 I have requested that you should go through the personality part, right. So today's topic is personality. And what is personality? In common life we say that person has a dashing personality. He or she has a nice personality. We mostly talk about the general appearance, the physics or look and these type of things. But here for our subject matter, we are not considering that part as our personality definition. But we are mainly focusing on the behaviour part. Of course when we are talking about the personality of a human or any person, complete personality when we are talking, that part is also there. The appearance, the personality, the kind of physics, the look and all those type of things. But here we are mainly interested in the behaviour part. Mostly different definitions to understand the personality part. The relatively stable pattern of behaviours and consistent internal state that explains a person's behaviour tendencies is the personality. Similarly, the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others, we call it personality. But another one means how people affect other and how they understand and view themselves as well as their pattern of inner and outer major traits and we call it person-stuation interaction. How a person is interacting in a particular situation is the personality part. Another one, personality refers to a relatively stable set of feelings and behaviours that have been significantly formed by genetics and environmental factors. It is person-stuation interaction. So what can we call it? Two things, one is nature, one is nurture, heredity forces and the pattern of life experience. Both together they are making the personality is a product of, then we can easily say that personality is the product of nature and nurture. How, what was there? The basic genetic material and how it was grown, how it was raised, the experience part is the personality. Orthine, which plays a major part in personality, heredity, the genetic part, the environment, surrounding and of course a particular situation in which she or she has been faced. So it is person-stuation interaction and we call it the personality. Let me explain this personality concept in a different way. Personality, how this concept of personality was originated? It came through a word persona to speak through. Earlier, couple of decades back, even 100 years back, people used to perform different acts like stage function or other acts by wearing different mask. Now whatever mask they were wearing, they have to react according to or they have to act according to the mask what they are wearing. So in reality too, see I am at the moment, I am wearing a mask of a teacher and you sitting there, you are wearing a mask of a student. So now my action, my activities should match with the kind of mask I am wearing. Similarly, we are expecting from you that you will be behaving according to the mask which you are wearing that is the mask of the student. But sometime, a person is also wearing rather most of the time, the multiple masks like sitting in home at your home, you are wearing multiple masks, you are wearing a mask of brother, you are wearing a mask of a sister, you are wearing a mask of a son, same time elder brother, whatever different relationship we have in the family because you have different people with you at the home. So now when you are dealing with a particular person of your family, let us see if he is your father, you will be behaving like a son or daughter to him, same time if your younger brother is next to you and you have to talk with him. So now you have to act like your elder brother, you as elder brother or sister. So remember, if you will not act according to the mask you are wearing, something is wrong in your personality, isn't it like that? So in a particular situation, you have to act according to your personality, similarly in the organization based on those values, those norms, those attitude things, each person is different from one another. So we have different personality in realities or each person will behave differently in a certain situation. So what are the factors? Let us see, let us talk about some major factors or forces which are influencing the personality and yes, they are the same which are affecting your value system, which are affecting your attitudes because everything is kind of building on each other, these are different blocks. So let us specifically see the personality part and try to understand those different forces which are affecting your personality. It starts from the heredity. The heredity forces, the genetic setup you got from your parents, that is going to play the main role for the individual personality part. Then of course the cultural forces, before culture let us go to family. As we discussed in the values and attitude lectures during those lectures, the role of the family, the parents, the brother and sister living in the house, your neighborhood, they are also playing a very important role and they are acting as forces to shape up your personality. I have mentioned it many times, that is why it is said that the major part of the personality part is your toddler age where your child comes into your life. So the second force let us see is the family relationship forces, that is affecting on your personality. I have told you in one of the lectures that mostly in other countries, people with the single parents, they have been built deficiencies and people say that something was left in their personality, that is why they are behaving very strangely. So the forces of the family, and our country is very hot that we still have very strong family forcing, family forces and family system. What about cultural forces? The culture, big way it is affecting your, the values, the attitude and of course the personality of a person and logically the behavior. So this is the culture, if you look at Pakistan, we have different cultures, you see the region as a subcontinent, we have different cultures, Pakistani culture, other cultures, the culture of Sri Lanka, the culture of other countries, look at the world level, you can see religion wise. So these things, these forces are also affecting your personality to shape up. And similarly, your social class, even within the culture, you have social classes, you have the reference groups which are also affecting your personality, and that is how people are different from one another, people from the same family they are different from one another, people sitting in the same group, having in the same reference group, they still behave differently. Because see the other forces are different, if you take one force unique, one factor but still other factors are different for everybody. So nature has created each person different, its values, its ethics, its attitude or ultimately personality will also be different. Personality coming back to again, and let us talk about the big five personality traits in your text. A set of fundamental traits that are especially relevant to the organization, we are mainly focusing personality with relation to the organization, the organization behavior set up our concept. Emotional stability, aggressiveness refers to the tendency to be social, friendly, expressive. Then emotionally stable refers to the tendency to experience positive emotional state, similarly aggressiveness, which being forgiving, tolerant, trusting, we put people in this group. So different people have discussed different personality traits, we will discuss some in this lecture, you can read the rest in the text. Similarly, it exhibits by those who are described as dependable, agnised and responsible. Consciousness, openness to experience, another one, then we call them big five personality model. Similarly, let us see what is the relationship between the big five personality dimension and the carrier. The big five traits are significantly related to both intrinsic or extrinsic, your career success. Extrinsic is your satisfaction, extrinsic is your peripheral profit, income, occupation status. These are all things related to it, it can be understood, if you will read a little, then you will understand these things. The same big five personality dimension, caring, dependable, secure, sensitive, flexible, cultitious, empathetic, outgoing, talkative, every K, the five basic model, dimension, key characteristics. In the text, you have discussed the Myers-Biggs framework, these are basically 16 different personality categories. And again, remember, we are talking about personality with reference to the work organization. Sensing, intuition, judging, perceiving, chart, characteristic dimension, what are those traits? They are outgoing, less intelligence, more intelligence, all these things don't get confused there. These are different theories, different things, that is why I have discussed it with you, so that you can understand the big picture easily. These are small pieces, they are puzzles, every small piece, if you understand its dimension, then it is very easy for you to solve that puzzle. So let's see what are those 16 traits which has been discussed in your textbook. Should I go one by one and let's discuss a few of them. Similarly, there is a reserve, outgoing, some people don't like the reserve, again, look at the background, what are the setups, what was the family orientation, how was the learning, what are the values, what is the behavior, then you will see the reflection on its personality, some people can be outgoing, sound keeping, going to the reserve, they just mean business, and wherever the work comes from, don't think about it. Similarly, the thing about intelligence, intelligence, in the abilities, if you have seen it, you will have seen intelligence, your capabilities, your ability, and your physical ability. Affected by the feelings, emotion is stable, some people are very emotional, some people are involved in it, some people are very stable. Submissive, some people dominate, some are serious, some are happy and lucky, happy go lucky and happy going, similarly, there is trusting, suspicious, self-assumes, apprehensive, some people stay relaxed, some people are very tense, and those are the traits of the personality. You can say that he always plays with a smile, he doesn't say anything, he is very tense, he is very reserved, he is very outgoing. What is the benefit from this? Why should you be concerned? Why should I be concerned? Yes, we should be concerned because we agreed in the first lecture that we have to understand the events and then we have to predict the behavior. And based on those predictions, we can influence the behavior. Why we want to influence the behavior? Because we want to achieve the desired results.