 Okay, earlier I asked you whether Descartes standard of knowledge is a good standard if you think his standard of knowledge is a good standard I've also asked you What reason you have to believe? That you're not in the matrix or one of these other skeptical hypotheses Well, I Asked if that reason can stand up to certainty Doesn't look like it. I mean let's run through the list, right? We've already talked about how Your sensory information has led you to false beliefs, right that there has been some time where you used your center information and You know you believe falsely you have not been infallible in your beliefs using Sensory information you mistook somebody's voice somebody's face. You've Misheard what somebody has said you have misread something. We've seen it on the page. You've misread something. You've been fooled by optical illusions you've been You know misled about how far something how far away something is right? You've misjudged the distance of velocity of your car and hit the car in front of you There's all kinds of ways that your sensory information has led you wrong, right? You might think it's really hot outside, but you just have a fever or maybe you think it's really cold But you just have a fever you Might think that some material is silk, but it turns out to be rayon, right? There's numerous numerous ways you have made I mean you've made at least one mistake and I you've made lots of mistakes Are I giving your sensory information? Well, if so then any belief that you have from sensory input is fallible Doesn't meet Descartes standard Right so saying I see the world around me doesn't do it doesn't meet Descartes standard I know what you what about your capacity is to calculate to use inference and reason You've made mistakes You've miscalculated Some formula mathematics and it actually won't take long right your exposure to mathematics is rather minimal Compared to somebody say with a bachelor's degree in mathematics, you know give you a formula in mathematics You know how to do what this right and only in fact not only a fallible but incapable of Calculating in terms of reason and inference right you are not Competent in the rules the basic rules of logic either deductive or inductive nobody watching this video But probably very rare exception. Maybe there's a couple of people with very rare exception know what it takes to have a good Survey right pretty much everybody watching this has been fooled by some survey at some time Either because the people were trying to intentionally fully or just they just didn't know what they're doing right you put some Numbers statistic on there. Aha. That's good. Does it know it's not right? So read my professor calm I shuddered to think of how many people either did or did not sign up for this course because of read my professor calm Their standards are not good standards of statistical inference, but you don't know that you don't know the basics of that Everybody watching this has been fooled by some commercial or another although if you go back and watch these commercials You realize that they're primarily for entertainment purposes They're not there to inform you about the product yet. You've gone out and bought something because of those commercials You've made some value judgments that are mistaken, right? You've you said that's just gonna solve all my problems He trying to go for it. Boom doesn't solve your problems I imagine even some of you are regretting signing up for this course at this point like wow that I make a really bad mistake You know you've made deep mistakes in terms of logical inference and value judgments, right in short And I'm not trying to you know, I'm not trying to Pick on you guys here, but I think everybody watching this video has Been willing has been willing to admit that you've made mistakes. Nobody watching this video is infallible You've made mistakes and sensory input and judgment calls and reasoning Yeah, you've made mistakes You know, we just went through Thales and X-men and X-men is all the way through the civets the Democrat is Nobody watching this video has given a non-controversial intro to the question. What's the unity of me through all this diversity? There's always a deep problem. It's such a deep problem that it gives you pause. You think wow, maybe I don't know this after all right So now you've made deep mistakes every every human being does Every human being does Well, if you make these deep mistakes, you are not infallible and If you're not infallible, there's room for doubt no matter what you believe You know Descartes tries to dig himself out of this hole too and his account is full of errors Yeah, he doesn't want to admit it, but they're there I mean he flat-out contradicts himself was called a Cartesian circle and this is a bit kind of a big thing You Have made mistakes, you know, and if you have made mistakes, you are not infallible And if you're not infallible you can't hold your own beliefs with certainty So even if you think That you know your reason before you're like you've been deeply confident in reasons before and you've made mistakes You like oh wow, I did not see that coming. Well, you could be deeply confident in these beliefs, too But you still make mistakes So no, whatever reason you come up with doesn't meet Descartes standard because you and me and everyone else