 Welcome to nursing school explain and this video on the tidbits of CPR guidelines for infants and children Now when I taught pediatrics I always went over this with my students before the first pediatric rotation because I think it's very important to know this and Some of you although all of you Have taken or it is a requirement to take the CPR course Before you start nursing school But some of you it might have been a while and you get so busy so you forget So this video is targeted to kind of review the most important details about CPR So that you can be confident when caring for infants and children in the clinical setting And who knows if you're ever going to need to use it in your personal life Or just out on the street as a bystander. Let's hope not but it's always better to be prepared So these tidbits are based on the 2020 American Heart Association guidelines And so when we first encounter a patient who is unresponsive Well, who we suspect is Doesn't have a pulse we need to perform a pulse check and that pulse check Should be taken us about five seconds But no more than ten seconds and for infants and children the pulse locations are a little bit different So for infants because their necks are a little bit thicker and their thighs can be thick So it's not really advantageous to check the carotids or the femurals many times We check the brachial pulse for a pulse check and the important thing is that for infants and children We do not wait until their heart rate is zero or we do not detect the pulse at all For infants and children and this is very very important when the heart rate is less than 60 or There are signs and symptoms of poor perfusion such as skin color changes, pallor altered mental status Lethargy any of those or if you are unsure that you can feel a pulse or that is less than 60 Start CPR and the reason for the 60 beats per minute is because an infant's normal heart rate Normal resting heart rate might be anywhere from 120 to 160 So now they have less than half of that heart rate and they are not going to be Perfusing well so getting on that chest is very very important to be able to keep that child or that infant alive And the 60 beats per minute apply to both infants and children Now when it comes to pushing hard and fast those are the the terms I hope that you remember from your CPR course So the depth of the compression should be one-third of the anterior posterior diameter So if you think about it the front to the back of the chest and then you take one-third So you should be compressing the chest about one-third of that diameter to get to the heart and be able to produce that cardiac output And then the depth just like in I'm sorry the rate just like in adults 100 to 120 times or compressions per minute Now important here on little infants and children we do not use both hands like we do in adults We have to be a little less gentle because it takes less effort to compress that one-third of the AP diameter So in infants we do the two-finger method Either like that right between the nipple line or in children one hand The other option for for infants with two fingers is the chest encircling method and you use both thumbs As a quick review refer back to your BLS book if you need a refresher on how to do that Now just like in adults we want to make sure we allow for complete chest recoil and minimize interruptions To get that blood flowing to keep it flowing because what we're doing with CPR We are taking over the function of the heart to perfuse the important organs That the brain the liver the kidneys everything that we need blood flow to And we want to change compressors every two minutes or sooner as or if needed. So CPR in Itself can be very strenuous more so in adults than in children, but it is a very stressful situation So in order to give the patient the best possible outcome We want to make sure that the person providing the compressions is fresh and is doing them correctly And don't ever be afraid to give feedback constructive feedback to anyone who is Involved in the scene so that you can make sure that the patient gets the best possible outcome now if you are using a BVM or a face shield or any kind of protective device to provide Ventilations the ratio for infants and children is 15 to 2 So that's a little bit different and the reason here again is that Little people children and infants have a higher oxygen demand along with the higher pulse rates So we want to make sure we give them oxygen a little bit more frequently So that they can maintain the oxygenation of their important organs And then we also want to get the AED as soon as possible and follow the directions If the AED only has adult pads do not hesitate to use them on children Some AEDs will have children or infant pads and adult ones But if all you have is adult ones, it's better to shock the patient and try then not to and then they die So that those are the guidelines also and then follow the instructions of the AED To a T is a very foolproof tool that tells you what to do when to do it and how to do it and Then certainly you want to wait until help arrives Which is hopefully already on the way and these first responders if you're out somewhere in the community or At your clinical facility can help take over the the care of your patients So they have again the best possible outcome Please also make sure that you check my other video where I review the tidbits of the adult CPR guidelines So that you can be familiar with these very important rules and keep your patient alive Given the best chance of survival. Thanks for watching. See you soon