 Abstract, recent research into hydravoltaic energy technology has focused on using 2D materials such as carbon nanoseats, lead-double hydroxide, LDH, and lead transition metal oxides and sulfides to generate electricity directly from the interaction of materials with water. This review discusses the latest developments in hydravoltaic energy technology, including strategies to increase the energy conversion efficiency and output power of hydravoltaic devices, as well as their application in self-powered electronics, sensors, and low-consumption devices. Challenges and future directions are also discussed. This article was authored by Ji Heng Liu, Zhao Liu, Zhao Qian Chen, and others.