 We're working under the sponsorship of Simtrop at the University of Polancariah, and we're carrying out biodiversity research. Our, I suppose, flagship species that we're studying are the orangutans, the gibbons and the clouded leopards. We've also, a couple of years ago, started studying the red langurs. We're also looking at all levels of biodiversity within the forest. So we're looking at ants and butterflies, frogs, birds, and we've also started doing a project on insects, general insects. So we're trying to understand as much as we can about the forest. We're also looking at forest regeneration and how the forest recovers after natural disturbance, like tree falls. Also human disturbance, for example, cutting canals into the forest or creating gaps to hunt the flying foxes. The research with the orangutans started just carrying out density surveys. Once it was discovered that orangutans lived in that forest, we realised we knew nothing about them. There was very little information about orangutans in Peaks-Wamp Forest. So the research was built on carrying out the density surveys to get an estimate of population. And from that, my colleagues Simon Husson and Helen Mora Barnard started habituating the orangutans so that we could follow them because they're all completely wild, no reintroduced orangutans. And if we can follow them, we can see where they go, what they eat, how they use the forest, what sort of ranges they need, what size of forest they need to live in. We can also get information about the population. We can start to see how often they have new infants. And the more we get to know the animals, the more that we can follow them. And they'll follow them over a long period of time to really understand more about their ecology and how they use the forest. We think there's only been one event that's really affected the orangutans. It was a combination of pressure from the edge of the forest of illegal logging pushing in. And a fire is happening in the centre of the forest that pushed the orangutans into a habitat that's very low productivity, naturally quite poor productivity. And because they were pushed into this area, there wasn't actually enough food to support all of the orangutans. And we think the population crashed from about 12,000 orangutans throughout the entire Subango catchment, down to about 7,000 of what the numbers are now. The subsequent fire events have not been as bad, although they've been bad in other ways, but we don't think that the subsequent fire events, so 2002, 2006 and 2009, have had too much of an impact on the population. What I think is happening, though, is that these prolonged fire events, which produce a lot of smoke up in the atmosphere, are having an effect on the trees because the trees are not able to photosynthesise as much, so there's a lot more death in the trees, leaves are falling and dying as are flowers. And then there's a long term knock on effect as to how much fruit the trees can produce because they haven't been able to gain enough nutrition during the period when there's a lot of smoke. We're still analysing the data on that, and it looks like that these smoke events actually have quite a long term knock on effect for the trees, which ultimately affects the orangutans because if they don't have enough food, then there's a problem. One of the things that we have discovered is that these very long smoke periods, three months of bad smoke, it does seem to be having an effect on the animals themselves. Obviously, if they're breathing in all of this smoke, it must be having some health problems with them, specifically with the gibbons who sing every morning to defend their territory. Their singing is greatly reduced. They don't sing as much during the smoke season. They also seem to travel far less. It's obviously having some health effects on them, and we would expect that to be the same for probably all the animals in the forest. I think there are probably a lot of lessons that can be learned from Africa, and I think it's great when you have meetings like this where it's actually not the foreigners who are presenting ideas. We have delegates from Africa who have arrived today who are talking to people from the national parks, two people from SIMTROPS who are talking to the Indonesians about their own experiences, and I think that sharing of ideas is very, very good. A lot of the national parks in Africa are a lot older than the ones in Indonesia, and so there maybe hopefully have a lot of lessons that can be learned, maybe mistakes that can be avoided in the future. I think bringing people like that together, although it's expensive, is a very good thing that you're actually getting from the people that work in Africa directly to the Indonesians, getting them together to be able to share ideas and discuss problems.