 The human settlements are controlled by certain factors. So those factors are actually not only related to the the human factor, but also on the physical factors. In other words, we can say those are actually controlled by the human environment as well as the physical environment. Now, what is the human environment? In the human environment, the most important thing is the economic condition of the area. If we have the example of the developed country, then the human settlement there will be totally different as compared to the developing economy. So this actually is not only belongs to the economic condition of the area, but also the type of housing, the material used within the dwelling. So those are also controlled by the type of the economy. Now, in the physical factor, we see that in the rainy climate, the style of the roof will be totally different as compared to the areas which are under the drought conditions. So this is actually the physical environment which is actually controlling the human settlements. So, in other words, settlement can range in size from a small number of dwellings to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas. Settlements may include hamlet, village, town and cities. So in this, we see that the human settlement, which we call dwellings, is also different in size. And how is the size different because of the number of the person living within the dwellings? So in that, we see that the economic condition of the area, like if you have the example of the developing world like Pakistan, the size of the village here is more as compared to the USA village. Why? Because the number of people are living, most of the people are living in the rural world in Pakistan, but in USA, about 2% of the total population is living in the village area or the farmlands. So the second important factor is the farm holdings. So the size of the field under a family is smaller than the USA farmland. The holding of the farmers is bigger. So the size also differs. So that's why we are actually dealing with the settlements, types in areas of sizes. So this is one of the areas where we can say the size is different within the economies. But the important, the generalized figure, which we call urban hierarchy, the tiniest or the tiniest population cluster, the smallest size of the population settlement, is called the hamlet. Then we have the village, the town, the city and the hyper city. So in this way, you have the hierarchy of the settlements. So this is one of the size of the settlement also. Here we have a generalized picture of the settlement. Now, when we are talking about the hierarchy of the area, so first of all, we can see that the isolated, we can see some dwellings, which mostly belongs to the developed world. And then we have the hamlet, the size of the cluster increases here. That too, in the developed economy, the size is different. The economy like Pakistan, the size of the hamlet is different. Sometimes about 5,000% are living in hamlet, the developing economies. But in USA, it is not more than 100% within the hamlet area. So hamlet is the tiny cluster of the human population or settlement area. Then we have the village, which has, again, the size is totally different. In Pakistan, the size of the population of the village is about 25,000%. Whereas in Japan, the size of the population is 5,000. So 25,000 out of 5,000. It means that we have a difference between the two villages, but those differences are controlled by the type of the economy. Then we have the small town and the large town. Then the size of the city, which we also call metropolitan area and So, that is actually the cluster of urban agglomeration, where we have 4 to 5 mega city. So that is the largest cluster of the human settlement. Now here we can see the hamlet. Now the single dwelling is actually is also called the isolated dwelling. And you can see, we have one house. So it is perhaps controlled by the large number of farms, meaning the size of the farm is holding here. And that's where the few persons are living here. But it actually belongs to the developed world. Now the right side, we have the number of houses, not more than 5 to 10, but is between 5 to 10 and is called the hamlet. These are the tiny settlements. They are just a collection of houses perhaps centered around a few farms and maybe without even a shop. So services here will be less because of the facilities available at the spot are less, even the repair shop is not available. So that's why people are moving from the hamlet to the side of the area where we have some of the repair workshops. So services are not available here. Only these houses are controlled by the productions. So the sides here are actually the hinterlands. Production is available here. Production is also agriculture, mining can be done here. So those are actually the areas were totally controlled by the production of the region. So here we have an example of the village. They are also small settlements, several hundred people live in them and they have a few shops, a place of worship and maybe a school too. So it again belongs to the developed world and you see here that some of the houses are there, but few facilities and also there. Government has developed some infrastructure here. So that's why they have certain services. It belongs to their social welfare departments. There will be a school, a small health center. We will get some road networks here. But again this type of settlement is controlled by production. The sides of it will be production. There will be agriculture production and mining. Sometimes these villages are closer to the coastal region where fishing has its main source. And sometimes it is closer to the forest area and lumbering there will have economic activity. But all are belongs to the production. Now this is a competitive between the two economies. One of the villages belongs to Pakistan. The right side where we have mud houses. But left side actually belongs to the USA village. So here we have certain things which are better than the developing world. So here we can see the comparative. Why the population in the developing world is more than in a village as compared to the developed world. Because most of the economy of the developing world is controlled by agriculture. So that's why most of the people are living there. So farmland is more than the population. That's why the number of people in the settlement is more. But in the developed world the number of persons is less because the number of rural percentage is less. About 2-3% of persons are living in the farmlands. Now this is the slide belongs to the town which are a medium-sized settlement. Thousands of people live in them and they have a shopping centre and factory. So some of the activities are there. Like repair workshops will be there. Some factories will be there. In which we can say that it is a small scale manufacturing unit. So that's why people are living there. A mining centre can be there. But there will be a high school there. There will be a headquarter or hospital at the district level. So the road network will be there. So the town is better than the village and the facilities are more than the village areas. So it means that we have the type of the economy and the things which are related to the size of the settlements. So both are actually controlled by the area where we have the study of the human settlements. And in this we see that the size of the town is different as compared to the developing world. So the town here in the developing world can have a small hospital. But in the developed world the opportunities there, health facilities can be more. So this is the difference between the two economic conditions and two economies.