 In this knowledge clip, what is plagiarism and how do you prevent it? The aim is that in academic work you demonstrate your own skills and ideas. At the same time, you're expected to use sources from others who have gone before you, standing on the shoulders of giants. How you use those sources is of great importance. You must make sure that your work can be judged as being your own. Preventing the opposite, plagiarism, is what this clip is about. What is plagiarism? Plagiarism is when you make something appear to be your own work when, in fact, it is not. Carelessly or without proper acknowledgement of the source, copying data, texts and other people's reasoning or thoughts. According to the rules and guidelines for the examination board and in the Tilburg University Code of Conduct, this is considered fraud. In the study programmes of Tilburg University, assignments, papers and theses are used in various courses. The purpose of this written work is to test the students' knowledge and skills by allowing students to demonstrate that they are able to substantiate their own reasoning. When writing texts, the use of scientific articles is permitted, of course, provided it is done in an academic way. We'll get into that in a moment. Prevent suspected plagiarism Cutting and pasting is so easy that you sometimes plagiarise without even realising it, yet in some cases it is, in fact, plagiarism. One of the ways in which you commit plagiarism is if you copy sentences, phrases, paragraphs or even ideas from the work of others, published or unpublished, without mentioning the original author. Even if you substitute some words from a paragraph, it is plagiarism. How should it be done? Make it clear in the text which information is your own and which you've taken from someone else's text. Data from sources are marked by listing your sources, so if there are no sources, they are your own ideas or commonly known facts. Whether something is a commonly known fact is something you must determine for yourself. Think about who will be reading your work. Can you assume that the reader is familiar with the facts you mention? Then a source is not necessary. Paraphrasing means writing something someone else has written in your own words. When you paraphrase, don't just change a few words in a sentence, but really write it in your own words. Follow the rules for correct citation. Always put the literal text that you take from a source between quotation marks and don't forget to cite the source. If you're using a paraphrase of a source, include a source reference as well. Avoid using so much data or quotes from other sources that the text can no longer be judged as your own work. Graphs, tables, statistics and images should also be acknowledged as sources. Even if you refer to sources that you have written yourself, you must still include a source reference. Think about this when, for example, you officially resubmit a thesis that you have rewritten. For each newly cited fact, even if it comes from the same source, include a source reference. In doing so, be on the safe side, but don't overdo it. Make sure the source citation is accurate and complete. Plagiarism does not necessarily involve intent. Even if students are not aware of the rules regarding the correct citation of the source, you can plagiarise someone else's work without the intention of presenting it as your own. Acting carelessly in science can therefore result in a fraud allegation. How is plagiarism determined? Written work must always be put through a plagiarism scanner. The lecturer takes care of this or it happens automatically when the student uploads it. The report shows whether the text was copied and from what source, even if small parts were changed. The lecturer evaluates that report and if plagiarism is suspected, it is reported to the examination board. What are the consequences of plagiarism being established? Plagiarism is a violation of the academic attitude. If the examination board also judges the reported suspicion as plagiarism, according to the rules and guidelines for the examination board, it can decide to impose a sanction. In principle, the work is declared invalid and the student is excluded from the next opportunity to hand in the work. In the case of a thesis, it is declared invalid and a new thesis can only be started after a waiting period of a whole semester. So make sure to prevent that. Follow the rules in this video. Quote correctly and paraphrase properly. Don't do it too often. Don't copy and cite your sources. Where can you find more information about plagiarism? On the Tilburg University website to be found on the page, How Do I Reference? On the Ref site website to be found on the source referencing page, in the Code of Conduct.