 Okay, so this study is done with a nice team of ladies from different parts of the region, all Egyptians. And it's, we are doing a global study and we are just looking at our like major economic indicators and how they are interlocking relationship. So, that's how it will go. So, let's start with the first, our first indicator is the disaster and we look at it with the frequency intensity, that's number one. Number two, how it's affected people. And number three, how damage and money paid for these damages. So, if we look at these, we are having like flood is the first and pay attention to the number of events. So, the flood and then storm and then geophysical and drought. So, this is the most happening disaster, the flood and the storm and then the fourth one is geophysical and the seventh one is the drought. Okay, this is the frequency, okay, the intensity of this disaster. And we are having the data from 1990 to 2020. So, this is three decades and these are the most decades that we are facing and most of us are, have seen it and let's see the number of people hit. And the number of people hit, these are the death tools plus the people who are affected. So, if we look at this, we have, still we have the flood but the drought moved from the seventh to the second. So, if like what's happening in Pakistan is actually, we are seeing how much people are devastated and affected. So, that's actually one of the very damaging disasters that we are facing nowadays. And then we have the storm and the geophysical is actually the earthquakes, the earthquakes and the volcano. So, it goes to the fourth and it's actually in the fourth if we look at the frequency. And here we go to our third focus is the total damage in terms of dollars and the world have paid until now 4.6 billion dollars for all of these disasters. And we have the storm move up to the most damaging and we actually have seen the Florida a couple of days ago and what happened to Florida, the damage that has been done. And flood is persistent. Then we have the geophysical and the amount of drought. So, it's very interesting and alarming. And if we look at how these disasters and we will divide them into dry disasters and wet disasters. So, they are the dry ones, they are fluctuating and we have like the extreme temperature and the drought, they are moving up and some kind of fluctuation is happening here. But if we move to the wet disaster, look at this. The flood and the storm is having an increasing trend throughout the years. And if you remember back to the few slides, the floods were having so much frequency as well as the number of hits or the number of people affected. So, that's very alarming. And if we compare the disasters, the wet, the dry and the health, in this stage we are working progress for the project. So, in the next step we will add the COVID. So, things will see how it goes on after adding the COVID. So, here if we compare the wet with the dry and the health, definitely the wet is very dangerous. It's increasing over the years and it's alarming. So, if we look at the distribution of disasters by continent, we have Asia is really affected by storms and then the landslide and then followed by the flood, that's the most common disasters we have here in Asia. And then followed by Africa, they are having the storms, the very few landslide, the flood and followed by the drought. So, each continent as you can see has different needs. So, what suits Asia wouldn't suit Africa. So, as like for the COPE 27 and the policy makers and the decision maker in the world, they have to like save the world and help each continent based on their needs. And then we have North Africa, North America and definitely storms is affected North America followed by Europe and you can see Europe, here we have flooding and extreme temperature, that's very clear. South America they have less and Oceania they have less disasters. If we look at the space shooting portal thing and actually I want you to go back and watch and look at our world data.org natural disasters. They have the data from 1900 to 2020 and you can press the slide and you can see how the disasters are moving throughout these and it's actually from the 1970 it's becoming more and more disaster throughout the world. So, as you can see it 1990 we have disasters but it's more of the world is covered by disasters. So, actually we need to all the countries need to think and restructure their economic policies to save their citizens. And then the second variable that we are interested in is the temperature and it's a way of it's a proxy for climate change. So, we have the temperature anomies and this is from the 1800 and as you can see we start to have from the 1940s we start to have positive anomies and beginning of the 70s it's becoming we are heading to one degree slays above the pre industrial degrees. Okay, so it's very alarming and according to the IBCC 2018 it was like we were trying to have it below two degrees and this year no they are saying we have to have below 1.5 degrees. That's so we are not far from this target. And we thought of having like seeing the disaster vulnerability and the income so this scatter plot this is the hits or the number of people affected and this is the GDP per capita and we have seen it by continent and the amount of the intensity of the hits. So, the green one goes for Africa they have low income and they have more hits as you can see. And then we have Asia and they are really hit by these disasters and then we have North American Europe and they have the high income and they their hits are not that big. So, they are not that affected like the people who are in Africa. So, here you can see the relationship between both. So, this empirical evidence is looking for yes we want to see the interlocking relationship how to disentangle this complex relationship between growth, natural disaster vulnerability and inequality and we have climate change as a mediating factor. So, it's a very complex especially that we have sorry, especially that we have higher levels inequality within a country can increase the country's vulnerability to catastrophic events. And it's actually you can see it in Central America. When it's said by a storm it's very the people who are in highlands who are the rich people they can like surrender more than the people who are in valleys or near the coasts. So, our contribution in this is that we are trying to see the mechanism between economic disasters, sorry economic growth, disaster and inequality and how they are affecting each other. So, we want to see the direction of the relationship. Is there a reverse causality? And we are looking that we are doing this by having simultaneous equation approach. We have 166 countries from 1990 to 2020. So, it was a big project collecting data from different sources and indulging them together. So, we are having analysis to see the dynamic character of these phenomena. And actually this is the first study that has been doing this Kapelli 21. They did the two equations. One for the inequality, the other for disasters. So, we are just working on it to have the growth and the climate in this system of equation. So, we got the data from different sources. We had the white, from the white the inequality. And we had the temperature and precipitation from the climate change knowledge portal. And we had the macro economic indicators from the World Bank World Development Indicator. And this is a very good source for the disaster data. It's the GU reference emergency event database. It's an excellent database where you can find all the disasters by the countries and the years. So, I'm really fascinated by how much data we have now. So, this is our empirical strategy. We are investigating the integrated paradigm. So, we have an equation for growth and equation for the inequality and an equation for the natural disasters. So, this is a new classical growth model. But we included the climate, which is the precipitation and the temperature. And we have here the genie from this equation. And we have the hit from this equation. And we account for institution quality. That's for the growth model. And for the genie, we have the hit. We have the lagged GDP. We have human development index, expenditure and institution quality as well. So, we account for the institution quality for these countries. And for the hit, it's the number of people affected. We have here the genie, the GDP per capita, the lagged hit and government expenditure, investment, number of disasters. And the land size of each country, the percentage of being rural population. So, we did this by error component model, two-stage and three-stage, as well as the usual panel models. As well as we did the housement test to see which is better. So, this is our descriptive statistics for the different variables that we had. And here are our preliminary results. And we start by having separate equations for each of our models. And let's move to our simultaneous equations. Okay. So, as you can see here, we have the two-stage and the three-stage. And according to the housement test, the three-stage is more robust. Yes. So, here we have the number of people affected. The hits is significant. And it's actually increasing the genie index. So, that's an interesting result. And if we look at human development index, that's very surprising and it's significant. And if any of you can like help us in explaining why the human development index is increasing, the number of hits. So, and it's persistent in the two-stage and the three-stage. So, we need to think about it, why we had this result. And if we move to the genie model, we have the GDP, the income, is degrading the income. It's very good result. And as well as the human development index, it's decreasing the inequality between and within the countries. Another result is a good result is the government expenditure. So, government needs to spend more to decrease the inequality. And here, that's the problem comes here. The number of people hits, the number of people affected by disasters, it's increasing our inequality. And let's move to the last growth model. We have the genie is increasing the growth. And I believe that's one of the theories that the genie might not help well. The inequality might not boost the growth. So, my friend Shireen said the Republicans will be happy for that in the United States. So, maybe we need to think about it, how to get over this. And we have conversions here. So, the initial income, it's negative. And we have the model, the growth has a convergence. And the investment increasing our growth. And we move to the very critical variable, temperature. And it's significant. And there is an increasing negative effect, negative effect between the temperature. The climate change is negatively affecting our growth. So, that's a very important result. And it's highly significant. So, the conclusion here is that we have given a unique insight to this complex interrelationship relationship, integrated model between growth inequality and natural disasters. Definitely, there has to be policy reforms to account for disasters, climate change, inequality in order to have better governments in countries. Definitely, inequality is a big issue. And there has to be incentive structure and institution regulation to help that in order to protect people from disasters. Climate change is slowing down growth. And I totally believe, like, the world has saved us from COVID. Because governments sit down and they decided to have shots for everybody on the earth to save us from COVID. So, I totally have the positive insight that if governments decided in the couple of days coming that we can save the world from climate change and natural disasters, that can be done. So, thank you so much.