moment sometimes invent something or write something extraordinary but even then they try to avoid being lionized they prefer the shadows rather than the spotlight thus they miss many of the good things less brainy and more aggressive people gain but it does no good to explain this to a cerebral he enjoys retirement and is constantly missing opportunities because he refuses to mix cares little for money friends mean something to the cerebral fame sometimes means much but money means little in this he is the exact opposite of the osseous to whom the pecuniary advantages or disadvantages of a thing are always significant the pure cerebral finds it difficult to interest himself in his finances he seldom counts his change he will go away from his room leaving every cent he owned lying on the dresser and then forget to lock the door this type of person almost never asks for a raise he has two busy dreaming dreams to plan what he will do in his old age he prefers staying at the same job with congenial associates to finding another even if it paid more very often poor since we get only what we go after in this world it follows that the cerebral is often poor to make money one must want money competition for it is so keen that only those who want it badly and work with efficiency ever get very much of it the cerebral takes so little interest in money that he gets lost in the shuffle not until he wakes up some morning with the poor house staring him in the face does he give it serious consideration and then he does not do much about it almost never rich history shows that few people of the pure cerebral type ever became rich even the most brilliant gave so much more thought to their mission than the practical ways and means that they were usually seriously handicapped for the funds necessary to its materialization history co-discoverer of radium said to be the greatest living woman of this type is world famous and has done humanity a noble service but her experiments were always carried on against great disadvantages because she had not the financial means to purchase more than the most limited quantities of the precious substance about clothes clothes are almost the last thing the cerebral thinks about as we have seen all the other types have decided preferences as to their clothes the elementive demands comfort the thoracic style the muscular durability and the osseous sameness but the extreme cerebral type says anything will do so we often see him with a coat of one color trousers of another and a hat of another with no gloves at all and is time-missing often absent-minded we have always said people were absent-minded the minds were absent from what they were doing this often applies to the cerebral for he is capable of greater concentration than other types also he is so frequently compelled to do things in which he has no interest that his mind naturally wanders to the things he cares about a cerebral professor whom we know sometimes appeared before his Harvard classes in bedroom slippers a thoracic would not be likely to let his own brother catch him in his writes better than he talks the poor talker sometimes surprises us by being a good writer such a one is usually of the cerebral type he likes to think out every phrase of a thing and put it into just the right words before giving it to the world so many a cerebral who does little talking outside his intimate circle does a good deal of surreptitious writing it may be only the keeping of a diary jutting down memoranda or writing long letters to his friends but he will write something some of the world's greatest ideas have come to light first in the forgotten manuscripts of people of this type who died without showing their writings to anyone evidently they did not consider them of sufficient importance or did not care as much about publishing them as putting them down an inveterate reader step into the reference rooms of your city library on a summer's day and you'll stand more chance of finding examples of this extreme type there than in any other spot you may have thought these extreme types are difficult to locate since the average American is a combination but it is easy to find any of them if you look in the right places in every case you'll find them in the very places where a study of human analysis would tell you to look for them where to look for pure types when you wish to find some pure elementives go to a restaurant that is famous for rich rich foods when you want to see several extreme thoracics drop into any vaudeville show and take your choice from the actors or from the audience when you are looking for pure musculars go to a boxing match or a prize fight and you'll be surrounded by them when looking for the osseous attend a convention of expert accountants, bankers, lumbermen hardware merchants or pioneers all these types appear in other places and in other vocations but they are certain to be present in large numbers any day in any of the above named places but when you are looking for this interesting little extreme thinker type you must go to a library we specify the reference room of the library because those who search for fiction, newspapers and magazines are not necessarily of the pure type and we specify a day in summer rather than in winter so that you will be able to select your subjects from amongst people who are there in spite of the weather rather than because of it interested in everything I never saw a book without wanting to read it said a cerebral friend to us the other day this expresses the interest every person of this type has in the printed page I never see a library without wishing I had time to go there and stay until I had read everything in it the bookworm so it is small wonder that such a one becomes known early in life as a bookworm as a little child he takes readily to reading and won't take too much else because we all learn quickly what we like he is soon devouring books for older heads why won't he run and play like other children, Wales mother and that boy ought to be made to join the ball team, Scald's father but that boy continues to keep his nose in a book he can talk on almost any subject when he will and knows pretty well what is going on in the world at an age when other boys and girls are oblivious to everything but gymnasiums and girls old for his years the little old man or little old woman of ten is always a cerebral child the alimentives are the babies of the race and never entirely grow up no matter how many years they live but the cerebral is born old from infancy he shows more maturity than other children the teacher's pet his studiousness and tractableness lead to one reward in childhood though it often costs him dear as a man he usually becomes the teacher's favourite and no wonder he always has his lessons he gives her little trouble and is about all that keeps many a teacher at her poorly paid post little sense of time the extreme cerebral often has a deficient sense of time he is less conscious of the passage of the hours than any other type the muscular and the osteos often have an almost uncanny time sense but the extreme cerebral man often lacks it forgetting to wind his watch or to consult it for hours when he does is a familiar habit of this type we know a bride in Detroit whose flat looked out on a bakery and a bookstore she told us that she used to send her cerebral hubby across the street for the loaf of bread that was found lacking just as they were ready to sit down to dinner only to wait hours and then have him come back with a book under his arm no bread and no realisation of how long he had been gone inclined to the unorthodox other types tend to follow various religions according to the individual's upbringing but the cerebral composes a large percentage of the unorthodox the political reformer because all forms of personal combat are distasteful to him the pure cerebral does not go out and fight for reform as often as the muscular nor die for causes as often as the osseous types but almost every cerebral believes in extreme reforms of one kind or another he is comparatively silent but faithful member of clubs, leagues and other kinds of reform organisation he may never star in them he seldom cares to his might is always ready when subscriptions are taken even if he has to go without breakfast for a week to make up for it this type is usually sufficiently intelligent to know the world needs reforming and sufficiently conscientious to want to help to do it he is not bound by traditions or customs as much as other types but does more of his own thinking without the foresight and faithfulness of the cerebrals very few reforms could have started or have lived to finish social non-conformist ask any small-bodied, large-headed man if he believes in the double standard of morals, anti-suffrage eternal punishment, saloons or the 400 this little man with the big head may not openly challenge you or argue with you when you stand up for things as they are for he is a peaceable chap but he inwardly smiles or sneers at what he considers your troglodyte ideas he sees a day coming when babies will be named for their fathers whether the minister officiated or not when the man who talks about the good old days of a wide open saloon on every corner will himself be a hazy myth and when society idlers will not be considered better than people who earn their livings the world's pathfinder the cerebral therefore leads the world in ideas the world is managed by fat men entertained by florid men built by muscular men opposed by bony men but it is improved in the final analysis by its thinking men these thinkers have a difficult time of it they preach to deaf ears and often they die in poverty but at last posterity comes around to their way of thinking abandons the old ruts and follows the trails they have blazed therefore many great thinkers who were unknown while alive became famous after death more often than not fame is the food of the tomb indifference to surroundings a wise man it was who said let me see a man's surroundings and I will tell you what he is the cerebral does not really live in his house but in his head and for that reason does not feel as great an urge to decorate amplify or even furnish the place in which he dwells step into the room of any little bodied large headed man and you will be struck by two facts that he has fewer gym cracks and more journals lying around than the rest of your friends in the room of the alimentive you will find cushions sofas and eats in that of the thoracic you will find colourful unusual things the muscular will have durable solid plain things the osseous will have fewer of everything but what he does have will be in order but the pure cerebrals furnishings if he is responsible for them will be an indifferent array with no two pieces matching furthermore everything will be piled with newspapers magazines books and clippings often die young the good die young is an old saying which may or may not be true but there is no doubt that the extreme cerebral type of individual often dies at an early age the reason is clear an efficient but controlled assimilative system is the first requisite for long life and the pure cerebral does not have an efficient one moreover he is prone to neglect what nutritive mechanism he does have by regular eating by being too poor to afford wholesome foods and by forgetting to eat at all physical assets by reason of his deficient physicality the cerebral cannot be said to possess any decided physical assets but two tendencies which help decidedly to prolong life are under eating and his refusal to dissipate it's been said many times by the best known experts that more deaths are caused annually in America by overeating than by any other two causes under eating is a very necessary precaution but the cerebral carries it too far the cerebral lacking a large elementary system is not tempted to overload his stomach or over tax his vital organs and because he is a highly evolved type possessing little of the instincts which are at the bottom of most dissipation he is not addicted to late hours wine, women or excitement diseases he is most susceptible to nervous diseases of all kind most frequently afflict this type his nervous system is super sensitive it breaks down more easily and more completely than that of more elemental types just as a high powered car is more easily wrecked than a truck music he likes high brow music is kept alive mostly by high brows while the other types cultivate a taste for the grand opera or simulate it because it is supposedly proper the cerebral really enjoys it in the top gallery at any good concert you will find many cerebrals entertainment he prefers the serious drama and education lectures are other favorite entertainments of the cerebral he cares little for vaudeville girl shows or claptrap fasses the kind of program that keeps the fat man's smile spread from ear to ear takes the cerebral to the box office for his money a steady patron at the movies the cerebral goes to the movies more than any other type save the fat man but not for the same reasons the large brained small bodied man cares nothing for most of the recreations with which the other types amuse themselves so the theater is almost his only diversion it is often times the only kind of entertainment within the reach of his purse and it deals with many different subjects in almost all of which the pure cerebral has some interest don't laugh at same things but if you'll notice next time you go to a movie it will be clear to you that the fat people and the large headed people do not laugh at the same things the pie-throwing and cutie coquette that convulse the 200 pounder fail to so much as turn up the corners of the other man's mouth and the subtle things that amuse the cerebral go over the heads of the pure elementives cares for no sports but the fat man and the large brained man have one trait in common neither of them cares for strenuous sports the fat man dislikes them because he is too heavy on his feet the cerebral dislikes them because he is too heavy at the opposite extremity he expends what little energy he has in mental activities but he also has none left for violent physical exertion likes mental games this type enjoys quiet games requiring thought, chess and checkers are favourites with them the impersonal the cerebral is the most impersonal of all types while the elementive tends to measure everything from the standpoint of what it can do for him personally the cerebral tends to think more impersonally and to be interested in many things outside of his own affairs lacks pugnacity primitive things of every kind are distasteful to the cerebral the instincts of digestion, sex, hunting and pugnacity are but little developed in him he is therefore a man who likes harmony avoids coming to blows and goes out of his way to keep the peace such a man does not go hunting and seldom owns a gun he dislikes to kill or harm any creature the cleverest crook the cerebral is usually a naturally moral person but when lacking in conscience either through bad training or other causes he occasionally turns to crime for his income this is because his physical frailty makes it difficult for him to do heavy work while his mentality enables him to think out ways and means of getting a living without it though the clumsy criminal may belong to any type the cleverest crooks those who defy detection for years always have a large element of the cerebral in their makeup big brains in little jobs there are two kinds of work in the world head work and hand work mental and manual if you can star in either life guarantees you a good living but if you are good at neither you are doomed to dependence the cerebral's physical frailty unfits him for the manual unless he is school or self-educated he becomes the sorriest of all human misfits he fails between the two and leads a precarious existence working in the lighter indoor positions requiring the least mentality if you will keep your eyes open you will many times note that the little waiter in the high-class restaurant or hotel has a head very large for his body such men are much better read have a far greater appreciation of art and literature and more natural refinement than the porky patrons they serve social assets a fine sense of the rights of others and natural modesty and refinement are the chief social assets of this type social liabilities lack of self-expression too great reserve and too much abstractness in conversation are the things that handicap the cerebral his small stature and timid air also add to his appearance of insignificance and cause him to be overlooked at social affairs emotional assets sympathy gentleness and self-sacrifice are other assets of this type emotional liabilities a tendency to nervous excitement and to a lack of balance are the chief emotional handicaps of this type business assets this type has no traits which can properly be called business assets he dislikes business is repelled by its standards and has no place in any of its purely commercial branches business liabilities his inability to keep his feet on the ground and his tendency to live in the clouds and to be generally impractical unfit this type for business life domestic strength tenderness, consideration and idealism are the chief domestic assets of the cerebral type domestic weakness inability to provide for his family incapacity for making money necessary to meet their needs and his tendency to spend the little he does have on impossible schemes are what wreck the domestic life of many splendid cerebral men her inability to make one dollar to do the work of two is a serious handicap to the cerebral wife or mother should aim at this man should aim at building up his body and practicalizing his mental processes should avoid the cerebral should avoid shallow ignorant people speculation and those situations that carry him farther away from the real world his strong points his thinking capacity, progressiveness, unselfishness and highly civilized instincts are the strongest points of this type his weakest points impracticality, dreaminess physical frailty and his tendency to plan without doing are the traits which stand in the way of his success how to deal with this type socially don't expect him to be a social lion don't expect him to mingle with many invite him when there are to be few congenial souls and if he wanders into the library leave him alone how to deal with this type in business don't employ this man for heavy manual labor or where there is more arm work than head work give him mental positions or none if you are dealing with him as a tradesman resist the temptation to take advantage of his impracticality and don't treat him as if you thought money was everything remember the chief distinguishing marks of the cerebral in the order of their importance are the high forehead and a proportionately large head for the body any person who has these is largely of the cerebral type no matter what other types may be included in his makeup to understand combinations determine which type predominates in a subject if there is any doubt in your mind about this do these four things first note the body build which one of the five body types as shown in charts one three five seven and nine does he most resemble in doing this it will aid you if you will note whether fat bone or muscle predominates in his bodily structure second decide which of the five typical faces his face most resembles third decide which of the five typical hands his hands most resemble fourth if still undecided notice voice gestures and movements and they will leave no doubt in your mind as to which of these types comes first and which second having decided which type predominates and which is second to him the significance of this combination is made clear to you by the following law law of combination the type predominating in a person determines what he does throughout his life the nature of his main activities the type which comes second in development will determine the way he does things the methods he will follow in doing what his predominant type signifies the third element if noticeable merely flavors his personality thus a cerebral muscular elementive does mental things predominately throughout his life but in a more muscular way than if he were an extreme cerebral the elementive element being third down the list will tend to make him eat and assimilate more food than he otherwise would end of section 2 of chapter 5 how to analyze people on site through the science of human analysis the 5 human types by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Payne Benedict part 1 of chapter 6 types that should marry and should not marry each other I am so sorry to hear the Browns are getting divorced I have known George and Mary for years and they are as fine a man and woman as I ever saw but they just don't seem to be able to get along together how many times you have heard something like this and the speaker got nearer the truth than he knew for the Georges and Mary's everywhere are on the whole fine men and women married to the wrong one each one is all right in himself but merely married to the wrong person a fact we have recognized when both George and Mary made successes of their second ventures and lived happily ever after human happiness as we have noted in the introduction to this volume is attained only through doing what the organism was built to do in an environment that is favorable marriage is only the attempt of two people to attain these two ends individually, mutually and simultaneously difficulties of double harness now since it is almost impossible for one to achieve happiness when untrammeled and free is it to be wondered at that so few achieve it in double harness for the difficulties to be surmounted are doubled and the helps are halved by the presence of a running mate mere marriedness is not mating that two can live on less than one is not true but it is nearer the truth than that two can find ultimate happiness together easier than either can find an approximation of happiness alone this is not saying that anyone who is unmated can have happiness as complete as that which comes to the rightly mated for nothing else in life can compare with that but they must be rightly mated not merely married no one who has observed or thought on this subject will deny that it is a thousand times better not to be married at all than to be married to the wrong person secrets told by statistics surveys of the causes for divorce during the past ten years in the United States have revealed some startling facts facts which only prove again that human analysis shows us the truth about ourselves as no science has ever shown it to us before one of the most illuminating facts these surveys have revealed is that only those men and women can be happy together whose natures automatically encourage each other in the doing of the things each likes to do in the way each likes to do them inborn inclination determines the things every human being prefers to do concerning all the fundamental activities of his life and also the manner in which he prefers to do them these inborn inclinations as we have previously pointed out are written all over us in the unmistakable language of type when we know a man's type we know what things he prefers to do in life's main experiences and how he prefers to do them and we know that unless he is permitted to do approximately what he wants to do in approximately the way he prefers he becomes unhappy and unsuccessful infatuation no guide these biological bents are so deeply embedded in every individual that no amount of affection, admiration, or respect or passion for any other individual suffices to enable anyone to go through long years doing what he dislikes and still be happy only in the first flush of infatuation can he sacrifice his own preferences for those of another after a while passion and infatuation ooze away nature sees to that just as she sees to their coming in the first place then there return the old leanings, preferences, tendencies, and cravings inherent in the type of each the real reversion to type under this urge of his type each reverts gradually but irresistibly to his old habits doing largely what he prefers to do in the ways that are to his liking when that day comes the real test of their marriage begins if the distance between them is too great they cannot cross that chasm and therefore each lives a life inwardly removed from the other they make attempts to cross the barrier and some of these are successful for a short while they talk to and fro across the void sometimes but their communings become less frequent their voices less distinct until at last each withdraws into himself there he lives in the world of his own nature as completely separated from his mate as though they dwelt on different planets we can know but how is one to know the right person, you ask by recognizing science's recent discovery to the effect that certain types can travel helpfully, happily, and harmoniously together and that certain others never can what every individual owes to himself every individual owes it to himself to find the right work and the right mate because these are fundamental needs of every human being lacking them life is a failure possessing but one of them life is half a failure to obtain and apply the very fullest knowledge toward the attainment of these two great requisites should be the aim of every person neglected subjects despite the fact that these are the most vital problems pertaining to human happiness and that every individual's life depends for its glory or defeat joy or sorrow upon the right settlement of them they are two of the most neglected divorce courts our divorce courts are full of splendid men and women who are there not because they are weak or wrong but because they stepped into nature's age-old instinct trap without realizing where it would lead them these men and women who pay so heavy a price for their ignorance and blindness are not to blame most of them have been taught that to be legally bound together was sufficient guarantee of marital bliss but experience has shown us that there are certain kinds of people each individual can associate with in harmony and that there are those with whom he could never be happy though a hundred ministers pronounced them mated for life times will change but the time is coming when we will select our mates scientifically not merely sentimentally it is also coming when we will know what every child is fitted to do by looking at him just as we know better today than to set a shepherd dog on the trail of criminals or a bloodhound to herd sheep The Great Quest Instead of beclouting the significance and the sanity of life's Great Quest instead of encouraging every manner of mismating as we do today we will someday arm our children with knowledge enabling them to wisely choose their life work and their life mate Dolly's Dimple The fact that Dolly has a dimple may make your senses whirl but it is not sufficient basis for marriage there are things of vastly greater importance though of course this does not seem possible to you at the time Sammy's Smile and though Sammy sports a smile the gods might envy he may not be the right man for Dolly even a smile that never comes off great lubricator that it undeniably is is not sufficient foundation for a till death do us part contract Little Things vs Big Things when we hear of a divorce we assume that it was caused by the inability of those two people to agree upon fundamentals we suppose that they found within themselves wide divergences of opinion, feeling or attitude regarding really worthwhile questions social, religious, political or economic we are inclined to imagine that the little things should take care of themselves and that only the big things such as these should be allowed to separate two lives once they have been joined together what the records show yet the exact opposite is what happens according to the divorce records of the United States these records show that divorces do not arise out of differences in what we have always called the big things of life but out of those things which we have always called the little ones why he can't change we do not expect a husband or wife to change his religion and take on his partner's faith we imagine this is an inherent thing more or less deeply embedded in him and not to be altered while we consider it only fair and right for John to give up his favorite sport, his hobby and some of his habits for Mary's sake at the risk of shocking the supersensitive it must be admitted that most individuals get their religious leanings from external sources parents, teachers, ministers, friends especially by the accident of being born in a certain country among a certain sect or within a certain community on the other hand, one's preferences in the matter of diversions are born in him, part and parcel of his very being and remain so to the end of his life accordingly, just as it is easier to change the frosting on a cake than to change the inside it is easier to change a man's religion than to change his activities diversion and divorce most of the divorces granted in America during the past 10 years have been demanded, not on grounds dealing with the so-called fundamentals but for differences regarding so-called unimportant things and more than 70 out of every 100 divorces every year in this country are asked for on grounds pertaining to diversion in other words, more than 70% of American divorces are granted because husbands and wives cannot adapt themselves to each other in the matter of how they shall spend their leisure hours people who cannot play together will not work together long said Albert Hubbard human analysis which shows that each type tends automatically to the doing of certain things in certain ways whenever free to act proves that this is just as literal as it sounds the only time we are free to act is during our leisure hours all other hours are mortgaged to earn a living in the accomplishment of which we often have very little outlet for natural trends so it is only after hours and over Sundays that the masses of mankind have an opportunity to express their real natures Uncongenial work affects marriage the less one's work permits him to do the things he enjoys the more surely will he turn to them in the hours when this restraint is removed if such a one has a husband or wife who encourages him in the following of his natural bents during leisure hours that marriage stands a big chance of being happy these two people may differ widely in their respective religious ideas one may be a Catholic, the other a Protestant or one a shaker and the other a Christian scientist but they can build lasting happiness together on the other hand, two people who agree perfectly as to religious, social and political views but who cannot agree as to the disposition of their leisure hours are bound for the rocks as the honeymoon fades each reverts to the kind of recreation congenial to his type if is made as a verse to his diversions each goes his own way the eternal triangle the tragedy of the other man and the other woman is not a mystery to him who understands human analysis it is always the result of finding someone of kindred standards and tastes that is, someone whose type is congenial the eternal triangle arises again and again in human lives not accidentally, but as the inevitable result of violating inexorable laws law of marital happiness marriage should take place only between those whose first type elements are sufficiently similar for them to enjoy the same general diversions yet whose second type elements are sufficiently dissimilar to make each strong where the other is weak the application of the law to each of the five types will be explained in the following sections of this chapter part 1 the elementive in love just as each type reacts differently to all the other situations in life each reacts differently to love the elementive, as we have pointed out is less mature than the other types with the thoracic next and so on down to the cerebral which is the most mature of all because the elementive has rightly been called the baby of the race because no extremely fat person ever really grows up this type prefers those love expressions natural to the immature the most affectionate type caressing, petting, fondling and cuddling those demonstrations not of wild passion but of affection such as children and joy are most often used by elementive men and women when in love because they are inclined to bestow little attentions more or less promiscuously they often get the reputation of being flirtatious when they are not such actions are often taken by the one to whom they are directed as indicating more than the giver means so beware of taking the little pats of fat people too seriously they mean well but have the baby's habit of bestowing innocent smiles and caresses everywhere why they are loved each type has traits peculiar to itself which tend to make others fall in love with it in the elementive the outstanding trait which wins love is his sweet disposition the human ego is so constituted that we tend to like all interesting people who do not offer us opposition the elementive is amenable, affable, agreeable his ready smile, his tendency to promote harmony and his general geniality bring him love and keep it for him while more clever types lose it millionaires marry them why does a brilliant businessman marry that fat little woman who is not his equal mentally the world has asked many a time human analysis answers it as it answers so many of the other age-long queries about human eccentricities the little fat woman has a sweet disposition one of the most soothing of human attributes the businessman has enough of brilliant people all day when he gets home he is rather inclined to be merely the tired businessman and in that state nothing is more agreeable than a wife with a smile as for fat husbands many a wife supports them in preference to being supported by another and less agreeable man the prettiest type when a woman becomes engaged her friends all inquire what does he do but when a man's engagement is announced everyone asks what does she look like so it is small wonder that men have placed prettiness near the top of the list and the elementive woman is the prettiest of all types this little fact must not be overlooked when searching for the causes which have prompted so many of the world's wealthiest men to marry them other men may have to content themselves with plain wives but the man of means can pick and choose and every man prefers a pretty wife to a plain one feminine prettiness, not beauty, consists of the rosebud mouth, the baby eyes the cute little nose, the round cheeks, the dimpled chin, etc. all more or less monopolized by the elementive type the womanly type the fat woman's refusal to worry keeps the wrinkles away and as long as she does not become obese she remains attractive her clinging vine ways make men call her the most womanly type and even when she tips the scales at 250 they are still for her then they say she looks so motherly so the fat woman goes through life more loved by men than any other type and in old age she presents a picture of calmness and domestic serenity that is appealing to everybody marry earliest and oftenest being in demand the elementive woman marries earlier than any other type as a widow the same demand takes her off the marriage market while younger and brainier women pine their lives away in spinster hood look back and you will recall that it was the pretty plump girls who had bows earliest married earliest and who, even when left with several children, did not remain widows long desirable traits of elementive wives next to her sweet disposition the traits which make the elementive wife most pleasant to get along with are serenity, optimism, and good cooking her weaknesses many an elementive wife loses her husband's love because of her two easygoing habits unless controlled these lead to slovenliness in personal appearance and housekeeping the elementive wife and money the elementive wife usually has her share of the family income because she has the endearing ways that ring it out of hubby salespeople everywhere say we like to see a fat woman coming for she usually has money, spends it freely, and is easy to please in disagreements what they do with their quarrels after they are through with them determines to a great extent the ultimate success of any pair's marriage elementive husbands and wives bury the hatchet sooner than other types and they avoid altercations lives anywhere the elementive wife offers less resistance to her husband's plans than any other so when he announces they are moving to some other neighborhood city or state she acquiesces with better grace than other types family friends the responsibility of adding new friends to the family rests equally upon each partner in marriage the average husband by reason of mingling more with the world has the greater opportunity but every wife can and should consider that she owes it to herself her husband and her children to contribute her quota elementive husbands and wives add their share of new acquaintances to any marriage in which they are partners the elementive wife always enjoys having people into dinner and the elementive husband enjoys bringing them the warmth of hospitality in elementive homes brings them more friendships than come to other types fat man also marries young the fat man marries young but for a different reason than the fat woman the fat man as you will note gets a job early in life from that time on his services seldom go begging he makes a good salary earlier than the other types and is therefore sooner in a position to marry the ladies man just as the fat woman is a man's woman so the fat man is almost invariably a ladies man the fat man usually knows women better than any other type and it is certain that the fat woman knows men her record proves it no fat bachelors just as there are few fat old maids there are few fat bachelors you can count on the fingers of one hand all the really overweight ones you ever knew the best provider because he makes money easily through the various forms of his superior business qualifications the average fat man has plenty of money for his family and likes to spend it upon them he is the best provider of all the types fat people are the most lenient parents and usually over indulge their children the husband who makes a habit for years of sending home crates of the first strawberries, melons, and oranges of the season is a fat one every time desirable traits of fat husbands his generous provision for his family and the fact that he is essentially a family man are two desirable traits of the element of husband he depends more on his home than other types he marries young to have a home and he is seldom farther away from it than he has to be it is unfortunate that the one type which makes the best traveling man is more inconvenienced by the absence from home than any other type would be but he has not submitted silently all the world knows what a hard life the traveling salesman leads and how he misses the wife, the kids, and the good home cooking weaknesses of elementive husbands the elementive husband has but one weakness that materially endangers his marital happiness he is inclined to be too easy and extravagant and not to save money mates for elementives because of his amenability the elementive can marry almost any type and be happy but for fullest happiness those who are predominantly elementive that is those in whom the elementive type comes first should marry as their first choice those who are predominantly muscular the muscular shares the elementive's ambition to get on in the world and at the same time adds to the union the practicality which offsets the too easy going lackadaisical tendencies of the elementive the second choice for the predominantly elementive should be the one who is predominantly thoracic these two types have much in common the brilliance and speed of the thoracic keeps the elementive looking to his laurels and thus tends to prevent the carelessness which is so great a handicap to the predominantly elementive the third choice of the predominantly elementive may be one who is also predominantly elementive but in that case it should be an elementive muscular or an elementive cerebral the last type the pure elementive should ever marry is the pure cerebral and of part one of chapter six part two of chapter six of how to analyze people on site this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org how to analyze people on site through the science of human analysis the five human types by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Payne Benedict part two of chapter six part two love and the thoracic the thoracic in love exhibits the same general traits which characterize him in all his other relationships the most beautiful woman the thoracic woman is the most beautiful type of all she is not pretty like the elementive but her refined features and beautiful coloring give her a distinctive appearance the handsomest man the thoracic is also the handsomest man of all he is tall high-chested wide-shouldered and has the masculine face resulting from his high-bridged prominent nose and high cheek bones the thoracic charmer the thoracic has more of that quality we call charm than any other type charm is largely self-expression by tactful methods since this type is the most self-expressive and the most tactful it possesses naturally this invaluable trait both men and women of this type have an elusive attractive something in their personalities that others do not have a very personal appeal that makes an immediate impression it pierces farther beneath the surface of strangers than other types do on much longer acquaintance the thoracic does not seem a stranger at all his own confidences given to you almost immediately upon meeting you remove all barriers the lure of the thoracic there is about the thoracic person a lure that others seldom have you do not attempt to describe it you say he is just different and he is no other type has his spontaneity and instantaneous responsiveness so while the elementive is always liked it is in a more mild easy comfortable way the elementive does not stir the blood but has a strong tender even hold on people the thoracic on the other hand intrigues your attention impales it and holds it love at first sight the thoracics fall in love at first sight much more often than other types they also cause others to fall in love with them without preliminaries for they pursue the object of their affections with a fire in fury that is almost irresistible hundreds of persons marry each year who have known each other but a few days or weeks in every instance you will find that one of them is a thoracic and usually both no other type can become so hopelessly in love on such short notice the most flirtatious the thoracic is a born philanderer he does not mean to mislead or injure but flirtation is second nature to him this comes from the fact that flirtation more than any other human experience contains that adventurous thrilling element he desires overheard in transit we overheard the following conversation in the streetcar the other day between two young women who occupied the seat in front of us I was sorry to hurt him explained the thoracic I did love him last week and I told him so but I don't love him anymore and I do love somebody else now she really loved him last week thoracics can have a severe case of love and get just as completely over it in a week as the rest of us get over the measles the joy of life a joy in living expresses itself in almost everything the thoracic does especially when he is young such people appear almost electrical these are traits of great fascination and the thoracic uses them freely upon others throughout his life always blushing a more developed circulatory system causes the thoracic to blush easily and often this tendency has long been capitalized by women but is not so much enjoyed by men most easily hurt because of his super-sensitiveness the thoracic's feelings are more easily hurt than those of other types as everyone who has ever had a florid friend or sweetheart will remember they forgive quickly and completely but every little thing said, looked or acted by the loved one is translated in terms of the personal bony people especially find it difficult to understand or be tolerant of this trait in the thoracic because it is the exact opposite of themselves they call the thoracic thin skinned and the thoracic replies that the bony man has a skin like a walrus which is right from his own viewpoint the chivalrous thoracic man with his keen intuitions, his sense of the fitness of things, and his trigger-like adeptness the thoracic man easily becomes an attentive and chivalrous companion where the bony man is often oblivious to the fine points of courtesy the thoracic anticipates his friend's every wish and movement picks up her handkerchief almost before she has dropped it opens doors instantaneously and specializes in those graces dear to the heart of woman he is likely to do as much for the very next lady he meets just as soon as he meets her these ready courtesies cost the thoracic husband as many explanations as the caressing habit costs the elementive breaches of promise more bona fide breach of promise suits are brought against the thoracic man than any other he thinks rapidly speaks almost as quickly as he thinks and about what he thinks consequently many an honorable man has awakened some morning to find he has to pay the piper for an impulsive proposal made to a girl he would not walk across the street now to see many a girl too when she is in love with love promises to marry and the next day wonders what made her do it this is the type of chameleon like girl whose vagaries and sweet uncertainties form the theme of many short stories in most of which she is pictured as the eternal feminine she gets much attention nevertheless many a man prefers this creature of a million moods to the state and sedate girl of other types so the thoracic girl seldom lacks for attention she does not have as many intimate friends as the fat girl for she is less comforting and comfort is one of the first requisites of friendship but she has a longer line of bows dancing attendance upon her sending her flowers candy and messages the stunning girl another reason why the thoracic girl has more attention from men is that she is the most smartly gowned of all the types the new the extreme the very latest in women's clothes are first seen on the thoracic girl she is the type men call stunning men prefer companions who appear well whom other men admire the thoracic woman demands the same of the men she goes about with and for these two reasons many thoracics marry those in whom their own type predominates the merry widows make a note of the dashing widows you have known those who were called the merry widows and you will recall a large thoracic element in each for this type of woman unlike the home keeping elementive enjoys being a widow and remains one she usually has many chances to remarry but her changeable gaitly loving nature revels in the freedom sophistication and distinction of widowhood the appearance of endless youth given by her alive responsive personality deceives the most discerning as to her age the woman of fifty who enthralls the use of twenty five is usually of the thoracic type refuses to grow old this woman refuses to grow old just as the elementive refuses to grow up she clings to her beauty as does no other type she it is who self-sacrificingly starves herself to retain her slenderness who massages and exercises and cold creams herself hours a day before the shrine of eternal youth her high collar all her own is a decided asset in this direction this woman devotes as much attention to her grooming at sixty as the elementive does at twenty for this reason you may any day see two women of forty together one in elementive and the other a thoracic and take the plump one to be several or many years older than the florid one love the bright lights thoracic men and women care more about the bright lights than other types the elementive likes what he calls a good time with fun and plenty of refreshments but the thoracic's idea of a good time usually includes a touch of high life this all comes from his love of thrill and novelty and his innocent enough but it leads to misunderstandings and broken homes unless the thoracic marries the right type of person the asias for instance has nothing in his consciousness by which to understand the desire for excitement which is so strong in the thoracic we have all known good wives and loving mothers whose marital happiness was destroyed because they could not compel themselves to lead the drab existence laid out for them by their bony stony husbands in many cases the wife who only wanted a little innocent fun was less to blame than her unbending spouse why she went insane one day several years ago we drove up to a lonely farmhouse in Montana just as a tragedy was enacted the mother was being taken to the state asylum for the insane the seven little children watched the strange performance unable to understand what had happened the father a tall raw-boned angular man was almost as mystified as the children crazy he said I don't believe it say what did she have to go crazy about she hasn't seen anything to excite her why she's not been off this farm for twenty years the gay devil husband the same thing happens every day between severe bony wives and their florid frolicking husbands she is a perfect housekeeper and a good wife exclaim her friends why should her husband spend his evenings away from home these questions will continue to be asked until we realize that being a good housekeeper and a good wife does not fill the bill with a thoracic man a wife who will leave the dinner dishes in the kitchen sink occasionally and run away with him for a lark on a moment's notice is the kind that retains the love of her florid husband a husband who is willing to leave his favorite magazine pipe and slippers to take her out in the evening is the kind a thoracic woman likes she even prefers a gay devil to a stick as she calls the slow ones makes him jealous the thoracic man wants his wife to look well and be pleasing but no husband wants his wife to be irresistibly attractive to other men so it often happens that the thoracic woman causes her husband much jealousy her youthful actions and distinctive dressing make her a magnet for all eyes if he happens to be too different in type to understand her naturalness and pure mindedness in this he often suffers keenly sometimes he causes her to suffer for it when they get home human analysis makes us all more tolerant of each other it enables us to know why people act as they do and best of all that they mean well and not ill most of the time dislikes the monotonous the thoracic you will remember dislikes monotony everything savoring of routine sameness the dead level wears on him three meals a day 365 days in a year with the same person in the same room at the same table is unspeakably irksome to him he may love that other person with completeness and constancy but he occasionally demands what Bernard Schock calls domestic change of air my wife's gone to the country was the biggest song hit of its year because there were so many florid men who understood just how that man felt the florid wife is as loving as any other but she heaves a sigh of relief and invites her woman friends in for a party when John goes away on business not easy to live with thoracic husbands or wives are not as easy to live with as the elementive they are too affectable to susceptible to sudden changes of mood they live alternately on the crest of the wave and in the depths and rob the home of that serenity which is essential to harmony impulsive tendencies which make the sweetheart adorable are less attractive in the wife and hubby's hair trigger temperament she now calls just plain temper desirable traits of thoracics that they are the most charming in manner the most tasteful in dress and the most entertaining of any type constitute the traits which make the thoracic husband or wife desirable and attractive live beyond means husbands and wives of this type present this marital problem however they tend to live beyond their means the husband in such a case seldom confides the true state of his financial affairs to his wife while the thoracic wife bent on making the best possible appearance finds it almost impossible to trim down expenditures to fit the family purse the habit of entertaining extravagantly and almost constantly also costs the thoracic household dear the desire on the part of a thoracic husband or wife to move frequently from that particular house neighborhood or city presents another difficulty should marry own type for the reason stated above and throughout this work the predominantly thoracic person should marry his own type as first choice no other can understand his impulsiveness his second choice should be a person predominantly of the element of type the element of is more like the thoracic than any other and in the places where they differ the element of gives in with better grace than other types the third choice may be a predominantly muscular person in the latter case however the muscular should have either thoracic or element of tendencies combined with his muscularity because they are so different as to be almost opposites and therefore unable to understand each other the last person that thoracic should marry is the asias part three marriage and musculars the muscular does not marry early like the elementive nor hastily like the thoracic his is a practical nature and his practicality is expressed here as in everything else back of his marriage you will often find some of the same practical reasons that prompt his other activities marries between 25 and 35 most musculars are still unmarried at 25 when their elementive friends have families and when their thoracic ones have had a divorce or two but few musculars are unmarried at 35 though at that age their asias and cerebral friends are often still single the muscular does not marry on nothing and as he does not star in any line of work as early in life as the elementive or thoracic he does not have the means to marry as early in life as they but he is a splendid worker gets something to do and does it fairly well the elementive spends too much on food and other comforts and the thoracic too much on luxuries but the muscular while not mercenary saves a larger portion of his income makes sensible marriages so at somewhere around 30 the muscular is prepared to establish a home by that time he has lived past the rash stage and selects a mate as much like himself as possible in order not to be thwarted in his aims for getting somewhere in the world aims which dominate this type all his life a mate for wearing qualities this type selects his mate as he selects his clothes for wearing quality he prefers plain simple people for he is plain and simple himself they are not carried off their feet by impulse as are some of the other types they therefore choose wives and husbands whose lovable qualities show signs of durability the most positive lover the muscular makes love almost as strenuously as he does everything else he does not do it especially gracefully like the thoracic nor caressingly like the elementive but intensely and in dead earnest he does not cut short the courtship like the thoracic nor extend it for years like the osseous but marries as soon as the practical requirements can be met the elementive is the most affectionate in love and the thoracic the most flirtatious but the muscular is the most positive the fatal handicap the muscular has more strong traits than any other type from the marital point of view but he has one weakness of such magnitude that it often counterbalances them his pugnacity causes him to give way frequently to violent outbursts of anger in them he says bitter things that are almost impossible to forgive this type's chief handicap in all his relations is his tendency to fight too quickly to say too much when angry and thus to make enemies in marriage this is a serious handicap which loses many an otherwise ideal husband or wife the chances for happiness another muscular trait which makes life difficult for his mate is his tendency to be so generous with outsiders that his family suffers also this type of husband or wife is inclined to sacrifice the social side of family life to work and thus widen the distance between husband and wife as the years go on desirable traits working capacity generosity and squareness are qualities making for the success of the muscular marriage the muscular wife more than any other helps earn the living when things go wrong financially the muscular usually dislikes flirtations and gives his mate little anxiety on this score mates for musculars the muscular has four choices in the selection of a mate there is but one type he should never marry and that is the osseous the stubbornness of the osseous when pitted against the muscular's pugnacity causes constant warfare the predominantly muscular person should choose a mate who is also predominantly muscular no other type aids him in the practical affairs of the family's future but it is well for him when this muscular has decided cerebral tendencies second choice for the muscular is a mate predominantly cerebral the muscular in this case furnishes the bran to work out the plans made by the brain of the cerebral and the combination is one that stands a good chance of happiness third choice is the thoracic and fourth choice the alimentive part four the osseous in love bring to mind all the men and women you have known who waited ten twenty or thirty years for the one they had given their hearts to you will recall that they all had large bones or large joints for their bodies such people are always predominantly osseous the loved one may marry but the bony man or woman remains faithful it must be the one they want or none the riddle solved this fact accounts for some of the incongruous matches in middle or later life of old friends who seem to be unfitted to each other often one of them has waited many years for the other to consent for children to grow up or for death to clear the way one lover through life osseous men and women are so constituted that it is practically impossible for them to love many times during a lifetime bony people even when young have fewer sweethearts than other types the large boned boy or girl is usually ill at ease in the presence of the other sex avoid social affairs and does not attract love as early in life as the other types do they suffer keenly from the near ostracism resulting from this but are powerless to change it live apart from others because they live more or less apart from their fellows even as children and tend to withdraw into themselves the osseous see little of the other sex learn little about it and come to think of it as unapproachable as we have seen the elementive feels at ease with the other sex the thoracic charms them the muscular cultivates them when he is in earnest but the osseous avoids them if he does not marry he becomes more and more awkward in their presence as he grows older such a person will often go a block out of his way to avoid meeting a person of the opposite sex marries less often this naturally leads to the unmated life which characterizes so many men and women of the osseous type we asked you to recall the one or two elementive bachelors and spinsters you ever knew and the not more than half a dozen musculars who didn't marry but it will take some time to enumerate the osseous people you know who have never married this type constitutes a very large proportion of the unmarried most difficult to live with when the osseous does marry he is the most difficult of all types to live with because he is inclined to be immovable and unbending to give and take has long been considered the secret of happy marriage and certainly is one of them but this type finds it almost impossible to adapt himself to his mate he wants everything in a certain way at a certain time and for a certain purpose whoever opposes him is pretty ruthlessly handled another marital liability of this type is his disinclination and inability to make new friends he contributes to the family circle only those few intimates he has had for years likes to dominate the osseous is inclined to dominate and often to domineer over his mate and over his family in general this is as true of the women as of the men as we have seen type and not sex is what causes the big distinctions between people the hen pecked husband whenever you see a hen pecked husband look at his wife you will always find that she has either large joints large bones or a square jaw many times we have heard men declare they would show such a wife how to act but unless they could change her boniness they would find it difficult to show her much of anything the reason the husband of such a woman seldom resists is because he is nine times out of ten an elementive or a cerebral types that prefer to be bossed rather than to boss the same combination is usually present when the husband dominates the wife he is almost invariably bony and she is either elementive or cerebral and other women say I'd like to show such a husband what I would do if he tried to tyrannize over me as he does over her but such a woman often prefers a husband who relieves her of the responsibility of decisions and two such people sometimes lead surprisingly happy lives together mates for the osseous therefore the type best fitted to live in harmony with the predominantly osseous is the predominantly elementive second choice is the predominantly cerebral for the reasons stated above there is no third choice the pure osseous and pure thoracic should not marry because they are too far removed from each other in all their tendencies ever to understand each other the one type the pure osseous should never mate with is his own nothing but trouble results when two of the extreme bony type marry for each has definite views desires and preferences and neither can give in part five love and the cerebral the cerebral type takes most of his love out in dreaming he is as impractical about his affections as about all else and often nothing but hopes come of it next to the osseous he marries less frequently than any other type head and heart in the clouds the cerebral often remain single because he cannot come down to earth long enough to propose or if he does he is so gentle and timid about it that the girl is afraid to trust her life to him timidity his curse timidity costs the cerebral man most of the good things he could otherwise get out of life he is almost afraid to fall in love afraid to speak after he does and afraid to face the hostile world with two lives in his hands women like him the average woman likes the cerebral type of man but seldom loves or adores him his helplessness appeals to her motherly sympathy cannot buff it the world but women are afraid to marry the extreme type even when the feeling he prompts is more than mere protectiveness they know he cannot buff it the world for them in their offspring so even when they love him best they usually marry the fat salesman the muscular worker who always has a good job the thoracic promoter who promises luxury or the osseous man who won't take no for an answer always leap year for him when this type of man does marry it is often do as much to her proposal as his he is especially aided in his courtship if she happens to be a quick-spoken thoracic a straight from the shoulder muscular or one of those determined osseous girls the much-loved cerebral woman the cerebral woman is more fortunate in achieving marriage than the cerebral man the impracticality which so seriously handicaps him since the husband is supposed to support the family is not quite so much of a handicap to her men who love her at all love her for her tenderness conscientiousness and delicacy and deem it a pleasure to work for her and she is one type of woman who usually appreciates it the cerebrals weaknesses the tendency to dream his life away instead of doing tangible things that assist in the progress of the family is the greatest marital handicap of the cerebral type inability to make money results directly from this and since money is so important in the rearing and educating of children those who cannot get it are bound to face hardship and disillusionment the saddest sight the most pathetic sight to be seen anywhere is that of the delicate intellectual man who loves his family dearly has the highest ideals and yet is unable to provide for them when love flies out the window when poverty comes in the door love flies out the window is a saying as old as it is sad and it is as true as it is both old and sad despite the philosophers who are all cerebrals themselves love should grow in sheltered soil protected from the buffettings of wind and storm without means no man can provide this protection happy marriage as we have seen is based on the cultivation of the strong points and the emergence of the weak ones of each partner poverty does more to bring out the worst in people and conceal the best than anything else in the world so although this type is high-minded more idealistic in his love than any other type and has fewer of the lower instincts he makes less of a successive marriage than any other type mates for the cerebral because he lives in his mind and not in his external world the predominantly cerebral must marry one who also is predominantly cerebral the reading of books attendance at good place and the study of great movements constitute the chief enjoyments of this type and if he has a mate who cares nothing for these things his marriage is bound to be a failure the cerebral he marries should however be inclined to the muscular also second choice for this type is the predominantly muscular and the third choice is the assias the firmness of the ladder is often a desirable element in the combination for the cerebral does not mind giving the reins over to his assias mate he does not like driving anyhow the last type of all for the pure cerebral to marry is the pure elementive because it is farthest removed from his own type these two have very little in common remember in marriage type is not a substitute for love both are essential to ideal mating people contemplating matrimony are like two autoists planning a long journey together each driving his own car whether they can make the same speed climb the same grades on high and be well matched in general depends on the type of these two cars but it takes love to supply the gas the self starters and the spark plugs and of part two of chapter six part one of chapter seven of how to analyze people on site this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recording by Paul C Newman Sheffield UK storyfolksinger.co.uk how to analyze people on site through the science of human analysis the five human types by Elsie Lincoln Benedict and Ralph Payne Benedict section one of chapter seven chapter seven vocations for each type fame and failure the masses of mankind form a vast pyramid at the very tip top peak are gathered the few who are famous in the bottom layer are the many failures between these extremes lie all the rest from those who live near the ragged edge of down and outland to those who storm the doors of the house of greatness again between these are making up the large majority are the myriads of laborers clerks small businessmen housekeepers that myriad headed mass known as the backbone of the world yes the great distance from the lower layer to the tip top peak is not insurmountable many have covered it almost overnight a favorite fallacy for fame is not due as we've been led to believe solely to years of plotting toil a thousand years of labor could never have produced an Edison a Marconi a Curie a Rockefeller a Roosevelt a Wilson a Brian a Ford a Babe Ruth a Carpentier a Mary Pickford a Caruso a Spencer or an Emerson fame's foundation the reserved seat in the tip top peak of the pyramid is procured only by him who has found his real vocation to such a one his work is not hard no ours along enough to tie his body no thought is difficult enough to weary his mind to him there is no day and no night no quitting time no Saturday afternoons and no Sundays he is at the business for which he was created and all is play Edison sleeps four hours Thomas a Edison so loves his work that he sleeps an average of less than four hours of each 24 when working out one of his experiments he forgets to eat cares not whether it is day or night and keeps his mind on his invention until it is finished yet he has reached the age of 74 with every mental and physical faculty doing 100% service and the price place in the tip top peak of the wizards of the world is his he started at the very bottom layer an orphan news boy he made the journey to the pinnacle because early in life he found his vocation failures who became famous each one of the world's great successes was a failure at first it is interesting to note the things at which some of them failed Darwin was a failure at the ministry for which he was educated Herbert Spencer was a failure as an engineer though he struggled years in that profession Abraham Lincoln was such a failure at 33 as a lawyer that he refused an invitation to visit an old friend because he wrote I'm such a failure I do not dare to take the time Babe Ruth was a failure as a tailor Hawthorne was a failure as a custom house clerk when he wrote the scarlet letter Theodore Roosevelt was a failure as a cowboy in North Dakota and gave up his frontiering because of it these men were failures because they tried to do things for which they were not intended but each at last found his work and when he did it was so easy for him it made him famous play not work brings fame fame comes only to the man or woman who loves his work so well that it is not work but play it comes only to him who does something with marvelous efficiency work alone cannot produce that kind of efficiency out-distancing competition fame comes from doing one thing so much better than your competitors that your results stand out above and beyond the results of all others any man who will do efficiently any one of the many things the world is crying for can place his own price upon his work and get it he can get it because the world gladly pays for what it really wants and because the efficient man has almost no competition efficiency comes from enjoyment but here's the rub you will never do anything with that brilliant efficiency save what you like to do efficiency does not come from duty or necessity or goading or lashing or anything under heaven save enjoyment of the thing itself nothing less will ever release those hidden powers those miraculous forces which for the lack of a better name we call genius knowing what are not your vocations elimination of what are distinctly not your vocations will help you toward finding those that are to that end here are some tests which will clear up many things for you they will help you to know especially whether or not the vocations you have been contemplating are fitted to you how to test yourself whenever you are considering your fitness for any vocation ask yourself these questions self-question one am I considering this vocation chiefly because I would enjoy the things it would bring such as salary, fame, social position or change of scene if in your heart your answer is yes this is not a vocation for you the movie hopeful the above test can be illustrated by the story of a young woman who wanted to be told that she had ability to act I'm determined to go into the movies she told us do you think I would be a success when you picture yourself in this profession what do you see yourself doing we asked oh everything wonderful she replied I saw myself driving my own car one of those cute little custom made ones you know and wearing the most stunning clothes and meeting all those big movie stars and living all the year round in California is that all you ever see yourself doing we inquired yes but isn't that enough all but one the acting she then admitted that in the eight years she had been planning to end the movies she had never once really visualised herself acting or studying any part of her work nothing but rewards and emoluments pleasure or pay self question two knowing the requirements of this vocation it's tasks, drudgeries, hours of work concentration and kind of activity would I choose to follow them in preference to any kind of activity even if the income were the same would I do these things for the pleasure of doing them and not for the pay if in your heart you can answer yes to these questions your problem is settled you will succeed in that vocation for you will so enjoy your work that it will be play being play you will do it so happily that you will get from it new strength each day because you are doing what you were built to do you will think of countless improvements inventions ways of marketing them this will promote you over the others who are there only for the pay envelope it will raise your salary it will eventually and inevitably take you to the top a man we know aptly illustrates this point he was a bookkeeper he had held the same position for 23 years and was getting 125 dollars a month he had little leisure but used all he did have evenings, Saturday afternoons, Sundays and his 10 day vacations making things in that time he built furniture for his 6 room house every kind of article for the kitchen, bathroom and porch and into everything he had put little improving touches such as are not manufactured in such things we convinced him that his wife was not the only woman who would appreciate these step saving work reducing, leisure giving conveniences he finally believed it enough to patent some of his inventions and today he is a rich man of your own accord one more question will shed much light on the matter of your talents here it is self-question 3 do I tend to follow of my own accord for the sheer joy of it the kinds of activities demanded by this vocation which I am contemplating if you do not you will never succeed in this line of work thought it would do him good one incident will serve to illustrate the foregoing test a young man asked us if he could succeed as a public speaker he decided to become a lecturer and had spent 2 years studying for that work do you enjoy talking do you like to explain and expatiate when out with others do you furnish your share of the conversation or a little more with the questions we put to him to all of the questions he answered no but I thought this was just the line of work to go into he explained I've always been diffident and I thought the training would do me good life pays the producer expecting the world to pay you handsomely while remaking you is short-sighted to say the least the public schools are free like life's education but you don't get a salary for attending them to be a success you must produce something out of the ordinary for the world and you will produce nothing unusual to save what your particular organism was built to produce to know what this is classify the kind of activities you take to naturally you can be a star in some line that calls for those activities you will never succeed in any calling which demands the opposite kinds of activities or reactions the worst place for her a few years ago in San Francisco a young woman came to us for vocational advice she had decided to find an opening in a silk importing establishment for none of whose duties she was qualified when asked how she happened to hit upon the thing for which she unquestionably had no ability she said I thought it would give me a world outlook which I need compel me to learn fabrics something I think every woman ought to know forced me to attend to details which I've always hated but which I must learn to master and because it would bring me into contact with people I dislike them but I think I should learn to deal with them when considering a position when a position is being considered the question an applicant should be asking himself are what must I do in this position am I qualified can I make good do I like the activities demanded by this position but 99 out of every 100 applicants for a vacancy ask no question of themselves whatever and only one of anybody else that question is to the employer and it is only four words what does it pay he overlooks the fact that if the salary involved is large enough to be attractive he will soon be severed from it unless he makes good he also forgets that if the salary is small he can force it to grow if he is big enough himself if the particular task he is considering does not warrant a large salary his employers will find one for him that does if he shows he has ability every business in the world is looking for people who can do a few things a trifle better than the mass of people are doing them today and whenever they find them they pay them well because it pays them in the long run the big salaried men don't be afraid that you may develop ability and then find no market for it the only jobs that have to go begging are the big salaried ones because the combination of intelligence is not easy to find the men who are drawing from 10,000 to 50,000 dollars a year are not supermen they're not very different from anybody else but they found a line that fitted their particular talents and they went ahead cultivating those talents without asking for everything in advance looking for chicken feed while touring through the Rockies last summer we came one day to a log shack perched on the mountainside near the road in the backyard was the owner he was ready to feed his chickens as he flung out the grain they came from every direction crowding and jostling each other and frantically pecking for the tiny morsels he threw on the ground several dozen flocked around him but three or four stayed on the outer edge ready to scamper for the big grains he threw down then amongst the boulders up on the hillside I do that just to see them use their heads he explained people are just like that what their mission is instead of staying out where they can see a big chance when it comes life is full of opportunities for every person who will consult his own capacities and aim for the big chance causes of misfits various influences are responsible for the misfit chief amongst which are his loving parents many fathers and mothers with the best intentions in the world urge their children to enter vocations natural fitness whatever these same parents often discourage in their children the very talents which if permitted to develop would make them successful such a child has small chance in the world if it happens that his parents are sufficiently well to do to hold the purse strings on his training not until he has failed at the work they choose for him will such parents desist when they finally allow him to take to the work he prefers they are usually surprised to see how clever he is but if he does not succeed at it they should bear in mind that it is doubtless due to their having cheated him out of his priceless youth the years when the mind is mouldable impressionable and full of inspiration poverty is one advantage in this situation alone does the child of poverty ridden parents have greater opportunities than the child of the well to do he at least chooses his own work and this is one more little reason successful men so often come from the ranks of the poor ruined by too much mothering and fathering is a verdict we would frequently render if we knew the facts Richard and Dorothy one instance in which fate took a hand was very interesting a New York widow whose husband had left his large fortune entirely to her nursed definite ambitions for her son and daughter Richard she had decided should become a stock-raiser and farmer on the several thousand-acre ranch they owned in Texas Dorothy should study art in Paris but it so happened that Richard and Dorothy disliked the respective vocations laid out for them while each wanted to do the very thing the other was being driven to do Richard was small dark sensitive aesthetic and bent on being an artist Dorothy who was six feet in her stockings laughed at her and wanted to be a farmer but mother was obdurate and mother held the family purse so in the spring of 1914 Dorothy was sent to Paris to study the art Richard loved and Richard was sent to the Texas ranch that Dorothy wanted then the war broke and Dorothy hurried from Paris to avoid the German shells while Richard enlisted to escape the Texas ranch Dorothy in her element at last took over the ranch of which Richard had made a failure turned it into one vast war garden became a farmer and there is now a shining success Richard got to Paris during the war and when it closed refused to come home he wrote his mother that the war had taught him that he could earn his own living an accomplishment he is achieving today with his art the mother herself is happier than she ever was before and proud of her children's success three kinds of parents parents can be divided into three classes those who overestimate their children those who underestimate their children and those who do not estimate them at all the great majority are in the first group this accounts for the fact that most fathers and mothers are disillusioned as their children one by one fall short of their cherished hopes those who underestimate their children are in that small group of parents who live to be happily surprised at their achievements the best parents of all are those who allow their children to follow their natural talents don'ts for parents don't push your child into any vocation he dislikes don't be like the parents we dined with recently as we sat around the table they pointed out their four children as follows there's Georgie we're going to make a doctor of him our best friend is a doctor we'll make a lawyer out of Johnny there's been a lawyer in the family for generations Jimmy is to be a minister we thought it was about time we had one of them in the family what about Helen we asked oh Helen why is she's going to marry and have a nice home of her own any student of human analysis would have recognized that of this quartet of children not one was being directed into the right vocation he would have seen that the square geord muscular Jimmy would make a much better lawyer than a minister that little Johnny should be a teacher or a lecturer that fat Georgie was born for business instead of medicine and that Helen had more ability than any of her brothers the woman misfit too many parents have gone on the theory that belonging to the female sex was a sure indication of homemaking mothering, housekeeping abilities the commercial world is full of women who have starved wasted and shriveled their lives away behind counters, desks typewriters when they were meant for motherhood and wifehood the homes of the land are also full of women who with the brains and effort they have given to scrubbing, washing and cooking could have become captains of industry the sealed parcel if you are a parent don't allow yourself to set your heart on any particular line of work for your children your child is a sealed parcel and only his own tendencies as they appear during youth can tell what that parcel really contains allow these traits to unfold naturally normally and freely don't complicate your own problem by trying to advise him too soon don't praise certain professions children are intensely suggestible the knowledge that father and mother consider a certain profession especially desirable often times influences a child to waste time working toward it when he has no real ability for it every hour of youth is precious and this wastage is unspeakably expensive on the other hand do not attempt to prejudice your child against any profession don't let him think for instance that you consider overalls a badge of inferiority or a white collar the marker of superiority many a man in blue denim today could buy and sell the collar and cuff friends of his earlier years the size of a man's laundry bill is no criterion of his income popular misconceptions other parents make the equally foolish mistake of showing their dislike of certain professions not long ago we heard a father say in the presence of his large family I don't want any of my boys to be lawyers lawyers are all liars ministers are worse they're all a bunch of sissies doctors are all fakes actors are all bad eggs and business is one big game of cheat or be cheated I'm going to see that every boy I've got becomes a farmer misdirected mothering a very unfortunate case came to our attention several years ago in Chicago a mother brought her 18 year old son to us for vocational council I'm determined that James shall be a minister she said my whole happiness depends on it I have worked slaved and sacrificed ever since his father died that he might have the education for it now I want you to tell James to be a minister we refused to take the case explaining that our analyses didn't come to order but had to fit the facts as we found them she still insisted upon the analysis it revealed the fact that James was deficient mentally save in one thing his capacity for observing was lightning like in its swiftness and microscopic in its completeness and his capacity for judging remote motives from immediate actions was uncannily accurate he was a human ferret had been proved many times during his boyhood at one time the jewelry store in which he worked as a shipping clerk lost a valuable necklace and after the police of Chicago had failed to find a clue James special ability was reported and he was given a weeks vacation to work on the case he took the last three days for a long desired trip to Milwaukee he had landed the thief in the first four we told the mother that her boy's ability was about the farthest removed from the ministerial that could be well imagined but that he would make an excellent detective I shall never permit it his father was a policeman I distrust that whole class of people I'm taking James to the theological seminary tomorrow and away she went with him two months later she came to us in great distress she had received a letter from the dean saying James had attended but one day's classes then he had announced that he was going home instead he had cultivated a gang of underworld crooks for the purpose of investigating their methods and had gotten into serious trouble never's for all never choose a vocation just because it looks profitable it won't bring profits to you unless you are built for it never choose a vocation just because it looks easy no work will be easy for you except that which nature intended for you never choose a vocation just because it permits the wearing of good clothes you need more than a permit you need ability never choose a vocation just because the hours are short you can't fool employers that way they also know they're short and pay you accordingly the extra play these leisure hours give you will amount to nothing but loss to you ten years hence never choose a vocation just because it is popular or sounds interesting I'm going to be a private secretary said a young woman near us at the theatre recently what will you have to do asked a friend oh I don't know the girl answered but it sounds so fascinating don't you think never turn your back on a profession just because it's old fashioned middle class or ordinary if you have talents fitting you for such vocations you are lucky but these are the ones for which there is the greatest demand demand is a big help if you can add a new touch to such a one you are made why she taught German never choose a vocation just because your friends are in it nor refuse another just because your worst enemy is in it two friends come to mind in this connection one is a splendid woman we knew at college she began a German teacher and up to the outbreak of the war had an instructor ship in a western state university the elimination of German lost her the position why did you ever choose German anyhow Ruth we asked her your abilities lie in such a different direction because my favourite teacher in high school taught German she replied enemies and engineering an opposite case is that of a friend of ours who has worked in an uncongenial profession for 30 years you were meant for engineering Tom we told him with all the leanings you had in that direction how did it happen you didn't follow it because the man who cheated my father out of all he had was an engineer he said never choose a new vocation just because you are restless you'll be more so if you get into the wrong one the society delusion never choose a vocation just because it promises social standing the entree it gives will fail you unless you make good and social standing isn't worth much anyhow when you are in the work for which you were born you won't worry about social standing it will come to you then whether you want it or not and when it does you'll care very little about it the entering wedge never take a certain job for life just because people are dependent upon you save enough to live one month without a job preparing yourself meanwhile for an entering wedge into a vocation you do like then take a smaller paying place if necessary to get started if you really like the work you will do it so well you'll promote yourself you owe it to those who are dependent upon you to do this jack of all trades never do anything just to show you can don't let your versatility tempt you into following a number of lines of work for the purpose of demonstrating your ability versatility can be the greatest handicap of all it tempts you to neglect intensive study to flit to become a jack of all trades and master of none only three kinds of work there are but three general classes of work they are work with people work with things work with ideas each individual is fitted by nature to do one of these better than the others and there will be one class for which he has the least ability in the other one of the three he might make a mediocre success every individual should find a vocation furnishing that one of these three kinds of work which he has the greatest ability then he should go into the particular branch of that vocation which is best adapted to his personality training education environment and experience end of section 1 of chapter 7 section 16 of chapter 7 of how to analyze people on site this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recording by Bill Moseley-Frosberg, Texas USA how to analyze people on site through the science of human analysis the five human types by Elsie Lincoln-Benedict and Ralph Payne-Benedict section 16 of chapter 7 part 1 vocations for elementives as stated in chapter 1 elementives are born for business they can sell almost anything the line of food, clothing or shelter because they are so interested in them themselves they can make them interesting to others they like money for the comforts which money alone can bring and business furnishes a wider field for money making than any other so the elementive likes the commercial world for itself and for what it brings him sells things to people the elementive can deal with both people and things but it should be in the capacity of selling the things to the people chances for money making the elementives have the greatest opportunities today for making fortunes and many of the multimillionaires of America are combinations of this type with the cerebral this is due to the fact that the world must be fed clothed and sheltered and the elementive more than any other type excels in the marketing manufacturing and merchandising of these things a good overseer is an excellent overseer also he is so genial likable and yet so bent on saving himself work that he can get more work out of others than can any other type so he succeeds as a foreman supervisor boss superintendent manager and sales department head capitalizes his comfort instincts the elementive loves comforts he feels he must have them because any man's success will be found to lie in the direction which most nearly satisfies his basic instincts the elementive succeeds by making the good things of life look so interesting to others they are willing to buy them from him at the best prices the elementively inclined every man who is largely elementive in type can sell commodities or oversee the work of others every woman who is largely elementive can also sell the same commodities oversee the work of others in her department and become a good cook things to avoid the elementive should avoid vocations dealing exclusively with ideas books are almost the only things an elementive cannot sell successfully this is due to the fact that he is not as interested in ideas as in things and the things he is interested in food and comforts are the farthest removed from books partners to select when he goes into partnership the elementive should endeavor to do so with a practical muscular a clever thoracic or another elementive partners and employees to avoid he should avoid as partners the pure cerebrals and the pure osseous the former are too high brow and visionary for him and the osseous are too critical of his easy ways bosses to avoid the elementive when looking for employment should try to avoid the boss who is a pure cerebral or a pure osseous the cerebral may be a good planner but his plans and those of the elementives will not work well together the cerebral cannot see the elementive's point of view clearly enough to forgive him for his two primitive methods the pure osseous boss soon becomes disgusted because the elementive is so lacking in the system he usually comes out alright in the end but the orderly osseous is too exasperated by what he considers the elementive's slackness to wait for the end localities to avoid the elementive should avoid all frontiers he cannot work well without conveniences and since these are few and far between in unsettled regions it is much more difficult for him to be a success there vocations for pure elementives cooking catering nursing the conducting of cafes restaurants hotels restrooms and all places maintained for the ease comfort and feeding of mankind are the general vocations for pure or extreme elementives vocations for elementive thoracics the merchandising of the artistic and aesthetic in food clothing and shelter conducting of tea rooms confectionary stores smart specialty and clothing shops salesmanship of restricted residence districts fancy cars etc vocations for elementive musculars the merchandising of more practical commodities such as potatoes meat these homes durable clothing elementive muscular women make excellent dressmakers vocations for the elementive osseus merchandising of farms, ranches, timber, lumber hardware bond salesmanship vocations for elementive cerebrals merchandising, manufacturing and marketing of food clothing commodities on a large scale in world markets this type combination exists in most of the world's millionaires part two vocations for thoracics the thoracic type works best with people every person in whom this type predominates will make his greatest success only in vocations bringing him into contact with people the born entertainer as we have pointed out the thoracic is a born entertainer his greatest abilities lie in the direction of the stage and all forms of its activities capitalizes his a probative instincts the thoracic loves the approval and applause of others he is clever, dazzling often scintillating and magnetic all these enable him to win fame behind the footlights upon the screen and in many lines of theatrical work his gregarious instincts also enable him to make a success of work with others chances for money making his chances for making a great deal of money are excellent a thousand dollars a week is not an unusual salary for an entertainer and the thousand dollar a night is no longer a rarity these always belong to the thoracic type for reasons stated in chapter 2 chances for money spending but when the stage gives him a large income it also furnishes the companions and temptations for spending money freely even the thoracic of fame seldom has much money also his only responsibility makes it difficult for him to save work to avoid the thoracic should avoid every line of work which has to be done the same way day in and day out he must avoid routine in every form monotonous work is not for him things to avoid things the thoracic must avoid are the mechanical for these demand to be used in the same way always the thoracic does not like to do anything over and over should not work alone the thoracic should never work alone he should not go into any vocation where he is separated from his fellows the loneliness and draveness of working away from people are fatal to his best effort business partners to select the thoracic should select muscular business partners because of their practicalizing influence second choice for him is an elementive partner and third is a thoracic like himself partners and employees to avoid the thoracic should avoid osseous employees and osseous partners for the reason that this type can no more understand the thoracic than it can understand the easygoing elementive these two types are at opposite ends of the thoracic and to blend them harmoniously in any relationship is almost impossible the thoracic employer who always wants things done instantly is maddened by the slow unadaptable osseous employee bosses to avoid for the reason stated above every thoracic person should avoid working for extremely bony people the osseous is as much as the rapid fire reactions of the thoracic employee as the thoracic is by the slowness of the osseous localities to avoid the thoracic individual should avoid all localities which would cut him off from his kind he should never accept when combined with the osseous in type live in remote regions on the edge of civilization or too far away from neighbors friendship is always essential to his happiness and success locations for the pure thoracics art advertising comic opera grand opera concert singing the stage the screen and all forms of high class reception work are the lines for pure thoracics for thoracic elementives medicine merchandising of artistic aesthetic commodities life insurance moving pictures novelty salesmanship and demonstrating for thoracic musculars vocal and instrumental music interior decoration politics social service advertising athletics and design for thoracic osseous landscape gardening scientific research the ministry for thoracic cerebels authorship private secretarieship education journalism musical composition publicity work photography part three locations for musculars the muscular works best with things he does not sell them as well as does the element to for the things he is interested in are not the things that sell but the things that move he likes to work with high powered cars machinery of all kinds and everything that involves motion these things though necessities sometimes and luxuries occasionally are not such necessities as food clothing and homes therefore there is no such market for them the automobile has almost made itself a necessity but even it is not yet as necessary to human happiness as food clothing or shelter the born mechanic and inventor the muscular is the born mechanic and inventor he enjoys working with things he can handle mold change construct and improve with his powerful efficient hands most of the mechanics in the world are musculars and every inventor has the muscular element strongly marked in him chances for money making the muscular's chances for making money are not as great as those of the elementive for the reason that he deals best with things the world can sometimes get along without his money making chances are not as great as those of the thoracic for he is not fitted to win the public favor which comes to the latter also the muscular's vocations are not as well paid as those of the two former types unless his inventions are successful the orator oratory furnishes one of the best fields for the muscular's money making and fame achieving opportunities every man and woman who has acquired fame or fortune on the public platform as much of the muscular type in his makeup always however in combination with the cerebral capitalizes his activity instincts as shown in chapter 3 the muscular like the other types capitalizes his chief instinct in his case it is the instinct of activity the muscular likes activity so he likes work and because he is a good worker he nearly always has work to do the muscular inclined every person muscular inclined can make a success at something of a practical nature in the handling running, driving constructing or inventing machinery things to avoid the muscular should avoid all vocations which confine him within small areas pin him down to inactivity or sedentary work business partners to select the muscular should select muscular as their first choice in business partners with cerebral second and thoracic third partners and employees to avoid the muscular should avoid the osseous partner the osseous boss and the osseous employee because his pugnacity makes it almost impossible for him to work harmoniously with this type localities to avoid the muscular can work in almost any locality but he should avoid every place which keeps him too closely confined locations for pure musculars the driving of high powered cars, airplanes machinery of all kinds and work with his hands the lines in which the average muscular is most often successful other lines for him are construction civil engineering, mechanics professional dancing acrobatics athletics and pugilism women of this type make splendid physical culture teachers and expert swimmers for muscular elementives the manufacturing and selling of practical foods clothing and shelter also politics for muscular thoracics advertising sculpture, osteopathy athletics, exploration medicine baritone and tenors singing instrumental music politics, social service transportation designing and dentistry for muscular osteos construction, bridge building office law policemen and police women mechanics and mining for muscular cerebrals architecture, art journalism, trial or jury law oratory surgery, transportation teachers and tragedians also come from this type part four locations for the osseous the osseous man or woman can do his best work with things those with which he works best are lands, forests, the sea planes, mountains and certain kinds of mechanical things instead of combining things and people in his work like the elementive machines and people like the muscular or people only like the thoracic the osseous must not only confine himself almost exclusively to working with things but he must work with them away from the interference or interruption or superintendence of other people capitalizes his independence instinct the osseous like other types succeeds which automatically brings into play his basic instincts his fundamental instinct is that of independence he never succeeds signally in any line of work in which this instinct is repressed or thwarted he chafes against restriction he enjoys mastering a thing and when let alone to work in his own way he makes an excellent employee as has been stated he is the steadiest of all chances for money making chances for the osseous to make a great deal of money are few unless he confines himself to finance working as exclusively with money as possible or to dealing with natural resources the osseous seldom becomes rich he cares more for money than any of the other types saves a much larger portion of what he earns and no matter how rich is seldom extravagant his greatest obstacle to money making is his tendency to hang on to whatever he has awaiting the rise in prices which never go quite high enough to suit him an osseous friend of ours has lived for 40 years on almost nothing while holding for a fabulous price an old residential corner a desirable block of a downtown street in one of the large American cities he could have sold it years ago for enough to make him comfortable for life to give him travel, leisure, comforts and self expression but he refused as has been pointed out before each individual prefers the self expression common to his type this man has found more of what is real self expression to him in defying the construction of this building and the march of commerce in that neighborhood and in opposing prospective buyers then all the money bought comforts in the world could have given him so he has worked away as a draftsman at a small salary 8 hours a day for those 40 years he is unmarried and has no brothers or sisters when he dies, remote relatives whom he has never seen and who care nothing for him he will sell the property and have a good time on the money but they will have no better time spending it than he has had saving it those who are inclined to the osseous every person with a large osseous element is capable of saving money of being a faithful worker under right conditions and of withstanding hardship in his work difficult missions into pioneer regions are successful only when entrusted to men or women who have the osseous as one of their first two elements the north pole it is a significant fact that all the men who have made signal efforts at finding the north and south poles have possessed the bony as a large proportion of their makeup no extremely fat man has ever attempted such a thing missionaries it is also interesting to note that the most successful missionaries have had a larger than average bony system and that all those who go into the extreme edges of civilization and stay there any length of time are largely of this type other types plan to become missionaries and some get as far as to be sent somewhere but those who stick who spend years in the far corners of the earth are always largely osseous things to avoid the osseous must avoid all vocations demanding his constant or intimate contact with large numbers of people every kind of work that calls for instantaneous movements sudden adaptations to environment many or sudden decisions or crowded work rooms he must avoid working for with or over others business partners to select the osseous should never have a partner if he can help it when he cannot help it he should choose a person of large cerebral tendencies for no other type will stand for his peculiarities partners and employees to avoid he should avoid above all things a partner who is osseous like an osseous always knows what he wants to do how he wants to do it and when and one of the requirements with him usually is that it must be the opposite of the thing manner and time desired by the other fellow so in business as in marriage two osseous people find themselves in unending warfare he should avoid the osseous employees also for the same reasons and choose the only types that will submit to his hard driving bosses to avoid the osseous should never work for a boss when he has brains enough to work alone he is so independent that it is almost impossible for him to take orders and the contrary streak in him runs so deep that he is just naturally against what others want him to do he is the most insubordinate of all types as an employee and as a boss is the most inexorable localities to avoid the osseous should avoid all congested communities he does not belong in the city except in some vocation where he handles money he seldom succeeds in a metropolis his field is the frontier the great open spaces of land sea forest and mountain where he works with things that grow that are not sensitive that do not offer human resistance to his imperious dominating nature vocations for pure osseous farming stock raising lumbering lighthouse keeping open sea fishing hardware saw milling and all pioneering activities are the vocations in which the unmixed osseous succeeds best for osseous elementives work as a farm hand, sheep or cattle herder or truck gardener are the lines in which this combination succeeds best he can do clerical work also for osseous thoracics agriculture carpentering, railroading mining office law electrical and chemical engineering are the first choices for this combination both men and women of this type succeed on police forces also for osseous cerebrals the invention of intricate mechanical devices is something in which this combination often succeeds other lines for him are those of statistician mathematician proofreader expert genealogist and banker part 5 vocations for cerebrals the cerebral man or woman can never be happy or successful until he is in work that deals with ideas but his planning is often impractical and for this reason he does not succeed when working independently as does the osseous capitalizes his administrative instinct the cerebral gets his name from the cerebrum or thinking part of the brain because this is the system most highly evolved in him his great size in the large headed man causes it to dominate his life thus his chief instinct is cerebration dreaming, meditating visualizing, planning since these are the real starters of all progress this type should be encouraged with a view to making him more practical the born writer the brain system is large in all men and women who achieve distinction in writing or in other lines where the brain does most of the work unless combined with the muscular this man writes much better than he talks and usually avoids speech making when the muscular is combined with the cerebral he will be an excellent lecturer or teacher chances for money making the pure cerebral has the least likelihood of making money of any of the types for the reasons stated in chapter 5 if he is a pure cerebral his ideas and writings however brilliant will seldom bring him financial independence unless he gets a muscular thoracic or preventive business manager and strictly follows his directions the cerebrally inclined any person inclined to the cerebral type that is with a large, wide, high forehead or a large head for his body will succeed in some line of work where study and middle effort are required things to avoid the pure cerebral should avoid every kind of work that calls for manual or bodily effort physical strenuosity lifting of heavy things or the handling of large machines he should avoid every kind of work that gives no outlet for planning or thinking he should avoid being an employer because he sees the employee's viewpoint so clearly that he lives in his skin instead of his own this means that he does not get the service out of employees that other types get he is not fitted in any way to rule others dislikes to dominate them feels like apologizing all the time for compelling them to do things and is made generally miserable by this responsibility business partners to select the selection of a partner is one of greater importance to the cerebral than to any other type it is impossible for him to work out his plans alone it is as necessary for the cerebral to have a partner as it is for the osseous not to have one this partner should be a person largely of the muscular type to supply the practicality the cerebral lacks as a second choice he should be of the thoracic type to supply the gregariousness which the cerebral lacks the third choice should be an osseous to supply the quality which can get work out of employees and thus make up for the lacks treatment the cerebral tends to give his subordinates partners and employees to avoid though he succeeds well when he is himself a combination of elementive and cerebral the pure cerebral should avoid partners and employees who are purely elementive their ideas and attitudes are too far away from his own for them to succeed cooperatively localities to avoid the cerebral can work in any locality partly from the fact that every spot in the world interests him but he should avoid ranches livestock farms lumber camps construction gangs ditch digging and saw milling jobs for he lacks the physical strength vocations for pure cerebrals education teaching library work authorship literary criticism and philosophy are the vocations best suited to the pure cerebral for cerebral elementives this combination comprises the majority of the world's millionaires for it combines the intense elementive desires for life's comforts with the extreme brain capacity necessary to get them so he becomes a magnet a man of big business and tends to high finance manufacturing and merchandising on a world scale for cerebral thoracics journalism the ministry teaching photography interior decorating cuisine editing are among the vocations best suited to this type the best educational directors for large department stores and other establishments and some of the best comedians belong to this combination for cerebral musculars manual education trial or jury law invention of all kinds of machinery social service oratory teaching lecturing and nose and throat surgery are the best lines of work for this combination for cerebral osceus authorship finance statistics invention of complex mechanical devices expert accounting and mathematics are the best lines for this combination so here then end if the five human types being the first in the world to expound sciences discovery that all human beings fall into five definite divisions according to their biological evolution by L.C. Lincoln benedict first writer and publisher of this classification first lecturer in the world to present it to the public and first compiler of the science of human analysis also by Ralph Payne benedict whose knowledge and education inspire the doing of all these printed and made into a book by the Roycrofters at their shops which are at East Aurora Erie County and State of New York in the year nineteen hundred and twenty one end of sections sixteen of chapter seven end of how to analyze people on site through the science of human analysis by L.C. Lincoln benedict and Ralph Payne benedict