 I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education and I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor of the Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls degree college, University of Allahabad and the lecture will be in bilingual mode and will be useful for various teaching examinations to subscribe my channel and today I am going to discuss a very important theory of personality that is Karl Broger's theory of personality. So let's start. Karl Broger's. We are studying personality, we have a concept of personality and we have a very interesting theory of personality on the theory of pride and it is very interesting theory and it is very useful and it is very useful for us. It is very fun to know that such things have been said, there are a lot of researches, there are a lot of critiques and we have to study a lot of theories from which there are Fried, Rogers, Cattle, Isink and Ericsson. So from which I have chosen Karl Broger's. So who was Karl Broger's? Karl Broger's was a humanistic psychologist. We will have to pay attention to this that this personality has become a humanist. Who agreed with the main assumptions of Abraham Maslow. Maybe he is an individual or a student of any discipline but he studies the theory of Abraham Maslow. He studies in management, in education, in psychology, in every discipline I can think of that we study Abraham Maslow's theory. What is Abraham Maslow's theory? That he did not study the theory of self-actualization, that there are many needs, there is a man of hierarchy, there is a clear arrangement of hierarchy and what is his main goal? That he can pass the stage of self-actualization. So Karl Broger's was also a humanistic psychologist and he was very patient. He was patient that what Abraham Maslow was talking about. He believed that humans have a basic motive. He also believed that a man has a basic motive. That is the tendency to self-actualize as Abraham Maslow was saying. That is to fulfill one's potential. So that we can fulfill the potential, the capacity, the ability and the ability within us and achieve the highest level of human beingness we can. And as a human being, we can achieve the highest level of human beingness. As a human being, we can achieve such a basic motive within humans. He believed in Abraham Maslow and that is why he was called a humanistic psychologist. Rojas rejected the deterministic nature of both psychoanalysis and behaviorism. He was the first person to talk about the knowledge of the mind, but he also rejected the behavior of the devils and he rejected the psychoanalysis of the fried. Why? Because psychoanalysis is very deterministic. And behaviorism is only about behavior. Psychoanalysis is about everything, but it is not. And he maintained that we behave as we do. He said that we behave the way we behave as we do. We behave the way we behave because of the way we perceive our situation. And the most emphasis on that is how we perceive the situation. In the same way, we behave the way we behave as no one else can know how we perceive. We are the best experts on ourselves. can't even tell you how we perceive things. It's completely personal. It's completely subjective. No one in the world can know how I perceived an incident. That's why we are the best experts. No one knows anything better than us. According to Karl Rogers. Then what is the self-actualization that Karl Rogers is talking about? He is saying that the organism has one basic tendency. The organism has a basic nature. The basic nature of the organism is what it wants to do. Striving to actualize, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism. That is, the living organism wants to make it better. It wants to be aggressive. This is a basic tendency of the human being. Then what is he saying? He believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization, he is saying that if we want to achieve the state of self-actualization, they must be in a state of congruence. He is talking about congruence. He is saying that there should be a situation in front of the person. Who should be in front of the person? This means that self-actualization occurs when a person's ideal self is congruent with their self-image or actual behavior. We all have some thoughts about ourselves. We feel that we are such people. We feel that we are very honest, we are very good, we are very hard-working, we are very disciplined, we are very punctual, we take things seriously. We have such an ideal self, we think about ourselves. And one is actual self, self-image, which we actually behave. And how does self-image turn into perception of people? What do people say about us? Suppose that I believe that I am a very hard-working person. But the other self-image is that some people say that they don't take things seriously, they don't work well, they don't work hard, they don't work hard, they don't work hard. So what will happen? I believe that I am a hard-working person. But the image that is being made is distorting my image that it is saying that I am not a hard-working person. So what will happen? The situation in front of the person will not be like that. And when the situation in front of the person will not be like that, the state of self-exualization will not be like that. It is the purpose of each person to seek congruence or balance. They are saying that the purpose of the person is to keep the balance. There are three areas in his life. The balance is achieved with self-exualization. Self-exualization will be the balance. And there are three areas. Self-worth, self-image and ideal self. I will talk about these three. Self-worth, what do we give ourselves as? What is our image? What is our ideal form? Look at this. Look at this. It is not touching anywhere. It is not overlapping anywhere. Self-worth is different. Self-image is different. Ideal self is different. So what is this state made of? In congruence. That is, the front is not here. And as long as the front is not here, there will be self-exualization. As long as there is self-exualization, the organism that is there, can not reach the right direction. And when will the congruence state come? When the self-worth has some part of the self-image. Self-image, self-worth. This means there is some common. Ideal self is overlapping. That means, the value we apply about ourselves, the image we have and the motherhood we want, whether we are or we are, they are overlapping each other. Then it is the state of congruence. When there is congruence, there will be balance. When there is balance, there will be self-exualization. When there is self-exualization, things will be better. According to Rogers. You can say that the same personality will come out. Because we are talking about personality here. Then what is self-exualization? Self-exualization is impossible. If these images, especially self-image and ideal self, do not overlap. They are saying that if self-image and ideal self did not overlap, then our state of self-exualization will never come. This is so-called incongruent view. And what will we say that the situation in front was not made. And the role of therapist. Look, the role of therapy has come here. We will have to move forward. We will have to move forward. Because Rogers is very important in counseling. Look, one thing I want to tell you is that when we are in student life, we read things like compartment. We are not able to link that why these things are here and there. Like we used to read psychology, so we used to read Rogers, read his theory, read personality, remove it. Then we used to read the guidance counseling course. Even there, we used to read Rogers in counseling. But sometimes, you can say, we are not able to link that why Rogers is being taught here and there. The theory is that it does not take so much time. It does not take so much time. It does not take so much time. But now you can understand that after this, what is going on with therapy? What will happen in counseling? Why? Because it is one-to-one. We want to counsel our clients in this way. The guidance is a wider area. So therapy is also their job. That is why there is a word therapist or therapy here. So they are saying that when it is incongruent, meaning that our ideal self and our self-image is not able to overlap with each other, then what should be the role of the therapist's therapy? Is to transform this view to a congruent one. This means that we have to go from incongruent to congruent. Both by adjusting person's perception of self-image and self-worth, as well as making an ideal self more realistic. There are three ways. We adjust the perception of our self-image, adjust the self-worth, and make the ideal self a little realistic. If it is around a little distance, then it will match. We have made the ideal self so high that it is not able to reach the self-image and self-worth. Then the self-actualization process will lead to increasing overlap between these areas and will contribute to person's satisfaction with life. Here, this little portion, which is overlap, but here, wider portion has been overlapped. Hence, this state is the state of congruence. This state is the state of incongruence. Here, self-actualization cannot take place. Here, self-actualization can take place. And when self-actualization takes place, everything will be fair and good. Okay? Then self. What do we say about self? Carl Rogers is saying that he is humanistic. He is humanistic. The self is the humanistic term for who we really are as a person. The person we are, the person we are, you have given the name of that person. And if we talk about the fried person, then the big fried person, who is called Super Ego, Carl Rogers is saying that. The self is our inner personality. We are Super Ego. In the same way, he is saying that self is our inner personality and can be linked to the soul or fried psyche. Two primary sources that influence our self-concept are childhood experiences and evaluation. The most influential part of our self-concept is the experience of our childhood. The experience we get in childhood and the other things that we look at, we make our self-image. So, there are three things in the concept of self that I have just mentioned. Self-worth, self-image and ideal self. Self-worth is self-esteem. Comprises what we think about ourselves. Meaning, what we think about ourselves is our value. Rogers, with the feelings of self-worth developed in early childhood sorry and were formed from the interactions of the child with the parents. The concept of self-worth developed in the early childhood of the child and how it was developed. The interaction of the child with the parents with our community with our localities with our neighbors with our relatives then what is self-image? How we see ourselves what we think which is important for good psychological health. If our minds are healthy then we see ourselves well. Self-image includes the influence of our body image and our inner personality. If our body image is good then self-image is good. Self-image affects how a person thinks, feels and behaves in the world. And in this, everything comes that how a person thinks how he feels and what is the ideal self? This is the person who we would like to be. This is the concept this is the imaginary form as we want to be. It consists of our goals and emissions in life and this is dynamic, that is forever changing. What is our goal what are our wishes and that is why dynamic is the most important because what we wanted to be what we wanted to be in our younger stage we didn't want to be in mature stage because our goal means it keeps changing that is why this concept keeps changing that is why it is called static and dynamic. In the concept of self-image self-worth, self-image and ideal self these three things will come. Then what comes to your mind is that we have to talk about what Carl Rogers has said on personality. Why was he a humanistic psychologist? Then deviating from other schools of thought means that other schools of thought which are going on personality on which the conversation is going on humanistic perspective on personality proposes that our motivations are fueled by good intentions with self-efficacy and growth being personal concerns. They are saying that the motivation which we have to pray to God means who is giving it who is giving it good intentions with self-efficacy and growth being personal concerns. Then personality is conceptualized as a framework designed to encourage fully functioning person. Many of us will get a concept like Carl Rogers has said which is a fully functioning person. They say that the personality which they have created should be like that that we get a fully functioning person. Then unlike behaviorism based on behavior humanism is not focused on external influences. Everything which is observable which is behavior which we can observe but humanism doesn't focus on external influences. And unlike the Freudian approach and the Freudian approach because he said that humanism does not emphasize unconscious values but says that everything is being governed unconsciously. Instead, humanism takes a holistic approach to the individual this ethical concerns and value system his choices and his evolving nature. They are saying that humanism is a holistic approach which means that the ethical concerns and value system and choices are evolving as an individual. Then his personality proposes a self-actualizing tendency as a foundation of personality development. We are saying that as soon as he reaches the state of self-actualizing that means his personality will be better. Then among the most significant key points of Rogers approach is its redefining of the therapeutic relationship. He has talked a lot about therapy and his most significant key point is that Bindu is his theory. He is saying that we have to redefine and redefine it. Rogers impacted the School of Humanism by formulating a therapeutic approach known as Client-Centered Therapy. That is why when he was working on it he took out a new approach to the Client-Centered Therapy. Let's talk about it. It is said that a person is open to experience that means that he wants to be more experienced he gives strength on existential living he gives strength on experiences of self-image and your ideal self and self-worth will come in the state of congruence. Creative, fun, real life means that the personality of such an individual will be fully functional according to Rogers. Then what is Client-Centered Therapy? Rogers argued that for the therapist or patient relationship to be effective it must include an intentional relationship built on mutual trust and respect. He is saying that when we have to give therapy to someone then the therapist and the client should have a trust relationship mutual trust and respect then he will share with you then he will build a rapport and will get things out and the problem can be solved. According to him an orderly process of client self discovered in actualization sorry and actualization occurs in response to the therapist's consistent empathic understanding of acceptance of and respect for the client's frame. So here self-discovery and actualization should be done according to client self-discovery and actualization of client self-discovery and actualization of client self-discovery and actualization then also known as non-directive person-centered and rogerian therapy. This is also called non-directive therapy which is also known as rogerian therapy. Then we have read a lot of things like we have read a lot of things like self-ideal, self-worth, self-image which should be congruent then we will have self-actualization and self-actualization then we will have personality. We have read Abraham Maslow and his self-actualization and his hierarchy. But when we solve objective questions then if he will ask us a phenomenal field then we will say we have not studied rogers in our theory then how we will put a tick on a phenomenal field and how we will connect it with rogers. But I will try to put all these things in one lecture so that at least what is a phenomenal field? The reality we observe is really a private world of experience which is said that everything depends on perception. How I perceive it, how I know things, no one else can know. That is why they say that the reality is a private world of experience. It is not a ordinary world of experience, it is my own private. It is a phenomenal field. It is our unique perception that we have perceived. The domain of subjective perceptions that makes up the totality of our experience. And the subjective perception in which our object is called the object is called the object. Because of which our experiences are of that time. This consists of perceived reality. It is said that it is the priority given to what a person understands to be true. When we need to provide therapy, who should we give priority to? The person who is right, according to the person, the perception of reality is rather than what actually is true. This is not the truth. The person who is right, then we can talk to him, then we can deal with him, then we can discuss with him, then we can solve his problems. In accordance to Rogers. Rogers is saying that counseling means that first you enter in a phenomenal field and look at the client's frame. See how many objects have come in. People have come, thoughts, images, behaviors, this environment and learning is getting the individual motivation from here. Contribution. What has Rogers contributed to psychology? Client-centered therapy the most important point. Unconditional positive regard we have to show to the client that we are unconditionally with him. We have not put any conditions that you will do this, then we will do this. You will do whatever you will do right, then we will reach your level and we will be able to take out and tell you the right path. So unconditional positive regard is the foremost you can say foundation store of client-centered therapy. Then egalitarian counseling relationships, reflection as a therapeutic technique and a counseling theory to train on. You have always said that we can give guidance un-trained personnel can also provide guidance. But to provide counseling we have to have training of that. We have to take training for that only then we can be a counselor. Then, okay, I have completed one more topic of personality that is Carl Rogers theory of personality development. I am so sorry because I am yawning. I think I am running out of time. I am not feeling sleepy today. Okay, so thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel and to find this channel in today's program scan to join type explore education. Okay, and join telegram group. When I have completed the concept of personality then I will send you all of them in text, in English and in Hindi. You will get learning material from there. You have to talk to me, you have to give me some feedback. Okay, done from my side.