Rendering Volumetric Haptic Shapes in Mid-Air using Ultrasound

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B. Long, S. A. Seah, T. Carter and S. Subramanian, Rendering Volumetric Haptic Shapes in Mid-Air Using Ultrasound, Volume 33, Issue #7 of ACM Transactions on Graphics (Siggraph Asia) 2014.

We present a method for creating three-dimensional haptic shapes in mid-air using focused ultrasound. This approach applies the principles of acoustic radiation force, whereby the non-linear effects of sound produce forces on the skin which are strong enough to generate tactile sensations. This mid-air haptic feedback eliminates the need for any attachment of actuators or contact with physical devices. The user perceives a discernible haptic shape when the corresponding acoustic interference pattern is generated above a precisely controlled two-dimensional phased array of ultrasound transducers.

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