 The relapse prevention model, RPM, has been a major component of addiction treatment for the past 30 years. Recent research has focused on developing new techniques and refining existing ones to better understand and manage relapse. These efforts have included the introduction of a reformulated cognitive behavioral model of relapse, the application of advanced statistical methods to model relapse in large randomized trials, and the development of mindfulness-based relapse prevention. Additionally, genetic factors related to relapse following pharmacological and behavioral treatments have been explored. Despite these advancements, RPM continues to be integrated into most cognitive behavioral substance use interventions. This article was authored by George William H, Wikiewitz Katie, Hendershott Christian S, and others.