 I've just returned a day ago from Bonn after attending the two-week-long 23rd Conference of Parties of COP 23 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Even that was held in Bonn, the presidency was under Fiji, it's the first time a small island state has presided over the COP and that made a significant difference in my view with the outcomes. At the formal level, a number of important decisions were made, particularly including indigenous and local communities. Also a gender action plan and agriculture has now been adopted as one of the key areas to work in. These are important decisions that were made. Also the kickoff of what the Fiji is called the Talanoa dialogue between Fiji and Poland who are going to host the next COP 24 a year from now in Poland. They are now going to spend the next six months consulting not just with governments but different stakeholders from civil society and other actors to try and come to a consensus on the global stock take that's going to take place and the facilitated dialogue that's going to take place in COP 24 in Poland a year from now. So rather than waiting a year till we all get to Poland, they are going to initiate that process now and get feedback from all countries and all actors which is an excellent decision and a good process to follow to get inclusion from all the different sectors. The final point I'll make is my own sense that we are getting a huge amount of interest in implementing the Paris Agreement and this was particularly visible in the NGO or observer zone which was separate from the negotiators zone where day after day different groups were announcing actions and activities to implement the Paris Agreement. We ourselves did a development and climate days that IID does every year on the middle weekend. We also initiated a new capacity building day and there were many other such events going on all over Bonn in particular in the observer area and so to a large extent now the emphasis has now shifted to implementing the Paris Agreement rather than negotiating new agreements. The negotiators still have tasks to be in terms of how we implement and raise ambition in particular in the official negotiations with the governments but the power of actual people doing things I think has now been unleashed and this was very evident in the performance of the United States in Bonn in COP 23. So on the one hand we had the federal government represented by the State Department in the negotiations who were just negotiating and being their usual obstructive selves and on the other hand we had wave after wave of governors of states like California and mayors of cities like New York and CEOs of companies like Walmart and youth groups and women's groups and indigenous people's groups all coming to the the American Pavilion which was outside the negotiating premises and saying that they were still in the Paris Agreement and so the U.S. federal government and the President Trump may have withdrawn but the U.S. people by and large are actually going to deliver the pledges that were made by President Obama in Paris because the U.S. is well on the way to meeting those pledges. Of course we need them to do a lot more and with Trump withdrawing that's not going to happen but nevertheless what it showed in Paris in Bonn is that all countries and now all peoples are much more united to implement what we agreed in Paris and it's about how do we scale up make it faster rather than negotiating a new deal.