 Abstract mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs, are multi-potent stem cells that have gained significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine due to their differentiation potential and paracrine properties. The paracrine functions of MSCs are applied through secreting soluble factors and releasing extracellular vesicles like exosomes and microvesicles. Extracellular vesicles are predominantly endosomal in origin and contain a cargo of myrna, mRNA, and proteins that are transferred from their original cells to target cells. Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles alone are responsible for the therapeutic effect of MSCs in animal disease models. Therefore, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles may be used as an alternative MSC-based therapy in regenerative medicine. This review discusses the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in various diseases.