 My name is Patrick Barnard and I'm a research geologist with the United States Geological Survey. Yeah, I'm a research geologist and I oversee our climate impacts program on the West Coast and so we seek a data-driven understanding of potential changes to coastal communities and impacts of storms and sea level rise across the West Coast and the Pacific Islands and Alaska. I define resilience as the ability to adapt to changing conditions. For us at USGS the goal is to provide science to communities so they can understand the range of conditions to expect in the future related to climate change and then they can then strategically plan to adapt to those potential changes and impacts. Yeah, well we don't have hurricanes so often we're overlooked in the sense of these really big-time impacts that we see in the East Coast and Gulf Coast but we do have very large storms, we get very large waves as much as 30 to 40 feet in the winter and so that combined with sea level rise puts many communities at risk and many of the communities on the West Coast are built within estuaries, reclaimed estuaries so in very vulnerable positions even though much of the coast is high relief, a lot of people live right at sea level. Yeah, Cosmos is the coastal storm modeling system. We develop it to look at the dual impact of sea level rise in storms on communities across California and the goal was to develop a line of products that would directly feed into the planning process so not just to kind of walk away from the table with just providing the science but also to provide the science in a format that people can use and really build right into their planning process and how they're going to look to do with climate change impacts. A couple things, one's really exciting is USGS has a definitely a move toward developing more nationally consistent products so not just doing hyper-local or regional efforts but trying to develop national-scale products for coastal hazards so that all the different communities and all the different congressional districts will have the same sort of set of plans to look at, to understand how they might be affected by climate change. The other on the science side in particular is in this satellite era now we have this amazing resource where we have satellites that are measuring like every square foot of the earth on a daily basis and so we have this opportunity now to bring all this data into our models and update our models on a more consistent, continual basis.