 This is a quick demonstration of the superficial structures in the forum cubital fossa and arm specifically some veins and nerves Let's take a look at this vein here in front of us This is a cephalic vein which runs on the lateral side of the forum and Then it runs in the Delta petrol group and we can see that running in the Delta petrol groove here and Then it continues up and then it goes through the Delta petrol triangle and here it pierced Through the Costa Corca membrane to open into the axillary vein. So this is one superficial vein This cephalic vein is a very important superficial vein because it is used for many sections and many punctures And we can see that it is accompanied by this nerve here This is the cutaneous part of the musculocutaneous nerve as it's emerging between the brachialis and the biceps And it runs along and in close proximity with the cephalic vein And therefore when we are doing attempted many puncture here And if there is an extravacation of blood as you can see in this catapher there is extravacation of blood And then it can irritate the musculocutaneous nerve and can produce numbness tingling and peristhesia in this region So this is the cephalic vein now. Let's take a look at yet another vein on the medial side of the arm And I picked it up here This is the basalic vein The basalic vein is formed in a similar way like the cephalic vein on the medial side of the arm And it runs on the medial side and this Runs up and it is it receives a contribution from the cephalic vein and Then it becomes bigger and sometimes it also communicates with the vene Commitantes of the brachial artery and we can see the vene comitantes here We can see one vein here Accompanying the brachial artery and we can see another vein here accompanying the brachial artery These are the vene comitantes of the brachial artery. I picked up one here. I picked up one here So this is a feature of all the venous system of the lower limb and upper limb so these vene comitantes they unite with the Basalic vein and then as it goes up it becomes bigger and bigger and forms an axillary vein Having mentioned the basalic vein Let me give you a quick overview of the surgical landmarks that we use to perform a basalic vene section Because it's quite deep and it's covered by fat. Therefore, we need to have these landmarks in place One landmark is the medial epicondyle where my finger is located The other landmark is the biceps tendon We can feel that in every person. We take a join them with a straight line We take the midpoint of that line and we go one inch above that And we make an incision and when we do that we reach the basalic vein So therefore this landmark and these markings are used to do a many section of the basalic vein and This communication between the cephalic vein and the basalic vein which runs on the surface of the roof of the cubital Forza is called the median cubital vein This pattern that we can see here is referred to as the edge shape pattern We can have a variant pattern in Some people where there's a median anti cubital vein Which then divides into a median basalic and a median cubital? So it is just a matter of semantics. The next point which I wanted to emphasize was this nerve We can see a nerve running with the basalic vein just like there was a nerve running with the cephalic vein this is the Branches the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm Higher up there is another corresponding nerve, which is known as the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm These are both of these are branches from the medial core of the brachial plexus and they'll run along with the basalic vein So when there is this injury to the basalic vein, then these nerves can be irritated The next point I wanted to draw your attention to was this facial structure Which we have cut and reflected this is the biceps Aponeurosis and how do we know if I trace this this is the tendon of the biceps? And we can see that the main tendon is going into the radial tuberosity and it is simultaneously giving an expansion Which is running Inframedially this biceps aponeurosis expansion merges with the deep fascia on the Surface of the forearm and that is this here. This is the pronated muscle This biceps aponeurosis serves several important functions number one It protects the structures in the cubital fossa namely the median nerve and the brachial artery and we can see it is protecting and As you can see this Median cubital vein runs on the surface of the biceps aponeurosis. This is quite often used by paramedics and nurses for many puncture and as you can see in this also They had done attempted many puncture and there has been extravization of blood So therefore this biceps aponeurosis protects the deeper structures from injury and we can see that here Another function of this biceps aponeurosis is by virtue of the fact that it merges with the fascia here It exerts traction and therefore it reduces the pressure of the biceps tendon itself on the radial tuberosity This biceps aponeurosis it forms the roof of the cubital fossa and it reinforces the roof of the cubital fossa and All the veins and the nerves they run on the surface of the biceps aponeurosis So these are some of the rows performed by this biceps aponeurosis and we can see that here So these are some of the superficial structures, which I wanted to show you Thank you very much for watching. If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out