 Good evening aspirants, this is an important announcement. Shankarai's academy is connecting free all India level prelims mock test on 28th September and also on 27th September 2020. These mock tests will be connected through online mode and the pre-registration is mandatory to participate in these mock tests. Kindly notice that the registration link is given in the description box and also in the comment section and it is open for all the aspirants. We request all the viewers to utilize this opportunity and test your preparedness for the upcoming prelims exam. With this announcement, let's begin today's analysis for the date 17th September 2020. These are the list of the topics chosen from different editions of the Hindu displayed for your reference. The PDF link of the handwritten notes and timestamping of news articles is given in the description box and also in the comment section. Let's begin the analysis of first news article. Now let's take up the analysis of this oped article written by the director of UNESCO New Delhi. In this article, the author brings attention to various problems of the people with disabilities especially during COVID-19 pandemic. The syllabus relevant to the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. Now, we all know that people with disabilities are one of the marginalized communities in the society and their problems are further aggravated by the stigma attached to them by the society. So the people with disabilities are not considered equal and are always called using some of the derogatory nicknames. So because of these reasons, the people with disabilities rarely enjoy a regular human life. Based on recent estimates, it is found that over a billion people worldwide are impacted by various disabilities and the stigma associated with it. So according to the World Health Organization, nearly 15% of the global population has some or other form of disability and making disabled people the largest global minority. So the continuous discrimination denies them equal access to education, equal access to employment, equal access to healthcare and so forth and so on. So you can notice that the stigma attached to them and lack of understanding of their rights makes it difficult for them to attain their valued functionings. So what do functionings mean? They are capabilities deemed essential for human development. The concept is developed by Professor Amartya Sain in his capability approach. So he has mentioned that functionings can be being healthy, having a good job, being happy and also having self-respect of the people with various disabilities. So having said before, because of the stigma attached to the disabilities, the disabled people find it very difficult to attain the essential capabilities required to have a proper life. In addition to this, women and girls with disabilities are at a higher risk of experiencing sexual and other forms of gender-based violence. Here there is one important fact that about 80% of persons with disabilities live in developing countries. Furthermore, in India around 73% of persons living with disabilities are outside the labour force as they are jobless and they are dependent on other people making them the most vulnerable sections of the society. Moreover people with mental disabilities, women with disabilities and those in rural areas are the most neglected communities in our society. So this was further aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, students with disabilities have found it extremely difficult to access remote learning through digital tools. So in this regard, we need to mention an important report that is the State of the Education report of India, released by Inisco acknowledges that inclusive education is complex to implement because the inclusive education requires a clear understanding of the diverse needs of children and their families across different contexts. So when we say inclusive education, it means including all sections of society into the mainstream education without leaving anyone. Here we need to ask one important question that is did India make any progress in bringing inclusive education? Here the answer is yes because India has made some considerable progress in terms of putting in place a robust legal framework like Article 21A and Right to Education Act and India is also implementing important programs like Amagra Siksha Abhyan which improved enrollment rates of children with disabilities and government has also brought in Sugamya Bharat Abhyan which aims public infrastructure accessible to all the people, mainly to disabled people. However, further measures are needed to ensure quality education for every child to achieve the targets of Ascendant 2030 and more specifically, the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goal number four, which deals with quality education. So coming to global level, Inisco and the Global Action on Disability Network that is a GLAAD network are working to raise awareness about the need of important strategies to mitigate the impact of school closures on disabled people. So in this context, we should know about a global action on disability network which is working to enhance the inclusion of persons with disabilities in international development and humanitarian action. Note that it is a coordination body of bilateral and multilateral donors and agencies and also the private sector and the foundations who are working to improve the development of people with disabilities. With this information, we can understand that the people with disabilities are one of the most affected people during COVID-19 pandemic, especially school going children. So the author is of opinion that the implementation of the new education policy provides an important opportunity to utilize the immense potential of disabled people. As said before, the disabled community provides us an enormous reservoir of unused workforce. So instead of seeing them as a liability, they can be transformed as potential assets by including them in the mainstream workforce by imbibing their skills and upgrading the required skills. So bringing the right investments youth with disabilities in India can also be the country's largest asset. Here lessons must be learned from India's parathlet Deepa Malik, international orator Nick Ujisik and they have already shown us that the disabled are not under-abled. So we should move in the direction said by these people. And should make the inclusion as a necessary noun. With this information, let's move on to the analysis of next news article. Now let's take up this editorial which is about different manifestations of nationalism and how they treat linguistic federalism. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this editorial is highlighted here for your reference. In this editorial, the author talks about three important manifestations of nationalism that is about ethno-religious, then about civic nationalism and then about democratic nationalism. And we know that in the 1930s, all these three conceptions circulated among political allies in India. So in this context, we're going to understand different manifestations of nationalism in the present context. We'll start with ethno-religious nationalism that is a religion-based nationalism. Here the proponents of this nationalism say that Hindus and Muslims need separate states for their own. And they give primacy to religious identity over other identities. And it had adverse consequences not only for religious minorities but also among linguistic minorities who even shared the majority religious identity. And we know that it had a strong hold in the 1940s and led to partition of undivided British India into India and Pakistan where Pakistan became an Islamic nation. And our Indian freedom fighters and leaders rejected ethno-religious nationalism after the partition. And the support for this nationalism dwindled or decreased at the time after seeing the various consequences of partition. So this is all about ethno-religious nationalism. Now we'll discuss about civic nationalism. It is said that the nation is defined by a common culture in civic nationalism. But this common culture is not ethno-religious, but it was defined by shared historical experience and the struggle against British colonial rule. And it is more inclusive than any ethno-religious nationalism because its secular and composite content qualitatively differed from religion-based nationalism. But with reference to particular identity like linguistic identity, this nationalism is no different from religion-based nationalism. This is because while it conceives common culture for unity, it also marginalizes or excludes other particular identities. So after the partition, if you see from the lens of federalism, India was tilted more towards civic nationalism. Because it was thought that language identity is also like a religious identity that will cause new challenges like further division, fueling separatism and also inter-ethnic violence. And eventually will lead to India's division. That is why the author states that when the Constitution came into force on 26th January 1950, India adapted unitary civic nationalism as its official idealism. And we know that the Constitution gave federal arrangements in the initial period in terms of language. And there was a little multicultural recognition in the Federation. For example, the SK Dhar committee of 1948 recommended reorganization of states on the basis of administrative convenience rather than linguistic factor. And this is followed by a linguistic provinces committee of 1948-49, which rejected language as the basis for reorganization of states. However, the government could not resist the strong regional public sentiments in relation to reorganization of states based on the language. So with the death of Sri Pottisri Ramalu, after a 56-day hunger strike, India created a first linguistic state called as Andhra state from the Astwal Madras province. So the creation of first linguistic state in independent India led to demands from other sections of society to organize the states based on the dominant language. Therefore, the government of India has constituted Fuzzal Ali commission in the year 1953, which broadly accepted language as a basis of reorganization of states. So this is where India took the covalent democratic nationalism with more vigor. So as a result, on 1st November 1956, India created about 14 states and 6 union territories. So with this information, now we will try to understand what do we mean by covalent democratic nationalism. Now that it accepts distinct regional cultures based communities which have the capacity to design states of their own and also various educational, legal, economic and other institutions. It also recognizes that they possess self-governing rights. In this democratic nationalism, the proponents abstain from independent national aspirations and they see themselves as constraints of a larger common culture with a central state that belongs to everyone which is based on the element of shared culture and they come together to consolidate the nation. So we call it as a covalent because they came together to consolidate the central state known as the nation. Know that in this type of nationalism also there can be occasional conflicts between the common culture of the central state and the distinct cultures of constrained states but mechanisms to prevent them are also created. So this covalent democratic nationalism is consistent with a fairly strong linguistic federalism therefore the author advocates this democratic federalism and the threat to this nationalism should be curbed. So with this information if you ask one important question that where does India stand? We can say that it is a composite of both civic nationalism and democratic nationalism and on the linguistic front it is tilted towards democratic nationalism as today we have 28 states and 8 union territories and we have increased the total number of constitutional languages about 22 in the schedule 8 of Indian constitution. However there are still proponents of religion based nationalism as we have Hindu nationalism supporters in India and this may work to diminish importance to reasons and their languages and may lead to resistive and reactionary politics against the central state. The author is of the opinion that such a situation actually weakens the nation because the center will have to deal with various separatist tendencies in many more reasons in addition to northeast and Jammu and Kashmir. So in the context of this editorial we have discussed three important manifestations of nationalism in the present context. Let's move on to the analysis of next news article. Now let's take up this discussion with reference to this news article which talks about the banking regulation amendment bill 2020. The bill was passed in Lok Sabha yesterday which aims to replace an ordinance which was promulgated by the central government on 26th June 2020. So in this context let us see few important provisions proposed in the amendment bill which aims to bring certain cooperatives under the supervision of Reserve Bank of India. We know that at present the Reserve Bank of India's role in supervision of cooperatives is very limited and after the Punjab and Maharashtra cooperative bank crisis there are widespread concerns about financial health of other cooperatives in the country. So this bill seeks to amend the banking regulation act of 1949 and bringing the cooperatives under the ambit of Reserve Bank of India. In this context know that certain cooperatives like primary agriculture credit societies and cooperative societies whose primary object and principal business is long-term finance for agricultural development are excluded from the proposed bill. So for these cooperatives Reserve Bank of India will have limited powers. Then the next aspect is that the bill makes a very important amendment with respect to control of banks and we know that under the existing framework Reserve Bank of India can ask the central government to place a banking company under moratorium. Know that the moratorium period should not exceed six months and during this moratorium period the bank cannot make any payments or discharge its liabilities. So in this regard the amendment bill adds that during the moratorium period the bank cannot grant any loans or make investments in any credit instruments. And we know that according to the existing act during moratorium period RBA can prepare a scheme for reconstruction or amalgamation of the bank. So it means that such extreme measures can be taken only after keeping a bank under moratorium. But now with the amendment bill this mandatory moratorium was withdrawn which means that Reserve Bank of India can now proceed for reconstruction or amalgamation of the bank even without invoking moratorium period. Also notice that the bill seeks to protect the interest of depositors and to strengthen cooperative banks by improving governance and oversight of Reserve Bank of India. Also notice that the amendments do not affect existing powers of the state registers of cooperative societies and as state cooperative laws. So in the context of this news article these are the few important amendments proposed in the Banking Regulation Amendment Bill of 2020. Know that these amendments are already in force in the form of ordinance promulgated in the month of June 2020. With this information let's move on to the analysis of next news article. Now let's take up this news article which mentions former's fear end of MSP regime. Know that a few months back the union cabinet had introduced major reforms in the agriculture sector by introducing three important agree related ordinances. Now the government is planning to replace these ordinances by introducing fresh bills in the parliament. And the newspaper is reporting that many former groups have been opposing these bills mainly because they fear loss of minimum support price regime. So in this regard let us discuss the concept of MSP and also important concerns raised by the former's groups and also utility of the proposed bills. The syllabus relevant to the analysis of this news article is related here for your reference. Now let us try to understand the important objective of the three important bills under consideration such as Essential Commodities Amendment Bill 2020 which was already cleared by the Lok Sabha. This bill would remove commodities like cereals, pulses, oil seeds and then edible oils, onion and potatoes from the list of essential commodities. Then the other bill that is the former's produced trade and commerce promotion and facilitation bill 2020 is expected to create one India one agriculture market by promoting barrier free intra-state and interstate trade and commerce outside the state APMCs. Then the third important bill is the former's empowerment and protection agreement on price assurance and farm services bill 2020. Know that this bill aimed at facilitating contact forming in order to attract private sector investment in the agriculture sector. Remember that we have discussed in detail about the objectives of these bills in our 4th June 2020 analysis and you can refer this video for your revision. So with this information let us see the important concerns raised by former groups. They argue that the proposed changes to Essential Commodities Act would ultimately benefit only the middle man and traders because the private players will buy the produce in harvest season when prices are generally low and they release it later when prices are high. Therefore the small and the marginal farmers will not get the proposed benefits. Then the another important concern is regarding opening up of agricultural marketing outside notified Mondays. Either former's are fearing that now private companies will establish their own private Mondays which will have no government regulation and they also allege that the bill which aims to create a framework for contact forming would result in exploitation of farmers. This is because corporates will buy from farmers at cheap rates and sell it at higher prices to the consumers. Then the farmers also believe that these bills are the first step towards the elimination of minimum support price regime because farmers also cite the Shanta Kumar committee recommendations and we know that this committee was formed in the year 2015 to reorient the role and restructuring of the food corporation of India. And one of the important recommendations was to stop bonuses on minimum support price paid by state governments to the farmers and adapting cash transfer system. So as per the committee recommendations this recommendation will help to directly transfer MSP and food subsidy amounts to the accounts of farmers and also to the food security beneficiaries. So the farmers are fearing that all this would result in the elimination of MSP system altogether. So these are certain important concerns raised by farmer's groups. Now we will try to understand and revise the concept of minimum support price. Know that minimum support price is the price at which government purchases crops from the farmers and it guarantees a minimum and fair amount for the farmers produced prior to the sowing season. And we know that as per budget 2018-19 announcement MSP will be fixed at a level of at least 1.5 times the all-india weighted average cost of production. Now when it comes to the role of a cabinet committee on economic affairs which is headed by the Prime Minister of India and this committee approves MSP for Karif and Rabi seasons. Know that this committee fixes MSP based on the recommendations of commission for agriculture costs and prices and this commission that is a CACP is a statutory body which submits separate reports recommending prices for Karif and Rabi seasons. So the central government in the form of cabinet committee on economic affairs takes final decision after considering this report also based on views of the state governments and the overall demand and supply situation in the country. Also remember that CACP recommends MSPs of 23 commodities. This includes 7 cereals, 5 pulses, 7 oil seeds and then 4 commercial crops. Know that these details regarding cabinet committee on economic affairs and the CACP are important for your plumes exam. With this information let us move on to the analysis of next news article. Now let us take up this news article which reports that the Environment Minister offers solution to stubble burning. Furthermore the news article says that the Pusa Agriculture Institute in the state of Bihar had developed a capsule product which can turn stubble into manure. So in this regard let us see about stubble burning and also its various consequences. Now stubble burning is nothing but the burning of the agriculture crop residues like straw and stock and mainly in the states like Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and also in the state of Rajasthan, farmers practice stubble burning. And in these states there are two main growing seasons one from May to September and another one is from November to April month. So in the month of November farmers typically harvest rice crop and then wheat crop. So after the harvest is over they often set fire to the leftover plant debris in order to clear fields for the next plantings. And we know that historically farmers harvested and ploughed fields manually and also tilling the plant debris back into the soil. So when mechanized harvesting became popular in the 1980s burning became common phenomena because the mission sleeve stocks that are about one foot tall and burning is the quickest and cheapest way to clear the fields. So in order to save time money and other resources farmers often go for stubble burning. Now we'll see the important consequences or harmful consequences of stubble burning and we know that stubble burning is nothing but fights which releases several types of toxic particles and gases into the atmosphere. This includes sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of carbon and also black carbon, methane gas. Apart from that stubble burning also releases volatile organic compounds, non-methane hydrocarbons, ozone and also aerosols into the atmosphere. So during the burning season smoke often blankets or covers much of the endogangetic plane exposing millions of people to the air pollution. Apart from this it is also responsible for the haze in national capital territory and melting of Himalayan glaciers. Not just that burning paddestra elevates the soil temperatures and also damages microorganisms present in the upper layer of the soil as well as its organic quality. So due to the loss of friendly pests in the soil, the wrath of enemy pests has increased and making crops more prone to new diseases. So in order to mitigate the challenges or consequences of stubble burning, in the year 2015 the national green tribunal that is NGT had banned crop residue burning in the states like Punjab and Haryana and also in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and also there are several court orders and government regulations banning stubble burning but despite all these measures the practice is spreading more frequently in other parts of country. So the only solution to this issue is a strong implementation of government measures. Furthermore the respective state governments also incentivizing alternative use of stubble and this includes its uses in cattle feed, composting manure, roofing in rural areas, biomass energy, mushroom cultivation. It can also be used in packing materials, production of bioethanol and also industrial use. Furthermore the farmers can also use modern agriculture machines such as happy cedar and this happy cedar is used for sowing of crop in standing stubble. Rotor waiter which is used for land preparation and incorporation of crop stubble in the soil. Then the concept of zero till seed drill which is used for land preparations directly sowing of seeds in the previous crop stubble. In this table there are other important agriculture machines notified here for your reference. With this information the displayed practice question will be discussed at the end of the session. Let us start our practice question session. Consider the following statements with reference to the global action on disability network. Here two statements are given you need to choose correct statements. Statement one says it aims to enhance the inclusion of persons with disabilities in international development and humanitarian action. It is a UNESCO body set up by the UN General Assembly in the year 2018. The second statement is incorrect whereas first statement is correct because GLAAD network is working to enhance the inclusion of persons with disabilities in international development and humanitarian action. Know that it is just a coordination body but not UNESCO body set up by UN General Assembly and this coordination body that is a GLAAD network is a network of bilateral and multilateral donors and agencies and also the private sector and other foundations joined together in order to improve the development of people with disabilities. So the correct answer for this question is option A1 only. Now let us take up this question. Which are the following statements are correct with reference to the banking regulation act of 1949. The RBI can impose moratorium and banks to protect the interest of depositors. The pros and cons of the act are not applicable to primary agricultural credit societies. In the context of this question try to remember that banking regulation act 1949 aims to regulate the functions of banks and it also provides various details or provisions on various aspects such as licensing, managing and supervision of operations of banks. Try to notice that the act does not apply to certain cooperative societies such as primary agricultural credit societies and cooperative land mortgages banks. Furthermore as per the latest ordinance and also the proposed bill in the parliament to replace the ordinance it states that the bill does not apply to the primary agriculture credit societies and also to the cooperative societies whose principal business is long-term financing for agree development. Furthermore these societies must not use the words bank or banker or banking in their name or in connection with their business and they should also must not act as an entity that creates checks. So based on the existing pros and cons of banking regulation act 1949 and also based on the proposed bill to amend the banking regulation act of 1949 the pros and cons of this act are not applicable to primary agriculture credit societies. So the given second statement is correct statement. Here the first statement is incorrect based on the existing pros and cons of banking regulation act of 1949 and also based on the ordinance and then the proposed bill to replace the ordinance. It is not the RBA that has power to impose moratorium but RBA may apply to the central government and in turn the central government can impose moratorium on the respective bank. So during the moratorium no legal action can be initiated or continued against the bank for a period of up to six months. So the correct answer for this question is option B2 only. Now let's take up this question which was asked in 2019 UPSI prelims exam. Consider the following carbon monoxide, methane, ozone and sulphur dioxide which have the above given or released in the atmosphere due to the burning of crop or biomass residue. In the context of this question try to remember that burning of crop or biomass residue is also known as stubble burning and because of stubble burning or burning of biomass residue various gases are released into atmosphere and these gases include sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of carbon such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and it also releases black carbon and organic carbon, methane, volatile, organic compounds then it also releases non-methane hydrocarbons then ozone and aerosols into the atmosphere. So the correct answer for this question is option D1234. Furthermore we know that the various consequences as a result of stubble burning include problems of air pollution, formation of smog in the northern belt of India, particularly in the national capital territory of Delhi. So various precautionary measures were put in place these include banning of stubble burning in the states like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and also in the national capital territory of Delhi. So these are certain important aspects you should remember in the context of stubble burning. Now let us take up this question which are the following statements is not correct with the reference to Riyan tribes also called a brewed tribes who are recently seen in the news. We have framed this question because we have a relevant news article in today's newspaper which discusses about opposition by native brewed tribes in Tripura who are against the large-scale resettlement of brewed refuges from Mizoram in their vicinity. So in this context try to know about Riyan tribes from prelims perspective. Riyans are the second largest tribal community in the state of Tripura and they recognized as one of the 75 particularly vulnerable tribal groups that is PBTG's in our country. Know that Riyans belong to Indo-Mongloid race and they are still a nomadic tribe and a large members among them maintain the livelihood involving top hill zoom cultivation and other food gathering activities like collection of jungle fruits, jungle leaves, plants and also fishing in stagnate water in a hilly slope terrains. So with this information let us take up the given question which are the following statements is not correct with respect to Riyan tribes also known as brewed tribes. The options are they are a particularly vulnerable tribal group living in the state of Tripura they are a nomadic tribe then majority of Riyans involve in zoom cultivation and then they are the only tribes in India who are of African origin. The fourth option is incorrect or not relevant to the brewed tribes or Riyan tribes. So the correct associated tribe for the option D is Siddhi tribe majority of Siddhis in the state of Karnataka are descended from one to peoples from southeast Africa and they were brought into the Indian subcontinent as slaves by the Portuguese and subsequently they have settled along the western coast of India in the states like Karnataka, Goa, Gujarat etc. Now let us move on to the next question analysis. Now let us take up map-based practice Concert the following. Lakshadweep Maldives, Digo Garcia Mauritius arrange the above islands in the Indian Ocean from south to north. Notice that we have framed this question because we have a relevant news article in today's newspaper on Maldives which defends ties with India. The news article also mentions in last month India announced 500 million dollars package including a grant of 100 million dollars in addition to new delays early line of credit of 800 million dollars which was announced in the year 2018. So this article is written in the context of normalizing ties between India and Maldives. So to answer this question we should know the location of the given islands in the Indian Ocean, the important islands in the Indian Ocean or Sokotra Island, Kuriamuri Island, then islands of Lakshadweep, then Maldives, Seychelles, then Chagos Archipelago. In this Chagos Archipelago one of the important islands is Digo Garcia then you can also notice other important islands such as Madagascar and Mauritius. So with this information if you look at the given map you could able to easily arrange the given islands from south to north. Therefore the correct answer for this question is option C 4 3 2 1. Now let's take up one practice means question. The question is are we losing regional identity for the national identity? Discuss. This is a 10 marks question and you have to write within 150 votes. As friends are requested to post your written answers in the comment section and posted answers would be examined with suitable feedback within the reasonable time frame. With this we have come to the end of today's Indian News Analysis and if you like the video please do like, share and subscribe Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel for more updates. Thank you.