 The efficient enzymatic secarification of cellulose at low cellulose loadings is a challenge for commercialization of a process for bioconversion of lignocellulose to ethanol, an effective pretreatment followed by high enzyme loading is needed. Amorphogenesis, the initial stage in enzymatic secarification of cellulose, involves disruption or loosening of inaccessible regions within the highly ordered and tightly packed fibroler architecture of the cellulose micro fibrils, thereby increasing the cellulose surface area and making it more accessible to the cellulose enzyme complex. Various amorphogenesis inducing agents have been suggested, including non-hydrolytic proteins, heat, acid, alkali, and mechanical treatments. This article was authored by Sadler Jacken and Ernst Valdeer.