 Microglia are increasingly implicated in brain pathology, particularly neurodegenerative disease. Many genes implicated in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and motor neuron disease expressed in Microglia. There is, therefore, a need for authentic, efficient and backslash XA0 vitro models to study human microbial pathological mechanisms. Co-cultures retain neuronal maturity and functionality for many weeks. This article was authored by Walter Henseler, Stephen N. Sansom, Julian Buchrezer, and others.