 What do you think? Would this man make a good doctor? What about him? Would you trust him with your surgery? Most people would probably want to get treated by one rather than the other and most people are likely to be wrong about that. When you look at the Sun you sometimes see it clearly, but sometimes you'll see it shining way bigger than its actual shape. That circle of light that makes it look bigger is called a halo. The halo effect also happens when a person, product, or company shines like the Sun. Then we don't see them clearly and associate all sorts of unrelated qualities to them. The halo effect was first identified in 1907 by the American psychologist Frederick Wells and was then studied by the psychologist Edward Thorndike who asked flight commanders to evaluate their officers in various distinct aspects such as physical appearance, intelligence, and leadership. Examining the results, Thorndike found that the officers that got high scores for their physical qualities also got rated high on intelligence and leadership skills, a correlation that seemed wrong. It appears that the commanders were unable to evaluate specific traits independently of others. They thought of their officers in broad terms, either good or bad, and allowed this general feeling to influence the specific qualities they attributed to them. Some officers profited from their halo, others were put at a disadvantage by what is called the horn effect. The halo effect also explains why some teachers give better-looking students higher grades. One study looked at the grades of 4,500 pupils who were sorted by volunteers into three groups, below average, average, and above average looking. Did the better-looking people get better grades? The researchers then compared students' grades between classes taken in traditional classrooms with those taken online where there was little to no face-to-face interaction. The researchers later found evidence that students who were rated as good-looking earned significantly lower grades in online courses compared to traditional classrooms where they got help from their halo. Since the physical attributes of good-looking people seem to naturally make them also appear intelligent, strong, and trustworthy, here is one good rule of thumb. If you have an accident and you have to choose between two equally qualified doctors, ignore their halo and choose the less handsome one. He might have worked twice as hard to gain the same reputation and is likely better at his job. What do you think? Do you think it is possible to avoid the halo effect at work, in school, or in public life? And what about other credentials that may signal success? Please share your thoughts and ideas in the comments below. This and all other Sprouts videos are licensed under Creative Commons. That means teachers from all around the world can use them in classrooms, online courses, or to start projects. And today, thousands already do. To learn how it works and download this video without ads or background music, check out our website or read the description below. If you want to support our mission and help change education, visit our Patreon. That's Patreon.com slash Sprouts.