 In the late 1950s, when Fidel Castro was taking his revolution out of the mountains toward the ultimate victory of Havana, the world watched what was believed to be a popular uprising of the people. It is not communism or Marxism in our ideas. Our political philosophy is representative democracy and social justice in a well-planned economy. But the revolution provided a new base for the KGB and the communist intelligence networks. Vladislav Bitman was a deputy director with Czech intelligence. A few years after the revolution, the Czechs helped to build up the Cuban intelligence service. And then, I think in the early 1960s, the Soviets took over completely when Cuba was really in the hands of the Soviet Union. Here at the Cuban mission to the United Nations in New York City were 98 Cuban nationals work. At least half are members of the DGI, the Cuban intelligence service. This man is Nestor Garcia. Until the summer of 1980, he was officially listed as the first secretary to the Cuban mission. But in reality, he was chief of station for Cuban intelligence in New York City. In Moscow, the direct responsibility for running Cuban intelligence is assigned to Department 11 of the KGB, the same department that controls the Czechs, Poles, and other European communist intelligence agencies. Since the late 1960s, Soviet KGB officers living in Havana have directly run the operation of Cuban intelligence. As a result of two years' research, the connections team has been able to ascertain these startling facts. Cuban intelligence was taken over by the Soviets in 1969. At that time, it became and has remained totally financed and controlled by the KGB. Now living in hiding, this man is the highest-ranking Cuban officer to defect to the United States. This is the first known television interview that a DGI officer has given. In Moscow, I was trained in recruiting of agents, in infiltrating the CIA, in counterintelligence. Was all your training directed at the United States, all your training in Moscow directed at the United States? Even if the work dealt with operations in Italy, France, England, Canada, it was ultimately directed against the United States. In the case of a plan of sabotage against an American embassy, the physical layout of the plant had to be known. Was there any other installations than embassies that were looked at for sabotage? All the big American companies. Since the late 1960s, General Semenov of the KGB has controlled the DGI from Havana for the Soviets. General Semenov, the Soviet chief, would be the one who would give the order. So the Russians controlled Cuban intelligence, actually controlled? Totally and absolutely. The second most important base of Cuban intelligence in North America is the Cuban consulate in Montreal. From here and other Cuban diplomatic missions, the DGI conducts intelligence and espionage operations through a spy network designed to increase the KGB's penetration of North American life. You saw the files of these people in Havana, correct? Yes, I know many. Were they working, for instance, trying to get defense secrets from America? Yes, definitely so. What else? Political information, economic information, leftist movements in the United States, on the blacks, industrial plants of the United States like power plants and so on and so forth. Why would they be interested in power plants? This information is necessary to the Soviets. This former DGI officer was shown the official list of the 12 Cubans stationed in Washington at the Cuban interest section. How many on that list do you know as being in intelligence? Quadruple. There are four on that list. Certainly. Have you ever heard of a Mr. Ricardo Escartan? Yes, obviously I didn't tell him. He's an intelligence officer. How about Mr. Juan Carbonell? Juan Carbonell is another intelligence officer who was in Jamaica. Jeju Arbalea? Also. Mr. Martinez? Yes, this is another officer of the DGI. Six months after this interview, Ricardo Escartan was expelled from the U.S. for espionage activities. But the other DGI officers, Carbonell, Arbalea and Martinez, are still operating in Washington. In the mid-1960s, the black ghettos of America erupted in flames and violence in an apparently spontaneous protest. The riots did not need instigation by outside elements, yet once the conditions were ripe, revolutionaries of the left moved in, funded and supported by the Cuban DGI. One such revolutionary was Philip Luce. What was the nature of your meeting with Fidel Castro? Our nature, first of all, was we met a number of times. But our first meeting dealt with what the group would do in Cuba. Secondly, it was what we could do in the United States once we returned. And third of all, we received over $20,000 to bring back to the United States. The next year, we were engaged in tremendous riots in New York City, which then spread to Cleveland, to Los Angeles, to other areas. Agitation, that juncture, was vital, not only to our cause, but to the cause of the Cubans. We trained people in the use of weapons. We also trained people on how to stand on top of their tenement buildings and throw down garbage cans filled with bricks. We also taught them how to make mulit off cocktails. But as a matter of fact, the Cubans at that time said to us, your revolution is your own revolution. But while we were in Cuba, they gave us money to bring back to the United States, to be utilized in terrorist activities. They also invited us to the embassy wherein they gave us money to send young Americans to Cuba who were later trained in terrorist activities. We went to the Cuban embassy on a number of occasions to get funding. In the 1960s, Bernadine Dorn was one of the leaders of the violent radical group known as the Weathermen. On December 3, 1980, in Chicago, Bernadine Dorn surrendered after ten years in hiding. With her was another Weatherman, Bill Ayers, with whom she had been living. They held a press conference and stated their continued commitment to radical change. Resistance by every means necessary is happening, and will continue to happen within the United States as well as around the world. And I remain committed to the struggle ahead. The man with Bernadine Dorn, Bill Ayers, was one of the key members of the Weathermen during the 1960s. A man who knew Ayers well during those years was Larry Grathwold, a former member of the Weather Underground, which had developed close ties with the Cubans. Well, when the Cubans viewed the revolutionary struggle in the United States, they recognized the fact that the left as it existed in 69 and 70 was not capable of overthrowing the government by itself. Consequently, they had hoped that the group itself would be able to attack the system from within and provide assistance to the international movement, the international communist revolution. As a Weatherman, if I became cut off from the main body of the organization, the Weather Underground organization, I could make contact or reestablish contact by going to the Cuban Embassy in Mexico or Canada and asking to, as an example, I wanted to get in touch with Bernadine Delgado. That was the code word, Delgado. And I would tell him that I'm Larry Delgado and I can be reached at such a phone number or at such and such an address, and the Cubans would make the connection and put me back in contact with the Weathermen. How do you know this? How do you know this information? The old Bill Ayers gave me those instructions in, it was either February or March of 1970 in Detroit. The Cuban DGI is organized into seven departments and subdivided into geographic sections, the largest one being the United States section. It controls North American operations, including the U.N. diplomatic posts and radical groups. During the 1970s, hundreds of young Americans circumvented U.S. travel regulations to go to Cuba to harvest sugarcane and experience the Cuban Revolution firsthand. As a cover for the recruitment of the Weathermen, the DGI organized the Venceramos Brigades. The organizers, tour guides and hosts were officers of the DGI who used the occasion to train young American radicals. Cuban intelligence was well prepared for the Venceramos Brigades when they arrived. Every time that the Venceramos Brigade contingent arrived in Cuba, all the operations of the DGI had to drop what they were doing and go to work on the Venceramos Brigade. We had to investigate, collect background to see who could be recruited, what information could be obtained. Do you know of young Americans who were recruited in the brigade to work for the Cuban intelligence who came back to America and were secretly working for the Cubans? Yes, and they are still working. Still working for the Cubans in America? Yes, definitely. The brigade was established with the sole purpose of providing a cover for the Weathermen to get their people to Cuba for training. And that's why it existed. As a matter of fact, when our people came back off the first Venceramos Brigade and I think it was February of 1970, the criticism that the Cubans had made about the Venceramos Brigade indicated that the majority of people being sent there, they felt were useless. They really weren't helping them harvest sugar cane. But that it was justified in the sense that here was a means to train and politicize Weathermen contacts in Weathermen. Cuba somehow had the ability to bring out in young people at that time the feeling of communism with a mambo beach or somehow that what was happening in Cuba was totally different than what was happening anyplace else in the world. This was the main reason of the interest showed by the Russians in trying to control the DGI because the Cubans could work far more easily than the Soviets. Weren't the weather people aware that they were being used by the Soviets in some way? No. They view the Cubans as being the vanguard of the international communist revolution. Now the vanguard essentially means that the Cubans are at the very tip of the spear. They're the leadership. The Russians are being used by the Cubans. Now this is the Weathermen's rationalization of this interaction between the Soviets and the Cubans. The Cubans said you've got to become active. You've got to start doing things and planning a national action to protest the beginning of the Chicago 8 trial and to commemorate the riots during the Democratic National Convention of 68 and to protest the war in Vietnam is not action. Action requires that you confront the system violently. So when the Weathermen got back from Cuba, they changed the national action to the days of rage. The days of rage in October 1969 was an attack on the city of Chicago and its police department. Before days, anti-war protesters urged on by agitators of the Weathermen rioted in the streets engaging in violent confrontations and pitched battles with the police. Quebec during the 1960s was rocked by terrorist bombings and confrontations between the police and French-Canadian separatist demonstrators supporting the FLQ. DGI contacts within revolutionary organizations like the FLQ had built an international terrorist ring. It was late March or early April of 1970. I was in Buffalo, New York. The FOCO there consisted of five people. Bill Ayers and Naomi Jaffe were two of those people. Bill and Naomi left and went to Canada. Where at in Canada, I don't know. To meet with members of the Quebec Liberation Front with the objective of establishing closer ties with them and cooperating in actions, if possible, on both sides of the border. And they also received, it was either $2,000 or $3,000 from the Quebec Liberation Front that had been sent from Cuba for the Weathermen. It was an attempt in 1965 by a group of blacks who had gone to Cuba under my auspices to blow up the Statue of Liberty. The Black Liberation Front, which had been formed in Cuba in 1964, was the prime mover behind this plot. The bombing was prevented, however, when the police recovered the explosives from their hiding place in the Bronx. Amongst those arrested was Michel Duclos, a member of the French-Canadian separatist organization which provided the explosives to the Cuban-trained extremists. He treated guilty to illegally transporting dynamite. We know that the Weatherman Underground organization went to Cuba and utilized the same kinds of techniques that we utilized. These people did engage in direct bombing and killing in the United States. So I fear it. And yet, most of them haven't been heard from for a long, long time. That's right, but they're still out there. They're underground. The question is, over a long period of time, what does it take to activate them? In the 1950s, an obscure, unassuming photographer lived alone in Brooklyn operating his business from a storefront. Rudolph Abel attracted little attention until it was revealed he headed a Soviet spy ring operating in America. He was caught and sentenced to 30 years in prison. Do you feel that you received a fair trial? I would refer that question to my attorney, Mr. Dominion. Our American system of trial by jury is the fairest system in the world. In the world of espionage, Abel was known as an illegal, a spy who lives under an assumed name and is controlled by Department S of the KGB. It is Department S that selects the agents who quietly blend into the societies of other nations and lead seemingly normal lives, while secretly carrying out orders passed to them from Moscow. This is part of a television program about the black riots in America in 1968. It was produced by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The end credits are interesting in that the soundman on the film crew, Rudy Herman, was a KGB illegal. He was Colonel Rudolph Herman, whose cover story bears many similarities to that of Colonel Abel. Both men entered the US through Canada and both pursued careers in the film industry. Rudolph Herman went first to Toronto, where he lived quietly with his family in a small house on Sutherland Avenue. He was ordered to take a job with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. In 1969, Colonel Herman was ordered by Moscow to move from Toronto to New York and set up as a photographer while he organized his network of espionage in the United States. His appearance has been disguised and his voice electronically altered. Oh yes, for the past 25 years I was getting every weekend on two days a radio transmission. When Herman was finally caught by the FBI, Richard Kinsey was deputy chief of the Soviet desk at FBI headquarters in Washington. He had been sent to meet people in Canada for one thing? Yes, he had. Do you know anything about why he was sent up to Canada? I'd prefer not to go into that. Colonel Herman traveled to Quebec City where he went to Laval University and met with a Canadian economics professor named Hugh Hambleton. Hello, are you Professor Hambleton? Yes, I am. Hugh Hambleton is a specialist in petroleum economics. He has been named by Colonel Herman as a long-time trusted source. Professor Hambleton met Herman many times and supplied him with information. This interview was filmed with hidden cameras. How did you meet Rudy Herman? I came with Laval, as I remember. I mean, I am pretty awesome. When did he come to Laval? I don't know, the guy, you know, he insists. You know, he faces the guy. I'm trying to, I'm, to be honest. I don't remember exactly. Just the way I knew about Laval. I certainly didn't know anywhere else. Well, Herman met Hambleton at least a dozen times in Canada and in 1975 they met in Haiti where Hambleton passed Herman information about the Chinese embassy. He must have come there to see you. There was a top secret FBI RCMP operation targeting Professor Hambleton and Colonel Herman, codenamed Red Pepper. What was the reason for the meetings between Herman and Hambleton? Again, you're getting into what is still a sensitive area. I can say this, that Colonel Herman was ordered to contact Hambleton by his own admission, by his superiors in Moscow. But beyond that, I would not like to go. Professor Hambleton is not as naive as he might appear. During World War II, he worked for free French intelligence. After the war, he worked for Canadian intelligence in Germany. But then in the late 1940s, he met in Ottawa with Vladimir Borodin, a senior recruiter for Soviet intelligence. You met Borodin in 1948, did you not? From 1956 to 1961, Hambleton had top secret security clearance when he worked for NATO in Paris. Professor Hambleton has also made two trips to Cuba. He met with a leading Cuban intelligence officer, Ricardo Escartin, who has recently been expelled from the United States for espionage activities. In 1975, he made a trip to Moscow. How come you went to the Soviet Union? But you didn't go to the Soviet Union at all? Later, he confessed to making a 10- to 12-day trip to the Soviet Union in 1975, where in his own words, he was under considerable pressure from the KGB. Subsequently, the RCMP raided Hambleton's Ottawa residence and seized a shortwave radio and code books. Professor Hambleton was just one of Colonel Herman's contacts. Herman has provided the FBI with significant leads on Soviet agents operating in North America. His espionage activities were of the utmost importance. My job would be without any importance. I would definitely not spend such a long time in the United States. And besides, during my years of service, I was several times promoted. Now Colonel Herman is somewhere in hiding in the United States, an illegal who came to the surface. Carlo Tuomi is another example of an illegal sent to America by Moscow. You were known as an illegal. What exactly is an illegal? Illegal is a foreign agent who enters the country with forged documents and establishes himself as a citizen of that country. Little by little acquires all the documentation and driver's license, birth certificates, credit cards, and so on. Finds a job, gets all the credentials and all the background, future references as a bona fide citizen of that country. That's what happened to you, right? That's right. And you got all this from Moscow when you were trained as a spy at a spy school in Moscow? That's right. That was a major part of my schooling. In case of North America, Canada, and the United States, what is much more dangerous are the so-called illegal who are smuggled into these countries. That is people who come here under a new identity and they live as citizens of these countries. And they would start operating really in case of war between the Soviet Union and the United States, for example, or in the time of a very serious crisis when, for example, the diplomatic relations would be broken. In case of war, I would be, among other illegals, the only means by which the Soviet Union could get any military intelligence from the United States because all their diplomatic means, all their open means would be cut off. And at the time you were with Czech intelligence, there were actually agents sent over here who were to just sit and wait. That's right. Very many. The Soviets use many routes to secretly place their illegals. The Soviet fishing fleets, which regularly stop at North American ports, have often provided the KGB with the secure means of landing their spies. Boris Stern was a photojournalist with the Soviet fishing fleet and recalls an incident he once witnessed. One time we left a man in St. John's, Newfoundland. He had been kept in hiding on my boat. I thought, the other people on our boat thought, he was an illegal being dropped into Canada. You believe that this was a case of dropping a spy off in Canada? Yes. Within the KGB there is another department which controls illegals. Department V conducts what are known within the KGB by the Macabre description, wet affairs, assassinations, sabotage, and other violent acts. It is the department that takes care of the dirty work of the KGB. Until he defected to the West, Arkady Shifchenko was a senior Soviet at the UN. That has been the department which operates in the secreties, which is even unbelievable for the Soviet secret society. Have you ever known of any Department V people in North America? Yes, it was in New York in the Soviet mission, in New York in the middle of the 60s. And one of my friends who happened also to be working with the KGB, he told me, look, you know, this man looks so quiet, calm and even respectable. If you look at him, you would never believe that he really, what he is really doing and to what branch or to what department the KGB himself belong, the most sinister thing in the world which he is doing. This man was a member of Department V. He was trained in Moscow and sent to Canada where explosives had already been hidden for his use. He refused to be interviewed. After months of work, the Norfolk investigative unit traced him to a small town where he now lives in hiding. You were sent over to North America to engage in espionage angst, and you decided for one reason or another not to go through with this. Sabotka was sent to Edmonton in Western Canada where he spent four years working and acquiring all the credentials of a normal Canadian citizen. In 1965, the call came from Moscow. He was ordered to go to a Toronto suburb and observe a house and its occupants. The house was at the time inhabited by one of the most famous defectors of all, Igor Guzenko, who fled the Soviet Embassy in 1945. His defection led to the uncovering of Soviet spy rings in North America and was a severe setback for Soviet espionage. Twenty years after it occurred, Department V of the KGB was still sending its agents looking for him. If he comes so close, then my life, of course, was very, very... And if I open door, it's a good thing I never opened door. Never opened door in my house. So possibly you went to the wrong house? I don't know, really don't know. So he could be my come in the wrong house or something, but I never myself opened door. Sabotka had been activated by KGB agent Oleg Komenko, who at the time was working as a counselor at the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa and was traveling with the Russian Moiseev Ballet on a North American tour. Strategically placed in Western Canada, Sabotka was ordered to plan in the event of war the destruction of the key refining and pumping stations that supply much of North America with its energy. Edmonton is also a center of top secret cold weather testing for Canadian and American forces, and Sabotka was ordered to find all he could about these facilities. He had other important missions, one of which was to act as a link between Moscow and a KGB sabotage network in North America. I would presume it was no accident that you were sent out to Edmonton with oil refineries and all that sort of thing. It was not an accident you were sent there? No, it wasn't. And I would presume that they... They had their plans on that I must really go. This house off Massachusetts Avenue in Washington D.C. is an office of the Soviet military attachés. Some of these men have legitimate business there. However, most military attachés in reality are spies of the GRU, operating closely with the KGB. Working under the Ministry of Defense, the GRU specifically confines its activities to espionage in military matters. The first chief directorate of the KGB, however, has ultimate authority over the GRU espionage networks. During World War II, Karlo Tuomey was recruited into the Soviet military intelligence. He was born in Michigan of Finnish parents who left America and went to the Soviet Union while he was still a boy. His boyhood knowledge of America made him a natural candidate to become a Soviet spy sent back to the U.S. as an illegal. I was trained to collect military information about the United States armed forces with special emphasis on naval affairs and shipment of arms. Locations of docks and warehouses, specifically in Harvard, New York, where these arms were being stored and handled, and some were being shipped to foreign countries. In other words, you were a spy. That's true. I studied the United States in general, the geography, economy, government, armed forces. The woman who was my English instructor, I've been born in Brooklyn. I was a graduate at Columbia University. I had an excellent command of modern American English. What about the American culture? How were you trained so that you would feel at home in America once you got there from Moscow? The basic way of getting me into touch with American reality and culture was by showing American movies. For movies, you can learn quite a bit of people behave, how they dress, how they talk. That's a very important way to train an agent who is to operate in that particular country. One of the agents, he was not an instructor, but he was a more administrative personnel. He took me to a storehouse, which looked really like an American clothing store, where they picked the clothing the right size. The suits and overcoat had to be adjusted. Were these American clothes that were shipped over to Soviet Union? Yeah, they were American clothes. A lot of them were from Macy's. I entered the United States by train. I took a train from Montreal to Chicago. So Canada was used as a stepping ground to enter the United States. Is Canada a usual way that the Soviets put spies in the United States? It is considered the easiest way. Soviet agents in the U.S. went to great lengths to create what is called his legend or his cover story. This legend, for the later years where I was employed, especially in New York and Milwaukee, the Soviet diplomatic intelligence agents had done a lot of groundwork. They had studied these different places. They took pictures from the outside. They had even some pictures taken inside of these places. In Moscow, Tuomi was shown these photographs of a lumber company in the Bronx, where he was supposed to have worked, and of a general electric plant, where he was also supposed to have been employed. They had been taken by Soviet diplomatic personnel. In most cases, working for the U.N. instructions for me originated in Moscow and were sent in coded form to Soviet intelligence agents who were posing as U.N. diplomats. And they were processed by these diplomat spies and then sent to me by letter with a New York postmark. Did you ever get money from Soviet officials working with or for the U.N.? Definitely. They left the drops, magnetic containers like this. I usually received $3,000 at a time. It was always in advance. Once I received 5,400, which was in advance, this container... How was that container used? Well, the top of the container is magnetized, and then it is left at a predetermined place, which is called a drop, under a railroad bridge, under an elevated... inside a support of a bridge or something, and it was never lost. This was a very reliable gadget. And this was used all over New York City? Or in places in New York City? Yes, I had four different drops. As this FBI photo shows, Tuomi met with his Soviet handler, Alexey Galkin. He then took a cover job at Tiffany's Jewelers in New York. Beneath this subway bridge in the Bronx was one of the drop points he had for messages. Another was the Hudson River train line. Another was under this railroad bridge in Queens at 69th Street. Another on this telephone pole in Yonkers. Once he was well established, Tuomi was ordered to take a job where he could carry out surveillance of the docks at the port of New York. Eventually, he was caught by the FBI and became a double agent. When you were caught by the FBI, did you try to signal your Soviet handlers at the UN or in Moscow that you had been caught? Not immediately, because I couldn't. It was in my mind. But I couldn't do it immediately. I did send a signal to the center, which is Soviet intelligence, military intelligence headquarters in Moscow. I sent a signal three months after I had been caught by the FBI. How did you send the signal? What means? I sent the signal by inserting it in a message which I wrote under the control of the FBI. But I got away from the FBI agents for a few minutes to write that message using the washroom. And was this a hidden writing technique that you used? Yes. I had an extra sheet of a chemically treated paper which was used for secret writing. And I used that in the washroom. There was an internal struggle inside of me. I was torn apart. I was pro-Soviet. I believed in the Soviet system. And here I was working for the FBI, the enemy of my country. I just couldn't live with the idea of betraying the Soviet Union. Are you still pro-Soviet? Well, definitely not. So what changed you? I don't understand how you've changed or why you've changed. That's a very long process, something that doesn't happen overnight. This is the KGB Blue Book where Tuomi is listed under his Soviet name. In it, he is named as an enemy of the Fatherland. But even a spy caught and turned finds it difficult to be parted from his country. Because of the family. You are the family that you head over in the Soviet Union? Yes. I had a wife and I had three children. Otherwise, coming back to the United States, that's the greatest thing that ever happened to me. Have you ever heard from your former wife or your children? No, I haven't heard from them since 1963. Yuri Bisminov is a former KGB agent. Follows the statement of a very ancient Chinese philosopher, who was born 500 years BC before Jesus Christ, who said something to the effect that fighting war on a battlefield is the most stupid and primitive way of fighting a war. The highest art of warfare is not to fight at all, but to subvert anything of value in your enemy's country, be it moral, traditions, religion, respect to your authority and leaders, cultural traditions, anything. Put white against black, old against young, I don't know, wealth against poor and so on, doesn't matter. As long as it disturbs society, as long as it cuts the moral fiber of a nation, it's good. And then you just take this country. When everything is subverted, when the country is disoriented and confused, when it is demoralized and then destabilized, then the crisis will come. Within the KGB is a department that specializes in planting false stories and forged documents to distort others' perception of reality. It is the department that deals in disinformation. Department A of the KGB set up and controls the disinformation department of Czech intelligence. Ladislav Dittmann was deputy director of that department when he was with Czech intelligence. Disinformation can have a variety of forms. It's basically an information deliberately misleading that is leaked through a variety of channels to the opponent to deceive him, to deceive the decision makers in the United States or Germany or Britain. Or it can be disinformation to deceive the public opinion around the world or in a specific country. You've got to be fairly good at this when you're with Czech intelligence, didn't you? Unfortunately, I have to admit, yes. One of Dittmann's audacious schemes was to recover phony Nazi storage chests from a Czechoslovakian lake. The chests were filled with genuine Gestapo and SS documents supplied by the KGB and specifically chosen to rekindle animosity towards the Germans decades after World War II. And I was a member of the diving team and when I talked with few people in the service about this we came to the conclusion that this is a very good opportunity to play a dirty game against West Germany and they would actually put something on the bottom of the lakes and make it a big discovery. So we prepared several German chests. Supposedly they were thrown into the lakes by Germans who were just fleeing Czechoslovak territory. The cases were brought from the bottom in front of television cameras. The documents were then displayed in an elaborate press conference aimed at weakening the solidarity of the NATO Allies. It was quite successful in Italy, in France, in Austria. The press of these countries published them and basically the tone was anti-German. Look what these German bastards did to us during the war and there are so many who are still living in Germany. Who are the major targets of the disinformation campaign that you were waging? Well, the target number one is of course the United States. It is called the enemy number one or the main enemy. That is the official term for the United States. Then the second major target was the NATO Alliance and the goal was, the objective was to work toward the dissolution of NATO with the hope that after some few years the tension within the organization would reach such a stage, such a level that NATO would stop existing. NATO was formed in post-war Europe as a political and military alliance against the Soviets. But its most effective opposition now comes not from Soviet armies but from Soviet disinformation which continually attempts to turn one NATO ally against another. Each one of these papers appears to be a leaked U.S. government document but they're all forgeries designed to sow dissension within NATO. This document made damaging remarks supposedly from former President Carter about both Greece and Turkey. This is a phony intelligence report on European left wingers. This is a forged NATO document claiming to devise ways of getting support for the neutron bomb. A forged confidential State Department memo advocating economic espionage by America on her own allies. Many forgeries have been directed against Anwar Sadat, a confidential U.S. memo claiming his time is up. Or false reports on former Vice President Mondale's remarks that neither Sadat nor Begin are viable leaders. There have been forgeries released to show American suppression of Islam, the religion of its oil suppliers. Yet perhaps the most successful Soviet disinformation attack was on the KGB's main competition, the CIA. It began with an agreement in the mid-60s between the East German and Czech intelligence services. The two disinformation departments, again under the supervision of the Soviets, decided to start a long-term operation against the CIA, making life as hard as possible for the CIA. That is to label many American diplomats, politicians, cultural representatives abroad as CIA agents and paralyze their positions. Specifically in 1966, the first major operation was to prepare a book which is called Who is Who in CIA? The Book Who's Who in CIA was the beginning of the exposés that seriously undermined American intelligence capabilities for almost a decade. So powerful was the impact of this book that its imitators like Philip A. G.'s covert action information bulletin frequently refer to it as source material, as do other major news sources. It was used as a source in this ABC Nightly News television broadcast in November 1980, claiming that the Reverend Jim Jones had a secret CIA associate before the Guyana massacre. This man, Richard Dwyer, is the focal point of many of the questions surrounding the possible CIA involvement at Jonestown. He's a career diplomat who served in sensitive posts throughout the Middle East. Two years ago, he was the deputy mission chief in Guyana. He is listed as a CIA agent in a publication that for years has specialized in such allegations. The CIA denies the accusation. But it was Ladislav Bitman who was one of the real authors of Who's Who in CIA. And although it was not published under his name, the book received exactly the attention he hoped it would. Shortly after coming to the United States, I found this book in many bookstores. I have it at home. And for example, it was quoted by the covert action bulletin or... Is this A. G.'s group? Yes, that's right. There's one of the major sources of information about CIA man. So of course, that's ironic because that is communist disinformation. Konstantin Hanff is a New York-based journalist for Polish-language newspapers in North America. When he decided to expose communist agents in the U.S., the long reach of the KGB influenced his life. In 1976, we started a wave of exposure of Soviet and Polish communist intelligence network, especially here in New York. We exposed agents mostly working around the United Nations. What agents were these? Who were they working for? For the KGB. Any other? A Polish communist intelligence service, which is actually nothing but an arm of KGB too. Shortly after his exposés of the KGB in New York, Hanff's stories were published in a heavily ethnic area in Winnipeg several thousand miles to the west in the weekly newspaper Chass, The Polish Times. In July 1978, on a day the paper had not planned to publish, a bizarre edition of the weekly was put into circulation with articles and semi-nude photos designed to offend its conservative and older readership. It was done in a very clever way, you know, because the look of it was exactly the same as we would have printed, you know. But some things struck us right away, for example, right on the front pages that beautifully breasted women, you know, which we would have never put into a paper simply for the same, for different reasons, you know. But our readers are mostly middle-aged people. You would never dream of doing kind of thing like that, you know. Inside the paper we have a picture of one of our correspondence in the uniform of a German Wehrmacht, you know, and the letter supposedly written by a Jewish writer referring to our journalist, contributed to the paper, Mr. Hanff, as a war criminal, not a war criminal. The funny part of it is that when the war ended he was about 18 years old, you know. And yet they said that he was a high-ranking officer, that he has killed so many Jews and those and that, you know. And there's another article portraying Mr. Hanff as an agent of, you take it, KGB, CIA, FBI, everything under the sun. It has become a classic case of Soviet bloc disinformation on a very personal level. The charges against Hanff were also made in a letter supposedly written by the Jewish Defense League of New York, and the letter was sent out to advertisers of the newspaper, proving them that Chos was harboring a Nazi war criminal. I am Polish from my belief and from my birth and from my persuasion, I would say, but my father was a German, so my engagement in the German Army was not incidental, actually, because... How long were you in the German Army and just what did you do? I was a regular soldier. I was drafted in March of 1944. March 1944? Yes, when I was 17 and a half of age. And in February of 1945, I was captured by the Soviets. The accusing letter was revealed to be a forgery when the Real Jewish Defense League examined this and declared it had not been written on their stationery and also that they had never accused Mr. Hanff of any war crimes. What effect would this have had on your readership? What effect did this have on your advertisers? I mean, what was it like? Well, obviously, I think the main aim was to stop Chos being published and have the same editorial policy as it was, you know, since Mr. Brochkowski took over. And they weren't, as I'm sure, to create panic on the board of directors so that you would fire him and get some really headed fellow, you know, which would be a little bit softer on communism. Yeah, there is a long-term plan and strategy how to frighten prominent exiles who are politically active or organizations that are very anti-Soviet or anti-communist. So, and I have to admit that this is a relatively and easy thing to do. Why? Because most exiles, most refugees or immigrants have some kind of relations with the mother country, with the people, with the relatives there. And they can be even blackmailed because imagine that you have a mother there and somebody comes and says, so if you don't cooperate or if you continue speaking against us, your mother will have a very tough life, my dear friend. In the late 1950s, when Fidel Castro was taking his revolution out of the mountains toward the ultimate victory of Havana, the world watched what was believed to be a popular uprising of the people. The political philosophy is representative democracy and social justice in a well-planned economy. But the revolution provided a new base for the KGB and the communist intelligence networks. Ladislav Bitman was a deputy director with Czech intelligence. A few years after the revolution, the Czechs helped to build up the Cuban intelligence service and then, I think in the early 1960s, the Soviets took over completely when Cuba was really in the hands of the Soviet Union. Here at the Cuban mission to the United Nations in New York City were 98 Cuban nationals work. At least half are members of the DGI, the Cuban Intelligence Service. This man is Nestor Garcia. Until the summer of 1980, he was officially listed as the first secretary to the Cuban mission. But in reality, he was chief of station for Cuban intelligence in New York City. In Moscow, the direct responsibility for running Cuban intelligence is assigned to Department 11 of the KGB, the same department that controls the Czechs, Poles and other European communist intelligence agencies. Since the late 1960s, Soviet KGB officers living in Havana have directly run the operation of Cuban intelligence. As a result of two years' research, the Connections team has been able to ascertain these startling facts. Cuban intelligence was taken over by the Soviets in 1969. At that time, it became and has remained totally financed and controlled by the KGB. Now living in hiding, this man is the highest-ranking Cuban officer to defect to the United States. This is the first known television interview that a DGI officer has given. In Moscow, I was trained in recruiting of agents, in infiltrating the CIA, in counterintelligence. Was all your training directed at the United States, all your training in Moscow directed at the United States? Even if the work dealt with operations in Italy, France, England, Canada, it was ultimately directed against the United States. In the case of a plan of sabotage against an American embassy, the physical layout of the plant had to be known. Was there any other installations that embassies that were looked at for sabotage? All the big American companies. Since the late 1960s, General Semenov of the KGB has controlled the DGI from Havana for the Soviets. General Semenov, the Soviet chief, would be the one who would give the order. So the Russians controlled Cuban intelligence, actually controlled? Totally and absolutely. The second most important base of Cuban intelligence in North America is the Cuban consulate in Montreal. From here and other Cuban diplomatic missions, the DGI conducts intelligence and espionage operations through a spy network designed to increase the KGB's penetration of North American life. You saw the files of these people in Havana, correct? Yes, I know many. Were they working, for instance, trying to get defense secrets from America? Yes, definitely so. What else? Political information, economic information, like these movements in the United States, on the blacks, industrial plants of the United States, like power plants and so on and so forth. Why would they be interested in power plants? This information is necessary to the Soviets. This former DGI officer was shown the official list of the 12 Cubans stationed in Washington at the Cuban interest section. On that list, do you know as being in intelligence? There are four on that list. Certainly. Have you ever heard of Mr. Ricardo Escartin? He's an intelligence officer. How about Mr. Juan Carbonell? Juan Carbonell is another intelligence officer who was in Jamaica. Also. Mr. Martinez. Yes, this is another officer of the DGI. Six months after this interview, Ricardo Escartin was expelled from the U.S. for espionage activities, but the other DGI officers, Carbonell, Arbolaia and Martinez, are still operating in Washington. In the mid-1960s, the black ghettos of America erupted in flames and violence, in an apparently spontaneous protest. The riots did not need instigation by outside elements, yet once the conditions were ripe, revolutionaries of the left moved in, funded and supported by the Cuban DGI. One such revolutionary was Philip Luce. What was the nature of your meeting with Fidel Castro? Our nature, first of all, was we met a number of times, but our first meeting dealt with what the group would do in Cuba. Secondly was what we could do in the United States. Once we returned, and third of all, we received over $20,000 to bring back to the United States. The next year we were engaged in tremendous riots in New York City, which then spread to Cleveland, to Los Angeles, to other areas. Agitation, that juncture, was vital, not only to our cause, but to the cause of the Cubans. We trained people on the use of weapons. We also trained people on how to stand on top of their tenement buildings and throw down garbage cans filled with bricks. We also taught them how to make mullets off cocktails. As a matter of fact, the Cubans at that time said to us, your revolution is your own revolution, but while we were in Cuba, they gave us money to bring back to the United States to be utilized in terrorist activities. They also invited us to the embassy where they gave us money to send young Americans to Cuba who were later trained in terrorist activities. We went to the Cuban embassy on a number of occasions to get funding. In the 1960s, Bernadine Dorn was one of the leaders of the violent radical group known as the Weathermen. On December 3, 1980, in Chicago, Bernadine Dorn surrendered after ten years in hiding. With her was another weatherman, Bill Ayers, with whom she had been living. They held a press conference and stated their continued commitment to radical change. Resistance by every means necessary is happening, and will continue to happen within the United States as well as around the world. And I remain committed to the struggle ahead. The man with Bernadine Dorn, Bill Ayers, was one of the key members of the Weathermen during the 1960s. A man who knew Ayers well during those years was Larry Grathwold, a former member of the Weather Underground, which had developed close ties with the Cubans. Well, when the Cubans viewed the revolutionary struggle in the United States, they recognized the fact that the left, as it existed in 69 and 70, was not capable of overthrowing the government by itself. Consequently, they had hoped that the group itself would be able to attack the system from within and provide assistance to the international movement, the international communist revolution. As a weatherman, if I became cut off from the main body of the organization, the Weather Underground organization, I could make contact or reestablish contact by going to the Cuban Embassy in Mexico or Canada and asking to, as an example, I wanted to get in touch with Bernadine Delgado. That was the code word, Delgado. And I would tell him that I'm Larry Delgado and I can be reached at such a phone number or at such and such an address, and the Cubans would make the connection and put me back in contact with the weathermen. How do you know this? How do you know this information? The old Bill Ayers gave me those instructions and it was either February or March of 1970 in Detroit. The Cuban DGI is organized into seven departments and subdivided into geographic sections, the largest one being the United States section. It controls North American operations, including the UN, diplomatic posts, and radical groups. During the 1970s, hundreds of young Americans circumvented U.S. travel regulations to go to Cuba to harvest sugarcane and experience the Cuban Revolution firsthand. As a cover for the recruitment of the weathermen, the DGI organized the Venceramos Brigades. The organizers, tour guides, and hosts were officers of the DGI who used the occasion to train young American radicals. Cuban intelligence was well prepared for the Venceramos Brigades when they arrived. Every time that the Venceramos Brigade contingent arrived in Cuba, all the operations of the DGI had to drop what they were doing and go to work on the Venceramos Brigade. We had to investigate, collect background to see who could be recruited, what information could be obtained. Do you know of young Americans who were recruited in the brigade to work for the Cuban intelligence who came back to America and were secretly working for the Cubans? Yes, and they are still working. Still working for the Cubans in America? Yes, definitely. The brigade was established with the sole purpose of providing a cover for the weathermen to get their people to Cuba for training. And that that's why it existed. As a matter of fact, when our people came back off the first Venceramos Brigade and I think it was February of 1970, the criticism that the Cubans had made about the Venceramos Brigade indicated that the majority of people being sent there, they felt were useless. They really weren't helping them harvest sugar cane. But that it was justified in the sense that here was a means to train and politicize weathermen contacts and weathermen. Cuba somehow had the ability to bring out young people at that time the feeling of communism with a Mambo Beach or somehow that what was happening in Cuba was totally different than what was happening any place else in the world. This was the main reason that the interest showed by the Russians in trying to control the DJI because the Cubans could work far more easily than the Soviets. Weren't the weather people aware that they were being used by the Soviets in some way? No. They view the Cubans as being the vanguard of the international communist revolution. Now the vanguard essentially means that the Cubans are at the very tip of the spear. The Russians are being used by the Cubans. Now this is the weathermen's rationalization of this interaction between the Soviets and the Cubans. The Cubans said you've got to become active. You've got to start doing things and planning a national action to protest the beginning of the Chicago 8th trial and to commemorate the riots during the Democratic National Convention of 1968 and to protest the war in Vietnam is not action. Action requires that you confront the system violently. So when the weathermen got back from Cuba they changed the national action to the days of rage. The rage in October 1969 was an attack on the city of Chicago and its police department. Before days, anti-war protesters urged on by agitators of the weathermen rioted in the streets engaging in violent confrontations and pitched battles with the police. Quebec during the 1960s was rocked by terrorist bombings and confrontations between the police and French-Canadian separatist demonstrators supporting the FLQ. DGI contacts within revolutionary organizations like the FLQ had built an international terrorist ring. It was late March or early April of 1970. I was in Buffalo, New York. The FOCO there consisted of five people. Bill Ayers and Naomi Jaffe were two of those people. Bill and Naomi left and went to Canada. Where at in Canada I don't know to meet with members of the Quebec Liberation Front with the objective of establishing closer ties with them and cooperating in actions if possible on both sides of the border. And they also received, it was either $2,000 or $3,000 from the Quebec Liberation Front that had been sent from Cuba for the weathermen. It was an attempt in 1965 by a group of blacks who had gone to Cuba under my auspices to blow up the Chancellor of Liberty. The Black Liberation Front which had been formed in Cuba in 1964 was the prime mover behind this plot. The bombing was prevented, however, when the police recovered the explosives from their hiding place in the Bronx. Amongst those arrested was Michel Duclos, a member of the French-Canadian separatist organization which provided the explosives to the Cuban-trained extremists. She pleaded guilty to illegally transporting dynamite. We know that the Weatherman Underground organization went to Cuba and utilized the same kinds of techniques that we utilized. These people did engage in direct bombing and killing in the United States. So I fear it. And yet most of them haven't been heard from for a long, long time. That's right, but they're still out there. They're underground. And the question is over a long period of time what does it take to activate them? In the 1950s, an obscure, unassuming photographer lived alone in Brooklyn operating his business from a storefront. Rudolph Abel attracted little attention until it was revealed he headed a Soviet spy ring operating in America. He was caught and sentenced to 30 years in prison. Do you feel that you received a pair of files? I would refer that question to my attorney, Mr. Donnelly. Our American system of trial by jury is the fairest system in the world. In the world of espionage, Abel was known as an illegal, a spy who lives under an assumed name and is controlled by Department S of the KGB. It is Department S that selects the agents who quietly blend into the societies of other nations and lead seemingly normal lives while secretly carrying out orders passed to them from Moscow. This is part of a television program about the black riots in America in 1968. It was produced by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The end credits are interesting in that the sound man on the film crew, Rudy Herman, was a KGB illegal. He was Colonel Rudolph Herman, whose cover story bears many similarities to that of Colonel Abel. Both men entered the U.S. through Canada and both pursued careers in the film industry. Rudolph Herman went first to Toronto, where he lived quietly with his family in a small house on Sutherland Avenue. He was ordered to take a job with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. In 1969, Colonel Herman was ordered by Moscow to move from Toronto to New York and set up as a photographer while he organized his network of espionage in the United States. His appearance has been disguised and his voice electronically altered. Oh yes, for the past 25 years I was getting every weekend on two days radio transmissions. When Herman was finally caught by the FBI, Richard Kinsey was deputy chief of the Soviet desk at FBI headquarters in Washington. He had been sent to meet people in Canada for one thing. Yes, he had. Do you know anything about why he was sent up to Canada? I'd prefer not to go into that. Colonel Herman traveled to Quebec City where he went to Laval University and met with a Canadian economics professor named Hugh Hambleton. Hello, are you Professor Hambleton? Yes, I am. Hugh Hambleton is a specialist in petroleum economics. He has been named by Colonel Herman as a long time trusted source. Professor Hambleton met Herman many times and supplied him with information. This interview was filmed with hidden cameras. Herman met Hambleton at least a dozen times in Canada and in 1975 they met in Haiti where Professor Hambleton passed Herman information about the Chinese embassy. There was a top secret FBI RCMP operation targeting Professor Hambleton and Colonel Herman codenamed Red Pepper. What was the reason for the meetings between Herman and Hamilton? Again, you're getting into what is still a sensitive area. I can say this, that Colonel Herman was ordered to contact Hambleton with his own admission by his superiors in Moscow. But beyond that I would not like to go. Professor Hambleton is not as naive as he might appear. During World War II he worked for free French intelligence. After the war he worked for Canadian intelligence in Germany. But then in the late 1940s he met in Ottawa with Vladimir Borodin, a senior recruiter for Soviet intelligence. From 1956 to 1961 Hambleton had top secret security clearance when he worked for NATO in Paris. Professor Hambleton has also made two trips to Cuba. He met with a leading Cuban intelligence officer, Ricardo Escartin, who has recently been expelled from the United States for espionage activities. In 1975 he made a trip to Moscow. How come he went to the Soviet Union? But you didn't go to the Soviet Union at all? Later he confessed to making a 10 to 12 day trip to the Soviet Union in 1975, where in his own words he was under considerable pressure from the KGB. Subsequently the RCMP raided Hambleton's Ottawa residence and seized a shortwave radio and code books. Professor Hambleton was just one of Colonel Herman's contacts. Herman has provided the FBI with significant leads on Soviet agents operating in North America. His espionage activities were of the utmost importance. My job would be without any importance. I would definitely not spend such a long time in the United States. And besides, you know, during my years of service I was several times promoted. Now Colonel Herman is somewhere in hiding in the United States, an illegal who came to the surface. Carlo Tuomi is another example of an illegal sent to America by Moscow. You were known as an illegal. What exactly is an illegal? Illegal is a foreign agent who enters the country with forged documents and establishes himself as a citizen of that country. Little by little acquires all the documentation and driver's license. Book certificates, credit cards, and so on. Finds a job, gets all the credentials and all the background. Future references as a bona fide citizen of that country. That's what happened to you, right? That's right. And you got all this from Moscow when you were trained as a spy at a spy school in Moscow? That's right. That was a major part of my schooling. In case of North America, Canada, and the United States, what is much more dangerous are the so-called elicas who are smuggled into these countries. That is, people who come here under a new identity and they live as citizens of these countries. And they would start operating really in case of war between the Soviet Union and the United States, for example, or in the time of a very serious crisis when, for example, the diplomatic relations would be broken. In case of war, I would be... I would be among other illegals the only means by which the Soviet Union could get any military intelligence from the United States because all their diplomatic means, all their open means would be cut off. And at the time you were with Czech intelligence, there were actually agents sent over here who were to just sit and wait. Very many. The Soviets use many routes to secretly place their illegals. The Soviet fishing fleets, which regularly stop at North American ports, have often provided the KGB with a secure means of landing their spies. Boris Stern was a photojournalist with the Soviet fishing fleet and recalls an incident he once witnessed. One time we left a man in St. John's, Newfoundland. He had been kept in hiding on my boat. I thought, the other people on our boat thought, he was an illegal being dropped into Canada. You believe that this was a case of dropping a spy off in Canada? Yes. Within the KGB, there is another department which controls illegals. Department V conducts what are known within the KGB by the macabre description, wet affairs, assassinations, sabotage, and other violent acts. It is the department that takes care of the dirty work of the KGB. Until he defected to the West, Arkady Shifchenko was a senior Soviet at the UN. That has been the department which operates in the secreties, which is even unbelievable for the Soviet secret society. Have you ever known of any department V people in North America? Yes. It was in New York in the Soviet mission, in New York in the middle of the 60s. One of my friends who happened also to be working with the KGB, he told me, look, you know, this man looks so quiet, calm and even respectable. If you look at him, you would never believe that he really, what he is really doing, and to what branch or to what department the KGB himself belong, the most sinister thing in the world which he is doing. This man was a member of department V. He was trained in Moscow and sent to Canada, where explosives had already been hidden for his use. Well, then fine, let's do an interview. He refused to be interviewed. After months of work, the Norfolk investigative unit traced him to a small town where he now lives in hiding. You were sent over to North America to engage in espionage angst and you decided for one reason or another not to go through with this. Sabotka was sent to Edmonton in western Canada where he spent four years working and acquiring all the credentials of a normal Canadian citizen. In 1965, the call came from Moscow. He was ordered to go to a Toronto suburb and observe a house and its occupants. The house was at the time inhabited by one of the most famous defectors of all, Igor Guzenko, who fled the Soviet embassy in 1945. His defection led to the uncovering of Soviet spy rings in North America and was a severe setback for Soviet espionage. Twenty years after it occurred, department V of the KGB was still sending its agents looking for him. Sabotka had been activated by KGB agent Oleg Komenko, who at the time was working as a counselor at the Soviet embassy in Ottawa and was traveling with the Russian Moiseev Ballet on a North American tour. Strategically placed in western Canada, Sabotka was ordered to plan, in the event of war, the destruction of the key refining and pumping stations that supply much of North America with its energy. Edmonton is also a centre of top secret cold weather testing for Canadian and American forces and Sabotka was ordered to find all he could about these facilities. He had other important missions, one of which was to act as a link between Moscow and a KGB sabotage network in North America. I would presume it was no accident that you were sent out to Edmonton with oil refineries and all that sort of thing. It was not an accident you were sent there? No, it wasn't. And I would presume that they... They had their plans on that I must really go. This house off Massachusetts Avenue in Washington D.C. is an office of the Soviet military attachés. Some of these men have legitimate business there. However, most military attachés in reality are spies of the GRU, operating closely with the KGB. Working under the Ministry of Defense, the GRU specifically confines its activities to espionage in military matters. The first chief directorate of the KGB, however, has ultimate authority over the GRU espionage networks. During World War II, Karlo Tuomi was recruited into the Soviet military intelligence. He was born in Michigan of Finnish parents who left America and went to the Soviet Union while he was still a boy. His boyhood knowledge of America made him a natural candidate to become a Soviet spy sent back to the U.S. as an illegal. I was trained to collect military information about the United States armed forces with special emphasis on naval affairs and shipment of arms. Locations of docks and warehouses, specifically in Harvard or New York, where these arms were being stored and handled, and some were being shipped to foreign countries. In other words, you were a spy. That's true. I studied the United States in general, the geography, economy, government, armed forces. The woman who was my English instructor, I've been born in Brooklyn. I was a graduate at Columbia University. I was the excellent command of modern American English. What about the American culture? How were you trained so that you would feel at home in America once you got there from Moscow? Well, the basic way of getting me into touch with American reality and culture was by showing American movies. For movies, you can learn quite a bit of people behave, how they dress, how they talk. That's a very important way to train an agent who is to operate in that particular country. One of the agents, he was not an instructor, but he was a more administrative personnel. He took me to a storehouse, which looked really like an American clothing store where they picked the clothing the right size. Well, the suits and overcoat had to be adjusted. Were these American clothes that were shipped over to Soviet Union? Yeah, they were American clothes. A lot of them were from Macy's. I entered the United States by train. I took a train from Montreal to Chicago. So Canada was used as a stepping ground to enter the United States. Is Canada a usual way that the Soviets put spies in the United States? It is considered the easiest way. Soviet agents in the U.S. went to great lengths to create what is called his legend or his cover story. This legend for the later years where I was employed, especially in New York and in Milwaukee, the Soviet diplomatic intelligence agents had done a lot of groundwork. They had studied these different places. They took pictures from the outside. They had even some pictures taken inside of these places. In Moscow, Tuomi was shown these photographs of a lumber company in the Bronx where he was supposed to have worked and of a general electric plant where he was also supposed to have been employed. They have been taken by Soviet diplomatic personnel. In most cases working for the U.N. Instructions for me originated in Moscow and were sent in coded form to Soviet intelligence agents who were posing as U.N. diplomats. They were processed by these diplomat spies and sent to me by letter with a New York postmark. Did you ever get money from Soviet officials working with or for the U.N.? Definitely. They left the drops, magnetic containers like this. I usually received $3,000 at a time. It was always in advance. Once I received $5,400, which was in advance, this container... How was the container used? Well, the top of the container is magnetized and then it is left at a predetermined place which is called a drop under a railroad bridge, elevated inside a support of a bridge or something, and it was never lost. This was a very reliable gadget. And this was used all over New York City? Or in places in New York City? Yes, I had four different drops. As this FBI photo shows, Tuomi met with his Soviet handler Alexei Galkin. He then took a cover job at Tiffany's Jewelers in New York. Beneath this subway bridge in the Bronx was one of the drop points he had for messages. Another was the Hudson River train line. Another was under this railroad bridge in Queens at 69th Street. Another on this telephone pole in Yonkers. Once he was well established, Tuomi was ordered to take a job where he could carry out surveillance of the docks at the port of New York. Eventually he was caught by the FBI and became a double agent. When you were caught by the FBI, did you try to signal your Soviet handlers at the UN or in Moscow that you had been caught? Not immediately because I couldn't. It was in my mind. But I couldn't do it immediately. I did send a signal to the center, which is Soviet intelligence, military intelligence headquarters in Moscow. I sent a signal three months after I had been caught by the FBI. How did you send the signal? What means? I sent the signal by inserting it in a message which I wrote under the control of the FBI. But I got away from the FBI agents for a few minutes to write that message using the washroom. And was this a hidden writing technique that you used? Yes. I had an extra sheet of a chemically treated paper which was used for secret writing, and I used that in the washroom. There was an internal struggle inside of me. I was torn apart. I was pro-Soviet. I believed in the Soviet system, and here I was working for the FBI, the enemy of my country. I just couldn't live with the idea of betraying the Soviet Union. Are you still pro-Soviet? Well, definitely not. So what changed you? I don't understand how you've changed, or why you've changed. That's a very long process, something that doesn't happen overnight. This is the KGB Blue Book where Tuomi is listed under his Soviet name. In it, he is named as an enemy of the Fatherland. But even a spy caught and turned finds it difficult to be parted from his country. Because of the family. Is there any family that you had over in the Soviet Union? Yes, I had a wife and I had three children. Otherwise, coming back to the United States, that's the greatest thing that ever happened to me. Have you ever heard from your former wife or your children? No, I haven't heard from them since 1963. Yuri Bisminov is a former KGB agent. He supposedly follows the statement of a very ancient Chinese philosopher, Sun Zhe, who was born 500 years BC, before Jesus Christ, who said something to the effect that fighting war on a battlefield is the most stupid and primitive way of fighting a war. The highest art of warfare is not to fight at all, but to subvert anything of value in your enemy's country, be it moral, traditions, religion, respect to your authority and leaders, cultural traditions, anything. Put white against black, old against young, I don't know, wealth against poor and so on. It doesn't matter. As long as it disturbs society, as long as it cuts the moral fiber of a nation, it's good. And then you just take this country. When everything is subverted, when the country is disoriented and confused, when it is demoralized and then destabilized, then the crisis will come. Within the KGB is a department that specializes in planting false stories and forged documents to distort others' perception of reality. It is the department that deals in disinformation. Department A of the KGB set up and controls the disinformation department of Czech intelligence. Ladislav Bipman was deputy director of that department when he was with Czech intelligence. Disinformation can have a variety of forms. It's basically an information deliberately misleading that is leaked through a variety of channels to the opponent to deceive him, to deceive the decision makers in the United States or Germany or Britain, or it can be disinformation to deceive the public opinion around the world or in a specific country. You got to be fairly good at this when you're with Czech intelligence, didn't you? Unfortunately, I have to admit, yes. One of Bipman's audacious schemes was to recover phony Nazi storage chests from a Czechoslovakian lake. The chests were filled with genuine Gestapo and SS documents supplied by the KGB and specifically chosen to rekindle animosity towards the Germans decades after World War II. And I was a member of the diving team and when I talked with few people in the service about this, we came to the conclusion that this is a very good opportunity to play a dirty game against West Germany that we would actually put something on the bottom of the lakes and make it a big discovery. So we prepared several German chests. Supposedly, they were thrown into the lakes by Germans who were just fleeing Czechoslovak territory. The cases were brought from the bottom in front of television cameras. The documents were then displayed in an elaborate press conference aimed at weakening the solidarity of the NATO Allies. It was quite successful in Italy, in France, in Austria. The press of these countries published them and basically the tone was anti-German. Look what these German bastards did to us during the war and there are so many who are still living in Germany. Who are the major targets of the disinformation campaign that you were waging? I understand there are two or three major targets. Well, the target number one is of course the United States. It is called the enemy number one or the main enemy. It's always used in that war. That is the official term for the United States. Then the second major target was the NATO Alliance and the goal was, the objective was to work toward the dissolution of NATO with the hope that after some few years the tension within the organization would reach such a stage, such a level that NATO would stop existing. NATO was formed in post-war Europe as a political and military alliance against the Soviets. But its most effective opposition now comes not from Soviet armies but from Soviet disinformation, which continually attempts to turn one NATO ally against another. Each one of these papers appears to be a leaked U.S. government document, but they're all forgeries designed to sow dissension within NATO. This document made damaging remarks supposedly from former President Carter about both Greece and Turkey. This is a phony intelligence report on European left-wingers. This is a forged NATO document claiming to devise ways of getting support for the neutron bomb. A forged confidential State Department memo advocating economic espionage by America on her own allies. Many forgeries have been directed against Anwar Sadat, a confidential U.S. memo claiming his time is up. Or false reports on former Vice President Mondale's remarks that neither Sadat nor Begin are viable leaders. There have been forgeries released to show American suppression of Islam, the religion of its oil suppliers. Yet perhaps the most successful Soviet disinformation attack was on the KGB's main competition, the CIA. It began with an agreement in the mid-60s between the East German and Czech intelligence services. The two disinformation departments again under the supervision of the Soviets decided to start a long-term operation against the CIA, making life as hard as possible for the CIA. That is, to label many American diplomats, politicians, cultural representatives abroad as CIA agents and paralyze their positions specifically in 1966 that the first major operation was to prepare a book which is called Who Is Who in CIA? The book Who's Who in CIA was the beginning of the exposés that seriously undermined American intelligence capabilities for almost a decade. So powerful was the impact of this book that its imitators like Philip A. G.'s Covert Action Information Bulletin frequently refer to it as source material, as do other major news sources. It was used as a source in this ABC Nightly News television broadcast in November 1980, claiming that the Reverend Jim Jones had a secret CIA associate before the Guyana Massacre. This man, Richard Dwyer, is the focal point of many of the questions surrounding the possible CIA involvement at Jonestown. He's a career diplomat who served in sensitive posts throughout the Middle East. Two years ago, he was the deputy mission chief in Guyana. He is listed as a CIA agent in a publication that for years has specialized in such allegations. The CIA denies the accusation. But it was Ladislav Bitman, who was one of the real authors of Who's Who in CIA. And although it was not published under his name, the book received exactly the attention he hoped it would. Shortly after coming to the United States, I found this book in many bookstores. I have it at home. For example, it was quoted by the Covert Action Bulletin. Is this A.G.'s group? Yes, that's right. There's one of the major sources of information about CIA man. Of course, that's ironic that is communist disinformation. Konstantin Hanff is a New York-based journalist for Polish-language newspapers in North America. When he decided to expose communist agents in the U.S., the long reach of the KGB influenced his life. In 1976, we started a wave of exposure of Soviet and Polish-communist intelligence network, especially here in New York. We exposed agents mostly working around the United Nations. What agents were these? Who were they working for? For the KGB. Any other? Polish-communist intelligence, which is actually nothing but an arm of KGB too. Shortly after his exposés of the KGB in New York, Hanff's stories were published in a heavily ethnic area in Winnipeg several thousand miles to the west by the weekly newspaper Chass, the Polish Times. In July 1978, on a day the paper had not planned to publish, a bizarre edition of the weekly was put into circulation with articles and semi-nude photos designed to offend its conservative and older readership. It was done in a very clever way, you know, because the look of it was exactly the same as we would have printed, you know. But some things struck us right away, for example, right on the front pages that beautifully breasted women, you know, which we would have never put into a paper simply for the same, for different reasons, you know. But our readers are mostly middle-aged people. We would never dream of doing kind of thing like that, you know. Inside the paper we have a picture of one of our correspondence in the uniform of a German Wehrmacht, you know, and the letter supposedly written by a Jewish writer referring to our journalist, contributed to the paper Mr. Hunt, as a war criminal, not a war criminal. The funny part of it is that when the war ended, he was about 18 years old, you know, and yet they said that he was high-ranking officer, you know, that he has killed so many Jews and those and that, you know, and there was another article portraying Mr. Hunt as an agent of, you take it, KGB, CIA, FBI, everything under the sun. It has become a classic case of Soviet bloc disinformation on a very personal level. The charges against Hunt were also made in a letter supposedly written by the Jewish Defense League of New York, and the letter was sent out to advertisers of the newspaper, informing them that Choss was harboring a Nazi war criminal. I am Polish from my belief and from my birth and from my persuasion, I would say, but my father was a German. So my engagement in the German Army was not incidental, actually, because... How long were you in the German Army, and just what did you do? I was a regular soldier. I was drafted in March of 1944. March 1944? Yes, when I was 17 and a half of age. And in February of 1945, I was captured by the Soviets. The accusing letter was revealed to be a forgery when the Real Jewish Defense League examined this and declared it had not been written on their stationery and also that they had never accused Mr. Hunt of any war crimes. What effect would this have had on your readership? What effect did this have on your advertisers? Obviously, I think the main aim was to stop Choss being published and have the same editorial policy as it was, you know, since Mr. Barockowski took over. And they weren't, as I'm sure, to create panic on the board of directors so that you would fire him and get some holy-headed fellow, you know, which would be a little bit softer on communism. Yeah, there is a long-term plan and strategy how to frighten prominent exiles who are politically active or organizations that are very anti-Soviet or anti-communist. So, and I have to admit that this is a relatively and easy thing to do, why? Because most exiles, most refugees or immigrants have some kind of relations with the mother country, with the people, with the relatives there, and they can be even blackmailed because imagine that you have a mother there and somebody comes and says, so if you don't cooperate or if you continue speaking against us, your mother will have a very tough life, my dear friend.