 Animal hierarchy, first the contents, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain, then the taxon and the examples of the hierarchy. So students, just like we have different classification units, if we talk about species first, then the species, then the word genus, after genus there is the family. So different genus, which are genera, which are having related characteristics, they are grouped together to form a family. So the different genera, their classes, their different characters, they meet each other and we organize them in a big group, that is the family. It means that the smallest group of species, then genera and after genera, the taxon above the genera, which is the level, that is actually the family. Then, for example, if we talk about the genus, then the homo sapiens are like our scientific name, homo is the genus name, whereas our family is the hominid, hominid is the family of human. Similarly, panthera, in which we have talked about different genus, different species are of lions and tigers, so the further we look at them, they are fallidae, fallidae is the family of the tigers. So this is how a big group will be formed, when we have the families. After the family, the next step is the order, so different related families, the families which are having some characters, related characters, they are grouped together to form an order. Like in this, the different carnivores, the carnivores in which the lions come, the hyenas or the other flesh-eating animals, they are all grouped together in one order, that is the carnivora. For example, carnivora, all the carnivores come, which are belonging to different genera and different families, because families are different, but they are all kept in a big group. Similarly, human, it is placed in order of primate. Now, primate's order is not just human, but other than that, there are chimpanzees, monkeys, so the other primates in which the different animals are, the related families, they are grouped together into an order. The higher level of hierarchy from the order, that is the class. It means different orders, they are grouped together to form a class. There are some related characters in such orders, what do we do? We put them in a class. Similarly, if we look at humans and the rest of the mammals, we put all the mammals in the same class, that is the class mammalia. Similarly, all the amphibians in which we have frogs, toads, salamanders, different types of animals, they are having one class, that is the class amphibia. These are snakes, lizards, all of these are kept in the same class, that is the class reptilia. Similarly, all the birds, all the birds are kept in the same class, that is the eaves. And the mammals, all the animals that feed their young ones, that is, the ones that bear the young ones, or the ones that nourish their milk they are grouped together into one class, class mammalia. Here we have to remember one thing, as we are going towards bigger groups, the common features are decreasing. That is, there is a lot of similarity between the species and the animals. In the genus, there is a little less similarity. There is a lot of similarity, but not as much as on the species level. So, as we are coming to the upper groups, the similarities are decreasing. Some features are decreasing, but the other features are different. After the class, we have the next, its taxonomical or hierarchical level, that is the phylum. Phylum is considered to be a principal category in classification, in which all the different related classes, classes that have some common features, all of them are kept in a phylum. So, phylum is above the class, and after that we have kingdom. For example, we have phylum cardata. We have all the cardata in which reptiles, amphibians, birds, mammals, all of them come. Similarly, our phylum is Arthropoda. Arthropoda has all the insects, joint legs, all of them come. Akainodermita. In Akainodermita, there are starfish, sea star, brittle stars, marine animals and on the skin, there are spiny appearance. Akainodermita will accommodate them. There are different phyla for different groups of animals. The top hierarchical level of the classification is the kingdom. Kingdom is considered to be the highest rank in classification. There are five kingdoms of all organisms. All the living organisms on the earth are kept in five major kingdoms. First one is the kingdom Monorah. In the kingdom Monorah, we have all the prokaryotes. Bacteria, blue-green algae, Archaea, all of them come in the kingdom Monorah. Then the second kingdom is the kingdom Protista. Protista is also called Protoctista. In the kingdom Protista, there are all unicellular organisms with no tissue formation. In the kingdom Monorah, we have all the unicellular organisms with no tissue formation. In Monorah, we have all the prokaryotes. The unicellular organisms are not in the Kaludni Ulfa. They are not having the tissues. In the kingdom Protista, there are the protozoans. Different types of ciliates, amoebas, algae, or some simple type of yeast. Third kingdom is the kingdom Fungi. In the kingdom Fungi, there are all the different types of fungus. In the kingdom Fungi, we have a titan cell wall. That cell wall is made of titan. Next, there is the kingdom fourth one that is the kingdom plant. In the kingdom plant, there are all the plants. Any kinds of plants are available. In the kingdom animal, there are all types of animals. We have all the animals in the kingdom, from poriphera to centipedes, All these are grouped together in the kingdom animalia. So this is the five kingdom system. We had to do rabbit-whiter cut in the FSC. The five kingdom system is basically representing the five kingdom. In the normal classification level, we go to the kingdom. There is another classification pattern which we call domain-based. The life in the domain is divided into three major domains. Domains are separated from the kingdom classification. In the domains, life is divided into three major groups. The first domain is Archaea. Archaea is an ancient group of bacteria which is still surviving. It is still alive but still survives under extreme conditions. The second group is the U-bacteria. U-bacteria is basically a true bacteria. We have bacteria on it. The third domain we have is Eukarya. All the Eukaryotes come from Eukarya. Whether they are plants, fungi or animals are all placed in one domain. The life in the kingdom-based classification system is divided into three domains. Archaea, Eukarya and Eukarya. There are other term used in the classification system. The classification system is called taxon. Taxon is the level of different hierarchy in the classification. There are species, genus, family, class, order, phylum and kingdom. All the different levels of hierarchy are called taxon. Different levels of hierarchy are called taxon. If we are talking about family or family level, we will say which taxon you are talking about. If we are talking about species level, we will say which taxon is the level of species. If we are talking about genus level, we will say which taxon is the genus level. All the hierarchical levels are aligned in a specific way. They are aligned in a specific way. If we look at this, we will start from the level of the hierarchical species. When species is started, it goes from the smallest group to the largest group. It never goes from the largest group to the smallest group. When we study animals, we start from the smallest group. Here we will look at two animals. There are four animals. In the case of two animals, we will look at the house fly. This species name is the house fly. The genus name is the house fly. The family is the house fly. Then the order is the diaptera. The class is the hexapoda. The phylum is the orthropoda. The kingdom is the animal. If we are talking about the domain, we will say you carry on. Same is the case with humans. In humans, our species name is the homo sapiens. Then the homo. The genus is homo. The family is hominid. The order is primates. The class is mammalia. The phylum is the caudata. The kingdom is the animalia. The house fly is also belonging to the same kingdom. The human is also belonging to the same kingdom. The large groups have a relatively dissimilar organism. There are some similarities. There is another thing. If the size of a taxon increases, then it is divided further. For example, if an order has increased a lot, then in front of that order, all orders are made. In this way, all orders can be made. For example, if a class is large, like a class is a mammal or a large class of mammals, then there are three subclasses. In this case, there are proto-theria, metr-theria, euth-theria. These are the three classes of mammals. In this way, all classes of the class are made. If the phylum is very large, then all the phylum is made. This means that the different taxons, further subtaxons can also be made.