 Hello and welcome to my presentation. I'd like to share with you some of the findings we have with regards to antimicrobial use among pastoral communities in Kenya. As a background, we understand that antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem both locally and globally. A lot of research has already been conducted on antimicrobial use, especially in large scale production systems and in developed countries with minimal research done in low and middle income countries, especially in pastoral production systems. We undertook this study to understand how these communities make decisions on antimicrobial use, given the fact that pastoralists actually contribute a major component on our beef production value chain, especially here in Kenya. This presents a good opportunity for any intervention that would need to be done to mitigate antimicrobial resistance in the food value chain. We sought to understand what factors influence the decisions that are made with whether a heart is treated with antimicrobials or not, and we collected data using a community-based animal health survey that included heart health practices, vet services access and vet advice access as well, as well as other heart health management practices in this household next to the Masaimara National Reserve. This was a very fertile study site for human-wide life interface and livestock-wide life interface again presenting a very good one health study area. We are subset factors into six thematic areas, as you can see depicted here, and all of these were to help us identify antimicrobial use trends on different hearts. And to understand antimicrobial use in the different hearts, we then defined our outcome as MU in different species that was cattle and sheep and goats separately, and also used disease-based models which were FMD and off models. We then ran a multimodal logistic regression which is a supervised machine learning approach to identify factors that popped up as highly ranked in the different models. And as you can see, there are factors that in all the four models came up as important factors in antimicrobial use trends in this community. In a nutshell, we identified the gender education of the respondent occurrence of CBPP and tick-borne diseases as well as use of some vaccines and access to vet services and advice are critical components when it comes to decisions of antimicrobial use among different hearts in these communities. Thank you and I'm happy to take any questions.