 The next day was short courses. I skipped the short courses and went to the San Francisco Ballet instead recreation. Today I went to the seminars and I was probably one of the few older people who went to all the seminars and they were absolutely wonderful. One of the best sets of seminar talks I've attended over the years except I used to give seminars myself. So what's the latest seminars of art? Today I started off with a report on markets and I gave projections of the next 10 to 20 years of markets in display and display related technology. So what's the future of the display in the next 10 to 20 years? One of the more interesting things was because of recent developments liquid crystals are going to dominate probably for the next 25 years. But you've been dominating already the last 50 years, right? And everyone expected them to go away. That LCDs would be have larger markets than OLEDs in 5 to 10 years and that is happening. And the projection of the market people this morning was that OLEDs would gain about one third the market share of LCDs over the next 20 years or so. So the total display market is roughly $170 million a year and for the next 25 years LCDs will continue to have roughly two thirds of the market. So did you believe that the stuff he was working on 50 years ago was going to be all over the place? Not really. In fact when he was in graduate school he didn't work on liquid crystals. I had never heard of a liquid crystal until I graduated. Was it your idea that you should get into that? Oh yes, it was my idea. I like liquids and I like crystals, especially diamond crystals. It's huge, right? So what's your thought right now in terms of was it the right thing to do? Oh yes, in fact Fred has like original patents like a crystal technology from Bell Labs, which is a major research lab. So I was told I was throwing away a major research career by going to Japan for a year and working over there. And it turns out to be one of the best things I ever did. In 1971 I invented the VAN LCD. I was actually allowing nematic LCD at Bell Laboratories and I presented it at a technical conference in Ann Arbor, Michigan and filed the patent roughly the week before. And that device, that liquid crystal mode is now in over 50% of the world's LCD TVs. So when you look here, every single room has one of your TVs, right? How does it feel to think that this stuff is everywhere? Well I don't know, Fred's so famous that I feel really inferior being in English as a second language teacher. Well these are my children. I'm very pleased to see my children doing so well. The other one that has done really well, as I mentioned. In 1973 I left Bell Labs because I didn't think they would ever make a product using anything I'd ever did. And I went to a company and I thought it would make a product and that was Eulah Packard. And it took them, they had promised they would introduce a product in six months and I demonstrated the technology to Bill Eulah and Dave Packard, the founders of HP in May 1974 and in roughly 1971 they introduced a line of calculators a scientific and a business calculator, the HP 11 and the HP 12. 71 or 81? 81. So it took them seven years? Six years instead of six months. That's right. California time. So these things take a long time? Well they decided they had to move a division they didn't have the CMOS technology I brought Sharp in and Sharp said that they would give HP the CMOS technology and Sharp said we cannot share our crown jewels with the Japanese and so they moved an entire division from Cupertino, California to Corvallis, Oregon they built a CMOS manufacturing facility and they introduced the first HP computational product using liquid crystals, the HP 11, HP 12 before that the HP 21, HP 41 but anyway these are probably the most important products that HP has ever introduced. They were very impressive and important and it was good to be part of that and it brought them a lot of profits. Everybody had them? Yes. All the kids. And I still have my HP 11 and HP 12. It still works? Yes. I have to change the battery of one of them but the other one hasn't required a battery change in 30 years or so. Well that's good battery life Yeah it is. But anyway cycling back third thing I want to mention, my contribution to LCD's maybe just as important as the first two is there was a professor at the University of California, a physical professor named Ron Shen and I had hired at HP several of his previous students, PhD students and they had done very well at Eula Packard and I told them I was ready for another one and he said I've got a really good student coming along and this student had scored number three on the China wide exam which determined who in China would get to come to graduate school in the United States and he came to graduate school at University of California Berkeley. Working for Professor Shen and I tracked him and when he was ready to graduate I made him an offer and hired him at Eula at Greyhawk Systems my company at the time and I got him his green card so he could work legally in the United States so Wei Chen who was this promising graduate student is now Vice President for displays at Apple. So if you use an Apple display you are using a display that Wei Chen has had a major role in and I'm still working with Wei he is chairman of the display awards committee where we make awards to the leading displays of the previous year and I am working with him on that committee so it's a great activity. So cycling to the present today's seminars said liquid crystals are maybe 90% of the display business today and they will continue to be over 70% of the display business for the next 20 or 25 years and OLEDs which are the major challenger will be limited to one third of the liquid crystal display market and that's because OLEDs are too hard to make and too expensive and there have been major improvements in LCDs a major one of which has been the use of QLED technology to illuminate the displays many of you may go to a consumer electronics store and see that they are selling LED TVs there are no LED TVs on the market except for a very expensive one from Sony but these are all LCD TVs illuminated by LEDs light from LEDs OLED and QLED LEDs not OLED LEDs but QLED LEDs so one of the big developments here is QLED as a major source of getting high quality color and ultra bright LCDs which make the LCDs a much more cost effective process purchase than OLEDs why do people buy the 4K TVs is not so much for the resolution right ok so we talked about 4K TVs two years ago and I stand by my original position yes if you get close enough to a 4K TV you can see all the pixels but at the normal viewing distances 2K or even 1K is probably good enough but the 4K TVs the top of the line unit and 8K TVs will soon replace them at the top of the line and the best electronics the high end electronics which is very important in achieving the outstanding quality possible with LCDs is enabled by the electronics in the high end 4K TVs so as the chip said basically yes it's the driving circuits absolutely and for many years when I did my multi-client reports I told my readers that the problem of the display device the electronic display would be solved but the real advance that was required was in the driving electronics and so if you get a 4K or an 8K you get a better chip set and it's a good purchase for that reason so what else is going on QLEDs will continue to be important currently there's the photo luminescent QLEDs which are illuminated with light sources and then there will be another generation eventually of electro luminescent QLEDs and those devices could be their own display devices in addition there are a lot of work on micro LED displays when they solve the problems there are probably 120 companies worldwide working in this area the challenge is being able to achieve performance, cost and appropriate market edge for these things to evolve but anyway the other thing evolving is heads up and heads down displays for automobiles and see there was a major talk about the importance of heads up displays which would be approximately at the front of your car there won't be an appropriate one on the market for at least 3 to 8 years if you believe the General Motors people may be 3 years the ultimate is probably more likely 5 to 8 years hopefully we'll have self driving cars before then right? these will help enable self driving cars and I think there's still a lot of technology and legal issues to be worked out in self driving but anyway the bottom line is this was a very exciting day of seminars the SID 2019 display work and it ensures there will be multiple generations of advanced displays in the next 10 to 20 years and full employment for workers to develop these displays so it's very exciting and I encourage people to look over the proceedings of this meeting