 Thank you, and it's my pleasure to be here and thank the organizers for inviting me for the conference. And my topic is the density and equality of public hair services in Shanghai. And as we all know, and it's the main theme of this conference, that improving the public hair services that are available to all citizens should be pursued as one of the main purposes of a strategy of large-scale urbanization. The changing spatial structure of rapidly growing mega cities in China, coupled with its institutional history and its institutional arrangements, creates a distinct relationship between urban density and the hair care services between the core and the peripheral areas of cities. Firstly, we could see some spatial imbalance of hair services between city core and the outskirt area. And due to the institutional legacy of urban rural separation in China that favored investments and services in cities, urban areas have better hair facilities than rural ones. In most Chinese cities, there is a greater concentration of hair care facilities in the urban core than in the outskirt and administratively linked rural around the area beyond. Take Shanghai for the example that it is for the city core, the number of hospitals and the hair institutions per square kilometer is 9.4. While the average is 0.5 and the fringe of city core is 3.9 and outskirt is 0.6. And for the hospital beds per square kilometers and the physicians per square kilometer have similar distribution. And if we consider the overcrowded and over density in city core, even we take the indicator of the hair service distribution per capita, we can see even the number of hospitals and hair institutions per thousand persons in city core is 2.7 is also far more better than the Shanghai's average. And the hospital beds per thousand people also have two to three times the average of the Shanghai municipality and five to six times is suburban urban area. And this population list here is a permanent population of 23 million. If we just take the whole population of 14 million, the gap is over even more serious. And this figure shows the population density change from 2000 to 2010. The darker color is population density lower than 20,000 per square kilometers. And the circle is lower than 10,000 per square kilometers. And from 2010, the Shanghai's population increased from the 16 million to 23 million. And we can see that in the city core, it is keep stable around 7 million while in the sub outskirts area, it increased very fast from increased almost 7%. So it deteriorates the back inferior situation of hair service in outskirts. And the next point is the spatial imbalance of hair care facilities and services also have impacts on population redistribution process. It not only lowers the success of people living in this new suburban community to hair care but also reduces the motivation of this place of central city residents who contemplate moving. And if we take the example of aging population, the Shanghai's aging degree takes the criteria of 65 years old, the average aging degree in Shanghai is about 10%. While the aging degree in city is 16% to 17% while in the outskirts it is just 6%. But the old people is reluctant to move out because of the poor hair service in city core. And this also have a typical phenomenon of the separation of the resident place because the social welfare is based on the hookup and that deteriorates this gap. And there are also increasing qualities of access to population health service among different people. And this table shows one research conducted in 2006. We can see that from statistical significance that the female have more demanding for hair services and the higher income people have more significant demanding for hair services. And this is logistic regression shows similar findings. And we can see the inequality of hair care facilities and services in an obvious phenomenon of enlarging social inequalities and polar regions. This is between poor and between rich people and there are huge difference between high quality of rights in the community and the poor communities. And another important phenomenon is a large amount of migrants that Shanghai have 9 million migrants while the migrants have less access to medical insurance and medical service. As a result, even though many migrants have lived in Shanghai for a long time, most of them do not have medical insurance and cannot afford to pay for the relative or higher hair service in Shanghai. So this disparity creates a major source of potential social discontent and over time or less health workers. So there are two kind of inequality of health access. One is has access between spatial disparity. One is the disparity among different population groups. For the first kind of inequality, it needed to better planning and make a balance of health provision. And for the second kind of inequality, it is related to the system, related to the institution. So a better government and a better institutional arrangements and a better affording to the demanding of rights of different people is important. Thank you.