 Good evening aspirants. Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankarayase Akrami for the date 16th of May 2022. These are the list of articles we will be discussing today. Before getting into the news article discussion, let us take up one previous year question from the 2019 paper. See, this question is about Swadeshi movement. Two statements are given. We have to find the correct statements. Let us take up the first statement. It contributed to the revival of indigenous artisan crafts and industries. See, this statement is correct. Let us take up the second statement. The National Council of Education was established as a part of Swadeshi movement. See, this statement is also correct. Since both the statements are correct here, the correct option is option C 1 and 2. See, with this, let us also see some of the basic information about Swadeshi movement. See, the movement had its base in the anti-partition movement, which was started to oppose Lord Gershan's decision to divide the province of Bengal. See, in August 1905, at Kolkata Town Hall, a massive meeting was held and a formal proclamation of Swadeshi movement was made. So, note that in 1905, at Kolkata Town Hall, Swadeshi movement was proclaimed. Okay, moving on. The decision was taken to boycott Manchester cloth and Liverpool salt. Although the movement was mostly confined to Bengal, it spread to few different places of India. In Pune and Bombay, it was under Bal Gangadhar Tilak. In Punjab, under Lala Lajpatrai and Ajit Singh. In Delhi, it was under Saeed Haider Reza. And in Madras, it was under V.O. Chidambaram Pillai. So, note these points. There might be a match type question from this. Okay, now moving on. See, the radical leaders in Congress wanted to take the movement beyond Bengal and not limit itself to the boycott of foreign cloth salon. But Congress was under the control of moderate leaders right at that time. So, they opposed this move. Krishna Kumar Mitra in his newspaper Sanjeevani highlighted the prospect of national education and economic Swadeshi. See, this movement was supported by Bengali middle class and Bengali intelligentsia. Okay, and Tilak called this movement as the Bahishakar Yoga. And Surendranath Banerjee called this movement as the protectionist movement. So, note these two points also. Okay, now moving on. The schools and college students were the most active participant of the movement. Student participation was visible in Bengal, Pune, Andhra Pradesh. And in Tamil Nadu, it was mainly visible in Madras and Salem. The police adopted a repressive attitude towards the students. The students found guilty were fined, expelled, beaten, arrested and disqualified for government jobs and scholarship. See, in Swadeshi and boycott movement, Umman also took active participation. Even Muslims participated. However, most of the upper and middle class Muslims stayed away from the Swadeshi and boycott movement. The upper class and middle class Muslims supported the partition of Bengal on the belief that it would provide them a Muslim majority East Bengal. Okay. See, inspired by Rabindranath Thawgur Shanti Niketan, the Bengal National College and a number of national schools and colleges in various parts of the country were set up. In August 1906, the National Council of Education was set up to organize the National Education System. A Bengal Institute of Technology was set up for technical education. Also, there was a growth in Swadeshi industries during the movement. The movement led to the establishment of Swadeshi textile mills, soap and match factories, tanneries, banks, insurance companies, shops, etc. The movement also revived the Indian cottage industry. Indian industries saw regeneration with reawakening of the use of indigenous goods. In addition to this, due to this movement, foreign imports dropped significantly. Okay. So, this was about the Swadeshi and boycott movement. What happened in the aftermath is that in 1911, the partition of Bengal was finally annulled by Lord Hardin's. See, Lord Hardin annulled the partition of Bengal mainly to curb the revolutionary terrorism. This annullment was not taken well by Muslims. So, consequently, the British shifted the unistative capital from Calcutta to Delhi, as Delhi was associated with the Muslim glory. Okay. See, these are some important facts about Swadeshi movement. With this, let us conclude the previous year question discussion and take up the first article for our discussion. Take a look at this editorial article. This editorial article is written in the backdrop of the recent verdict on the marital rape case. This case dealt with the constitutionality of the marital rape exception clause in the Indian penal code. The verdict has been pronounced by the Delhi High Court. But it is a split verdict. That is, the justices who delivered the judgment had differing opinions and there were two verdicts. The verdict declared by judge number two did not declare the marital rape exception clauses unconstitutional. So, Arthur calls to resolve this split verdict and provide us reason as to why the assertion of judge two is wrong. Therefore, in this discussion, let us understand what is marital rape, the clause that is being challenged and what are the split verdicts and the issue with the verdict. Before getting into the discussion, the syllabus regarding this discussion is highlighted here for your reference. You can go through it. Now, let us start the discussion. See, what is marital rape? Marital rape is an intimate partner violence where rape is committed by the victim's pose. Here, the perpetrator is victim's pose and most often, the perpetrator is the husband. The woman is victimized as the sexual intercourse between married people is not a result of love with consent. But rather, it is a result of coercion and lacks consent of the wife. Due to this, many are demanding to declare marital rape as rape and fully criminalized. So, does that mean our law allow marital rape? See, actually, yes. Our laws only partially criminalize marital rape. To understand how, we need to look at the rape section in the Indian Penal Code. Rape is dealt by the section 375. The section defines rape and state what constitutes rape. According to the section, rape is a sexual intercourse or sexual penetration when there is a lack of consent. You can clearly see here, the section provides seven descriptions of when certain acts will be considered rape. Each of those descriptions deals with consent. Here, consent means an unequivocal voluntary agreement to participate in the specific sexual act. Unequivocal voluntary would mean communicating the willingness to participate in the specific sexual act by a woman. Through words or gestures or any form of verbal or non-verbal communication. So, when there is absent of this consent, it is considered rape under section 375 of IPC. The section is so clear in defining rape that it mentions that even when a woman does not physically resist the act of sexual penetration, it will not be considered as consent. That means, the consent or the willingness to participate in the sexual act should be clearly communicated. In the absence of such communication, the sexual act will be considered rape. This is why an essential ingredient to prove the crime of rape is to prove the lack of consent. So, the Indian Penal Code is clear about rape except for one instance. It is when the consent is presumed to exist. This is the case when the victim and the perpetrator are married. This presumption is the result of patriarchy where they argue that sexual intercourse is a conjugal right and exception of the partner. So, conjugal rights are the rights and privileges in a marriage or among a married couple. So, it includes the intimate rights of marriage including the companionship, affection and sexual relation. So, the proponents of patriarchy say that the arguments of consent is defeated in front of conjugal exception of the husband. Particularly, this is the reason why in India the idea of marital rape is seen as antithetical to the presumed consent. But how does IPC assume this presumed consent? The presumed consent exists through the exception clause in section 375 which defines rape. The exception is provided to the instances where the consent is not required. So, I said that the section defines and lists what constitutes rape. In the same manner, it also provides clarification of what will not constitute rape under its exception clause. Our concern is with the second exception. It mentions that sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own wife is not rape unless the wife is under 15 years of age. This means if the wife is not under 15 years of age and is above this age, then it will not amount to rape. So, we can say that protection to married females partners exist in IPC but only to married girl children under 15 years of age which is nothing but a child marriage which is already punishable under other Indian laws. Also, note that the age limit was increased to 18 years by a Supreme Court judgment in 2017 case called the Independent Thought West Union of India case. See, overall we can say that Indian penal code disregards or ignores the sexual autonomy and bodily autonomy of all women who are 18 years old and above. Bodily autonomy means that we have the power and agency to make choices over our bodies in futures without violence or coercion. This includes sexual autonomy also which means the power to decide when to have sex and with whom to have sex or whether to have sex at all. It incorporates the freedom to decide one's sexual relation within wedlock as well as out of wedlock. So, sexual autonomy among women essentially includes the ability to refuse sex. Indian Penal Code openly states that sexual intercourse by a husband with his wife who is 18 years old and above will not amount to rape. This includes the forceful sexual intercourse that happens without consent. So, it pays way for marital rape. So, this class is called the Marital rape exception class. This is why we say IPC only partially criminalizes marital rape. So, this was the class that was challenged in the court of law. That is, the constitutionality of exception class 2 was challenged. Separate petitions have been filed by NGOs, RIT Foundation and All India Democratic Women's Association and also by two individuals. To these petitions only a combined judgment has been declared. But we saw in the beginning it is a split verdict by two judges. The judges were Judge 1, Justice Raju, Shakthar and Judge 2, Justice C, Hari Shankar. Judge 1 held that exception of husband from marital rape is unconstitutional. He noted that the marital rape exception class under which husbands have sexual intercourse with his wife of 18 years of age and above but without her consent is violative of Article 14, Article 15, Article 19, 1A and Article 21 of the constitution. So, he strike down the marital rape exception class. But the Judge 2 had a differing opinion. He held that the marital rape exception class does not violate constitution and the exception to husband is based on intelligible differential. So, satisfying the test of intelligible differential is required to qualify as a violation of Article 14. As you know, Article 14 embodies the general principle of equality before law and prohibits unreasonable discrimination between persons. This also means that all are equal in the eyes of law and the rule of law shall prevail. But this rule is not absolute and is subject to many exceptions. That is, the rule of law cannot prevent certain class of persons from being subjected to special laws. This provides power to the state to make laws which might operate differently on different classes of people thereby ensuring that like classes are treated alike. This notion is known as doctrine of reasonable classification. The need for reasonable classification arises out of varying needs of different classes or different sections of people. So, reasonable classification is always based on real and substantial distinction and hence Article 14 permits reasonable classification. Now, you may have a question of how can one ensure that reasonable classification exists. For this, a twin test was made mandatory by the Supreme Court in the case of state of West Bengal West Anvalari Sarkar. So, for the reasonable classification to pass the test, two conditions must be fulfilled. First, classification must be founded on the intelligible differential. Here, intelligible differential means difference should reasonably distinguish between persons or things that are grouped together from those that are left out of the group. So, if two classes of persons are treated differently, it must be established that they are indeed distinguishable from each other. For example, an adult and child in case of marriage. Child marriage is punishable whereas adult marriage is not. So, the classification should be such a differentiation. The second condition is such differential must have a rational relation to the object sought to be achieved by that. That is, there should be a rational nexus between the differentiation and the basic objective sought by the state under a law. This condition basically implies that if an act or law is applying a differential treatment to two different groups, then the act or law must have a rational link to the ultimate object that act aims to achieve. Without it, the differentiation will be considered void. Now, how these conditions apply to our case? In the case, it was examined whether the differentiate between married and unmarried women exist and whether such differentiation has a rational nexus with the objective of the rape law. What is the objective of the rape law? It is to protect from forced sexual intercourse or protecting a woman from being subjected to a sexual act against her will or against her consent. According to judge 1, the rational nexus was not present because the objective of the rape law is to punish unconcentrated sexual act as it is harmful in nature. So, whether the woman is married or not and the perpetrator is husband or not, still she has to go through the agony and pain. Hence, marital rape is nothing but rape. There is no relevance of marriage to rape. This is according to judge 1. So, there is no need for reasonable classification between married and unmarried women. The marital rape exception clause also lacks rational nexus because such a differentiation of married and unmarried fails to punish the non-consensual sexual acts which is the ultimate objective of the rape law. So, he struck down the marital rape exception clause as unconstitutional. But on the other hand, the judge 2 held that differentiation of married and unmarried women is important to protect the institution of marriage. So, the intelligible differentiation exists. Then, the rational nexus of such differentiation exists because according to him, mainly the marital rape exception clause is saving the marriage from any arbitrary and false accusation because it is practically impossible to establish the absence of consent within the peripheries of marital relations. So, the exception to husband should exist to save the scarcity of marriage. And thus, he declared marital rape exception clauses constitutional. These were the split verdicts. We can agree that more than declaring marital rape exception clauses unconstitutional, declaring it as constitutional has negative impacts. See, according to the author, the assertions made by judge 2 has flaws in them. Now, let us look at the flaws. First, how just striking down a clause that enables marital rape will threaten the institution of marriage is unclear. There is no evidence of weakening or destruction of marriage due to criminalizing marital rape. Now, moving on to the second flaw. See, it advocates that if rape is committed within the bounds of marriage, then it is okay. Now, moving on to the third flaw. It shows no regard to love, respect, equality, even care which are essential in a marriage or sexual relation. The fourth flaw is it propones the wrong conjugal exception of forced sex rather than a legitimate exception of sex with consent. Through this, it also encourages the men to violate the sexual autonomy of married women because of these flaws, Supreme Court, according to the author of the editorial, should take a look into it and provide a unified verdict that will ensure the protection of fundamental rights of all married women. That's all regarding this discussion. With this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Have a look at this editorial article. This editorial article talks about NATO. As you know, Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24th apparently to stop NATO's further expansion into its neighborhood. But in less than three months, the same invasion has pushed two more countries in the neighborhood to consider NATO membership. Yes, last week, the prime minister and president of Finland, which has stayed neutral since the end of World War II, said they hoped their country would apply for NATO membership without delay. Sweden, which has stayed out of military alliance for over 200 years, stated that NATO membership would strengthen its national security and stability in the Baltic and Nordic regions. If these two countries no formally apply for membership, it would be the biggest strategic setback for Russia, whose most important foreign policy focus has been on weakening NATO memberships. So, this is the crux of the editorial given here. In this context, as prelims are nearing, let us quickly go through NATO. See, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a transatlantic alliance of 30 like-minded North American and European countries. The alliance aimed to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. It was created in 1949. The alliance promoted democratic values and diplomacy. It enables members to consult and cooperate on defense and security related issues. Note that NATO was the first peacetime military alliance the United States entered into outside of the Western Hemisphere. After the destruction of the Second World War, the nations of Europe struggled to rebuild their economies and ensure their safety. The United States viewed and economically strong, re-armed and integrated Europe as vital to the prevention of communist expansion across the European continent. This had led to the creation of NATO. Soon after the creation of NATO, there was an outbreak of the Korean War. The North Koreans attacked the South Korea and at that time, this was viewed as an example of communist aggression directed by Moscow. So, the United States reinforced its troop commitments in Europe. Later, Western Germany also entered into NATO. See, this led to the Soviet Union to create an organization to counter NATO. So, the Soviet Union with its satellite states of Eastern Europe created the Warsaw Treaty Organization which is simply called Warsaw Pact. Now, coming back to NATO. See, NATO currently has 30 members. Here, you can have a look at all the members of NATO. Note that Germany, France, Poland are all members of NATO. See, even Turkey is a member of NATO. See, the NATO membership is open to any European state in a position to further the principle of this treaty. And it should be ready to contribute to the security of North Atlantic area. The purpose of NATO is to guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means. Politically, NATO promotes democratic values and enables members to consult and cooperate on defence and security related issues. It enables to solve problems and build trust. And in the long run, it helps to prevent conflict. See, NATO is committed to the peaceful resolution of disputes. If diplomatic efforts fail, it has the military power to undertake crisis management operations. Note that all the decisions of the NATO are taken by consensus. So, it is an expression of collective will of all the 30 members of NATO. That's all regarding this discussion. With this, let us move on to the next news article. See this article. This article says that the Indian Coast Guard recovered a tsunami data boy of the National Institute of Ocean Technology. This is because the boy was drifted from its moored position 255 nautical miles east of Chennai. See, it has drifted amid the deteriorating weather due to cyclone Asani. For your information, the moored boys are equipped with sensors, GPS, beacon lights and satellite trans receivers. They collect and transmit oceanographic and meteorological data giving critical information on tsunami and cyclone hazards. And this is the essence of the article given here. In this context, let us learn about tsunami in detail. We all know that tsunamis are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea. This is because earthquakes and volcanic eruptions cause the sea floor to move abruptly resulting in sudden displacement of ocean water in the form of high vertical waves. They are also called as harbor waves or seismic sea waves. Normally, the seismic waves cause only one instantaneous vertical wave but after the initial disturbance, a series of afterwaves are created in the water that oscillate between high crust and low trout in order to restore the water level. This is the basic about tsunami. With this basic information, let us see the effects of tsunami. For that, you should know a crucial fact here. See, the impact of tsunami is less over the ocean and more near the coast where they cause large scale devastations. This is because the speed of the wave in the ocean depends upon the depth of the water. Waves travel faster in deeper water. Hence, amplitude of the wave in deeper water is low. But if the wave is in the shallower water, then it will travel slower. This results in amplitude of the wave being high in the shallow regions. So, a tsunami wave raises the ship only a meter or two and each rise and fall takes several minutes. So, a ship at sea is not much affected by tsunami and it is difficult to detect even tsunami in the deeper parts of the sea. As opposed to this, when tsunami enters shallow water, its wavelength gets reduced and the period remains unchanged. This causes the wave height that is the amplitude to increase. Sometime, the height of the tsunami can reach up to 15 meters and above. See, this is the reason for large scale destruction along the shores. So, tsunami is also called as shallow water waves. See, tsunamis are frequently observed along the Pacific ring of fire, particularly along the coast of Alaska, Japan, Philippines. In the southern Indian Ocean, tsunamis are observed along the coast of Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and India. See, the great Sumatra earthquake was rated as the world's second largest recorded earthquake. This earthquake generated a devastating tsunami which caused unprecedented loss of life and damages to property in the Indian Ocean Rim countries. The tsunami was considered as one of the deadliest natural hazards in the history of men. The tsunami that happened in 2004 killed over 2,30,000 people in 14 countries. So, this prompted Ministry of Earth Sciences to establish the Indian Tsunami Early Warning System. The Indian Tsunami Early Warning System was established in 2007 and it is based at and operated by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, which is headquartered in Hyderabad. The Indian Tsunami Early Warning System comprises of a real-time network of seismic station, bottom pressure recorders, time gauges and a 24-7 operational Tsunami Warning Centre. Now, let us see the main objectives of Indian Tsunami Early Warning System. The first objective is to detect tsunami-genic earthquakes. The second objective is to monitor tsunamis and to provide timely advisories to vulnerable communities by means of latest communication methods with back-and-support of database and vision support systems. See, these are the objectives of Indian Tsunami Early Warning System. See, the Indian Tsunami Early Warning System is capable of issuing tsunami bulletins in less than 10 minutes after any major earthquake in the Indian Ocean. So, this provides us 20 or 30 minutes' response time in case of Andhamaran Nikoba region and few hours' response time in case of the mainland. Acting as one of the regional tsunami advisory service providers for the Indian Ocean region, Indian Tsunami Early Warning System also provides tsunami advisories to the Indian Ocean Rim countries. That's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion, we saw about the basics of tsunami, the effects of tsunami and we also saw some points about Indian Tsunami Early Warning System. With this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. See this article here. This is a sports-based article. What we chose this article is that UPSC is turning highly unpredictable. Last year, UPSC even asked a question from cricket. If you guys can remember, they asked a question about World Test Championship. So, as far as UPSC is concerned, we must not take any news lightly. This is why in this discussion, we are going to see about the Thomas Cup. See, the news article says that Indian men's team won the Made in Thomas Cup title. According to the article, the victory sparked celebration back home with Prime Minister Narendra Modi leading the tributes. It also says that the Sports Minister Anurag Thakur announced a cash award of 1 crore for the victorious team. And also, back-mitten association of India president Himant Bishwa Sharma announced a reward of rupees 1 crore for the winning squad. Mr. Sharma also announced an award of rupees 20 lakhs for the support staff. See, this is the crux of the article. Now, let us see about the Thomas Cup. The Thomas Cup sometimes called as the World Men's Team Championship is an international badminton competition. It is conducted among the teams representing major nations of the Badminton World Federation. See, this badminton world federation is the sports global governing body. The championship was started by the legendary badminton player of England, Sir George Allen Thomas, who was inspired by Tennis's Davis Cup and Football's World Cup. The first tournament was held from 1948 to 1949 and the tournament was conducted every three years till 1982. Since 1982, the Thomas Cup is being conducted every two years. Note that. See, the three teams with the most titles in the championship are Indonesia, China and Malaysia with 14, 10 and 5 titles respectively. See, Team India had participated in 1952 for the first time in the Thomas Cup and after a weight of 70 years, we have finally clenched the title. This is so far the best performance of India in the competition. See, the last time the country was closest to the title was in the year 1979 when they made it to the semifinals. But now, India got its hands on the top prize in badminton. As it registered a win against Indonesia with world championship medalist including Laxacen Kiddambi Shrikant and the world number 8 doubles duo of Chirag Shetty and Satvik Sairaj Rankiretti producing memorable performance. And know that Thomas Cup and Uber Cup are possibly the world's biggest and the most prestigious regularly held badminton events. That's all regarding this news article. With this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. See this article here. According to the article, Supreme Court has said that remission or premature release of a convict has to be considered in terms of the policy applicable in the state where the crime was committed and not where the trail was transferred to and concluded. Supreme Court said this while hearing a plea by a convict seeking direction to the state of Gujarat to consider his application for premature release. Though the crime was committed in Gujarat, the top court in 2004 had transferred the case to Mumbai due to the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case. And at that instance itself, the top court has said that after judgment of the conviction came to be passed, all the further proceedings have to be considered in Gujarat only, which is where the crime was committed. See this is the crux of the news article given here. In this context, let us revise about the pardoning power of president in detail. Now article 72 of the Indian constitution deals with the power of the president to grant pardons and to suspend, reprive, remit or commute sentences in certain cases. The article says that the president shall have the power to grant pardons, reprives, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offense. So this is applicable in what cases? See that also is given in the constitution itself. The pardoning power of the president is applicable in all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial. In all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offense against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the union extends. And finally, the pardoning power of the president is applicable in all cases where the sentence is a sentence of death. Apart from this, article 72 also says that it shall not affect the power conferred by law on any officer of the armed forces of the union to suspend, remit or commute a sentence passed by a court martial. So by law, if any armed force officer is given power of suspending, remitting or commuting a sentence passed by court martial, then it will not be affected by this president's power of pardon, suspend, reprive and commute of the sentence of court martial. Then the article also says that it shall not affect the power to suspend, remit or commute a sentence of death exercisable by the governor of the state under any law for the time being enforced. So what does this mean? This means that president's power to pardon, suspend, remit or commute a death sentence will not affect the governor's power to suspend, remit or commute a death sentence. See, I have given the meanings of pardon, respite, remit, reprive and commute here. Please pause the video and go through it. As problems is rearing, revise it because you can expect a question from the pardoning powers of president. With this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the practice problems questions. See, there are four practice problems questions today. Let us see them one by one. Let us take up the first question. This question is about North Atlantic Treaty Organization, that is NATO. Two statements are given. We have to find the correct statements. Let us take up the first statement. Article 5 of NATO agreement stipulates that any attack on NATO members constitute an attack on all its members. Moving on to statement 2. The 10th article delineates that the NATO alliance remains open to any European countries so long as it can abide by the rules of membership. See here, both the statements are correct. Both the articles form the foundation of the NATO organization. Article 5 of NATO agreement stipulates that any attack on any NATO member constitutes an attack on all of its members. This highlights NATO's chief name, that is to defend its member states and their citizens. And NATO's 10th article delineates that the alliance remains open to any European country as long as it can abide by the rules of the membership. The decision of whether a nation is permitted to join is made by the North Atlantic Council. So just reiterating the answer here, the answer here is option C, both one and two. Moving on to the next question. See, this question is about the pardoning power of the governor. Two statements about article 161 is given. We have to find the incorrect statement. Let us take up the first statement. Article 161 deals with the pardoning power of governor. See, we saw in the discussion that article 72 deals with the pardoning power of president, right? And here, article 161 deals with the pardoning power of governor. So statement 1 is correct. Moving on to the second statement. Like president, governor also has the power to reprive, remit, commute and suspend the sentence of court martial. But governor has no powers with respect to a death sentence. See, this statement is completely wrong. Article 161 says that the governor of a state shall have the power to grant burdens, reprive, respite or remission of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offense against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of the state extends. So the first part of the statement is wrong. Governor does not have the power when it comes to the sentence of court martial, not even commute, reprive or suspension or respite. Now coming to the second part of the statement. See, governor does not have any power to pardon a death sentence as a part of article 161 because it is not mentioned in it. But do you remember what we saw in the discussion? According to article 72, the pardoning power of the president does not affect the governor's power to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of death. So from this it is clear that governor cannot pardon a death sentence but he can suspend, remit or commute a death sentence. So the governor has no power when it comes to court martial but he has some power when it comes to death sentence. Given by high court of a particular state, governor cannot pardon it. He can only suspend, remit or commute. So second statement here is completely wrong. Since in the question they are asking us to find the incorrect statements the correct answer here is option B, 2 only. Now moving on to the third question. This is also a two statement question. Two statements in relation to given we have to find the correct statement. Let us take up the first statement. The height and the wavelength of tsunami waves is high near the shores which is the reason for the devastating effect. See this statement is wrong. This is because height will be high near the shores but the wavelength of the tsunami will decrease once tsunami reaches the shore. Tsunami wavelength will be more in the deeper parts of the ocean. As it approaches the coast the wavelength will decrease. Note this. Now let us take up the second statement. Tsunami is the Japanese word meaning harbour waves. This is an easy statement and we all know this is a correct statement. The word tsunami is composed of Japanese word su which means harbour and nami which means wave. So the correct answer here is option B, 2 only. This is a practice question for you. I have given three individuals under related sports. Correct pairs. So just go through the question and post the answer for this question in the comment section. The main question based on today's discussion is displayed here. Write the answers and post it in the comment section. If you like today's video like, comment and share it with your friends. For more updates regarding UPSC preparation subscribe to Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel. Thank you.