 This paper examines the concept of resilience in the context of COVID-19 and its implications for low- and middle-income countries. It identifies five key dimensions of resilience, realigned relationships, foresight and motivation as drivers, emergency preparedness and change management as organizational mechanisms, and adaptive capacity and responsiveness as enablers. These dimensions are essential for developing a resilient health system which can withstand sudden shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic. This article was authored by Pauline Yeoloon-Grimm, Sandy Oliver, Sonia Merton and others.