 This is my email ID and the topic of today's discussion is Sternberg's Theory of Intelligence. For further update, kindly join my telegram group, explore education. This video will be bilingual and this video will be useful for UGC-NET, CTECH, UPTECH, KBS, NBS and other sort of teaching examinations. So before we start this topic, a quick review of what we have studied about intelligence till date. We started with the history of intelligence, then the concept of IQ, then the theory of theory. We studied that the theory of intelligence was mainly divided into two parts. There are two approaches to study theories of intelligence. The first is the psychometric approach and the second is the information processing approach. In the psychometric approach, we studied many theories and ended the topic. In the information processing approach, we also covered one theory, the theory of multiple intelligences, which has been given by the Harvard gardener. Today, we will study the second theory in the information processing, Sternberg's theory of intelligence. It is a very important theory and you can say that in the last 10-15 years, it has become more popular in the last 10 years. This question is asked and it is also a bit typical to study it. So we have to remember many things. So in the objective, if you want to work with recall, then you will be able to put a tick on the answer. And if you are going to give theoretical examinations, then you should know the good content. So, first of all, we know who Robert Sternberg is. He is an American Psychologist and Psychometrician. An American Psychologist and Psychometrician and he is Professor of Human Development at Cornell University. He is a professor of Human Development at Cornell University. His major contribution to psychology is, sorry, the triarchic theory of intelligence. So from here, we will understand that the name of this theory is triarchic theory. Apart from this, he has a lot of contributions to psychology, such as creativity, wisdom, and he also shared his viewpoint on love and hate. But we will only study triarchic theory here. And how important it is that you can understand a review of general psychology survey, which was published in 2002. He ranked Sternberg as the 60th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. That is, in the 20th century, only the 60th number of people have been cited. And this is the 60th number of people who have been cited the most. So we can understand how popular this theory is. Okay, now let's know how Robert Sternberg is defining intelligence. We will be able to take a little viewpoint on how he has seen intelligence. We have understood so much that it is under the information processing approach. This means that we will know how an intelligent person processes information. That is, we have to study processing. Okay, so according to him, intelligence as mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to selection and shaping of real world environment relevant to one's life. Means, according to him, the intellect is a mental process which is purposive adaptation. That is, they are talking about uncertainty, they are also talking about purpose. But he included the real world environment, which most of the psychologists had not included yet in his definition, in his viewpoint, in his conception. So there is selection and shaping. That is, the environment has to be made according to itself, relevant to one's life. That is, according to your life space, you have to select and shape the real world environment. Okay, then he agreed with Gardner. Since both the people come into the information processing, there is a similarity somewhere between the two. He also believes that intelligence is much broader than a single general ability, G. For example, Gardner is opposing G, that only G can not be done according to multiple intelligences. Similarly, he also says that intelligence is much broader, something is much bigger than G. But he says that Gardner suggested that some intelligences are better viewed as individual's talents. But he says that many people are telling, like what Gardner is telling, he is telling linguistically, he is telling musically, he is telling naturalistic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, kinesthetic, he is saying that as far as they are concerned, according to the standard, it is more of an individual's talent. There are less types of intelligence. So this is his viewpoint. Let's talk about Gardner. But where does he show similarity with Gardner? Where he says, yes, intelligence is much broader than G. Okay. Then, Sternberg's conceptualized intelligence is much broader. He defined it in terms of the ability to achieve success in life. Meaning, for him, for Sternberg, both intelligence and success are going in one direction. It is not that we are very intelligent and successful in life. As such, he denies that a lot of IQ tests are applied to us. Our IQ is getting very good. But we are unsuccessful in life. This means that he does not have the right understanding of intelligence, according to Sternberg. He says that intelligence should not be there so that we can be successful in our life according to our personal standard and within one's sociocultural context. And he has kept society and culture with him. If a person is successful according to his personal standard, then he is intelligent. Okay. Then, the ability to achieve success depends on the ability to? Whom will the ability depend on? To capitalize on one's strength, on one's strengths, and to correct or compensate for one's weaknesses. And we will improve our weaknesses. That is why, Sternberg's definition Sternberg's definition is called TRIA's theory. Successful intelligence is also sometimes known as successful intelligence. So, if we are asked who is talking about successful intelligence, we will put Sternberg in particular. Okay. This is the first theory. It is divided into three sub-theories. Before this, there was no sub-theory of any theory. So, what is their sub-theory? Look here. This is a componential sub-theory. It is an experiential sub-theory and contextual sub-theory. They have told the components of this theory, of this theory, of this theory, and of all their sub-components. So, let's find out which three sub-theories are confidential, experiential or contextual. This theory is comprised of three sub-theories. Componential, experiential. Sorry, these are two-componential. It should be contextual. Then, each sub-theory is their sub-theory. They have put it together with each intelligence. That is why they are talking about the theory of intelligence. So, we will go to their sub-theory later. So, let's find out whose components they have analytical or academic intelligence corresponding to them. Experiential sub-theory is their creative intelligence. Contextual sub-theory is practical intelligence. Componential sub-theory is meta-components, performance and knowledge acquisition. Experiential sub-theory is novelty or automation. Contextual sub-theory is adaptation, selection and shaping. Okay. Then, let's pick up a component. Componential sub-theory is it outlines three structures and mechanisms that underline intelligent behavior, categorized as meta-components, performance components and knowledge acquisition components. Since it is componential, let's talk about the components. What are the components? Meta, performance and knowledge acquisition. Then, what are the components? Structure means that underline intelligent behavior. If any intelligent behavior shows an individual, it needs three components. Meta, performance and knowledge acquisition. What will a person do in meta-components? He will decide. He will make a strategy. He will create a mental representation in his mind. He will allocate his mental resources and monitor them and evaluate them. After meta-components, performance components are coming. I said that it is high-rare. What will be the performance components? The components will be encoded. You will put some combinations and permutation combinations and comparison. Then, knowledge acquisition will come. We will select some and make some combinations and comparison. Then, we will act accordingly. According to Sternberg. Let's understand this. What are meta-components? Meta-components are higher-order mental processes that determine which performance and learning components will be used as well as the sequence in which they will be used. Meta-components are higher-order mental processes. It is the most important to understand which performance components will be used and why they will be used as well as the sequence. Then, what are the performance components? These are lower-order processes. What will be included in this? Encoding, Combination, Comparison and Response as shown in the picture. Then, what is the knowledge acquisition component? These are lower-order processes. What does it discover? Knowledge and information are needed to solve the problem. Which knowledge and information are needed to solve the problem? Intelligent behavior is required to solve the problem. So, Sternberg and Davidson have explained three types of selectivity. This is in the picture. Selective encoding, Combination, Comparison. Selective encoding means involving sorting relevant information. What will we do here? Selective combination means combining information. How to combine information from isolated pieces into a unified whole. That is, we will create a single component that has a meaning. What we will do in Selective Comparison? Involving comparison of relatively newly acquired information to information acquired in the past. In the past, the information used and the new information that we are using now are being compared. So many types of mental processing are going on in accordance to Sternberg when we are showing intelligent behavior. Okay. Then comes the experiential theory. So, what do we call experiential theory? The experiential theory proposes that it can be interpreted along a continuum of experience from novel to highly familiar task situation. That is, it is saying how intelligent behavior is showing the continuum of experience. That is, it is going on in continuation. There are only two poles. One pole is the novel. That is, we have to do something new. So, how do we behave now? And it is highly familiar. So, what happens in this? When a person is presented with a novel and unfamiliar problem, that is, we have a new problem in front of us, such a problem which is unfamiliar to us. We have not had that problem. So, they need to use their intelligence to find new ways of solving that problem. So, what do we do? We will use our intelligence so that we get a solution for it. Then, as an experience becomes more and more familiar. That experience has become familiar. It shifts from novelty to automation. That is, we will take out the solution in the same way. This that people have completed many times becomes automated requiring less conscious thought. That is, if we face the same situation again and again, that situation is not normal for us. Now, we can take out unconsciously its reactions, its actions. Okay, then this sub theory relates intelligence to the external world in terms of what behaviors are intelligent and where. That is, when we are outside the world, which behavior are we showing to the intelligent and where we are showing. Then, it addresses the relationship between the behavior in a given situation and the amount of experience of the individual in that task's situation. Why? Because the experience that we are taking to the other side. That is why its name is experiential sub theory. And what it says is that according to it, people are creatively intelligent to the extent that they can cope with relative novelty and automatize. Routine aspects of tasks so as to devote more resources to novel stimuli in their environment. What does it mean? That people are creatively intelligent. At that time, the world cannot cope up when they are in a relative novel situation. How to automatize them? How their resources and environment are. That is, our whole body, our whole goal is to automatize from novel. That is, new problems are familiar to us. Why? Because we are involving so much experience in it. We are putting creativity in it. Then, contextual sub theory, which is called practical intelligence. So, according to the standard, it deals with the mental activity involving attaining fit to context. That is, we have to fit according to the context. That is, adaptation means in the real world, the way the situation is, the practical person is told that the way the situation is, we will react the same way. This is practical intelligence. And according to Sturmbur, this is a very important component of being intelligent. And until now, theories or the IQ test are not asking us about practical intelligence. So, we will keep practical intelligence only then we will be successful according to Sturmbur. Whereas, the old theories were not talking about it. They were making people unintelligent. Okay? So, this is the difference. It states that a person's intelligence is heavily influenced by their day-to-day environment. When we are talking about our daily death, it will also decide how intelligent we are. We are able to deal with our daily life. So, it will be said that we are intelligent only then we can do it. And it is based on their need to adapt to their environment. So, we quickly adapt according to our needs. Adapt their environment to them. And how we adapt our environment to them. And to make the most of their surroundings. That is, the best output we can make out of our environment is, we are practically intelligent in accordance to Sturmbur. What else am I saying? It specifies that intelligent behavior is defined by the socio-cultural context. That is, they took the society and the culture along with the intelligence which the old psychologists were not doing. In which it takes place and involves adaptation to the environment. Selection of better environments and shaping of the present environment. That is, we have to select and shape the environment according to our needs. It is the ability to adapt to everyday life by drawing on existing knowledge and skills. As much as we have existing knowledge, as much as we have knowledge, as much as we have caution, what do we have to do with that? We have to make our daily life unique according to our needs. Then, through the three processes of adaptation. What are the three steps in adaptation? Shaping, Selection and Fitting. We have to adapt, shape and select. What will happen? We will be the best fit-in according to the environment. Then, we come to the types of intelligence. If we understand everything, then we will understand the intelligence because it has an according. For example, the component is called analytical or academic and experiential is called creative and contextual is called academic or academic or academic intelligence. Then, we will understand that it is book smart. You can say that the test of intelligence was measuring only analytical intelligence. People having this type of intelligence are often called as book smarts. It is the ability to break down problems into component parts for problem solving and analytical thinking is required to solve problems and to judge the quality of ideas. What is creative intelligence? It is the ability to deal with new problems and generate innovative ideas and solutions. It is needed to use the ideas and their analysis in an effective way once every day life. What is the benefit that we are very educated but we are dying every day that we are not able to solve problems. So, practical intelligence is equally important. What is it called? Off and known as street smarts. It means that if we go anywhere in the street then we will not have any problem. Last but not least, successful intelligence. He wrote a book Successful Intelligence How Practical and Creative Intelligence Determine Success. I think it is the book of 95-97. I did not mention it in this book. Then, what did he write in this book? According to him, Successful Intelligence is more multi-faceted. It is multi-dimensional. We have a general intelligence and we will be successful. What is it called? Creativity, Adaptability, Practicality, Intellectual Risk Taking. We do not have to take risks. We have to take risks after thinking, thinking and calculation. Interpersonal Skills and Perseverance will be called Successful Intelligence. He had said that to be successful intelligence is to think well in three different ways. If we are able to think well analytically, creatively and practically, then we are successfully intelligent. Otherwise, only analytical intelligence is valued on tests and in the classroom. He also notes that intelligence is incremental. Our ability to learn grows with learning itself. What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean? Incremental. As much as we learn, our ability to learn increases. We can summarize that human intelligence is the cognitive ability to learn from experience to reason well correctly to remember important information that we can remember and to cope with the demands of daily living and if we are able to cope with the demands of daily living then we are intelligent. Mr. Sternberg is saying this. So I have completed a very important topic of Robert Sternberg's intelligence and I have tried that this topic will be understandable to you all. So thank you all and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel if you like this content and the way of understanding and to find this channel in telegram scan to join this type explore education and join my telegram group to get learning materials if you want ask your query there and you can provide feedback to me too there. Okay? Then compromise it.