 This brings us to the second aspect of human psychology that I tend, if given some information in a piece of sentences, I will read only those sentences which appear very relevant to me. The other things I might just glance, but my mind ignores that information as not being relevant. Is that correct? It is under these circumstances, I am not conscious that we have to understand the importance of precisely stated information, importance of its quick dissemination, and importance of its assimilation, and its usage of course in decision making. Like you took a correct decision not to go to that hall 302 because the mail explicitly said there is no lecture, the lectures will start from 12th and 13th. You have received a similar mail from me much earlier. You remember that? For the CS792 or you did not? I had sent it to all first year M Tech, second year M Tech, RS. You did or you did not? You did. How did you not act on it? A large number of students are getting into the hall much later than 8.30. That mail was very precise. It said the class will start exactly at 8.30 and all of you were requested to do all your attendance formalities well before time and be seated before 8.30. Did you not say that? It said very similar information that you received for HS791 but you acted upon that information of HS791 all of you uniformly. But the information which was sent to you ahead of that which all of you had read, all of you did not act upon it. At 8.30 precisely in this hall as per that clock, there were about 30 or 34 students out of a class of about 120. So let us analyze why. I am a student. I act upon one piece of information very diligently but I do not act properly on another piece of information. Can you analyze anybody? I am not blaming anyone. I am just citing facts and I am trying to analyze why is this human behavior so. Nobody can analyze this. This is an obvious reason actually. I can think of two reasons at least. Nobody can figure this out. Yeah, correct. So not attending a class is very useful to me so I record that and act upon it. Attending a class in time is not useful to me so I ignore it. I am being sarcastic. But let us translate what he is observing in slightly different terms. The first information required you not to act, not to attend a class. That is always much easier thing to do in life. Someone tells you do not do this. Fine, you take Nirvana and relax in your hostel. Nothing is required to me. So to act upon that information was absolutely easy. In fact did not require any action on your part. The second one on the other hand required you to wake up early, have breakfast in time, rush to the classroom by 8.20, 8.25, crowd the queue to get yourself registered and sit in your seats by 8.30. Now this is something most of you have never done in life. So this requires extraordinary preparation of mind and body and action. So wherever information requires consulted action and action particularly which I am not used to it is extremely difficult to follow. Please understand that there is no doubt about your intention. If your intention was to bunk the class you would not be here. You agree? So your intention was to attend the class. Your intention was to participate in the activity. But 8.30 in the morning to be precise there etc. etc. is something which I have not done from my childhood. So how can I suddenly start doing it in 2015? Agreed? Information must result in proper action including no action in film. If it does not result in proper action then the information is completely useless. So please appreciate what happens. A, I would wait for the entire class to assemble which is assembled now but I can see 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and this is 8.40. 10 minutes out of a 1 hour session what is the percentage quickly? 60 somebody is saying 60 point something, 16 point. Ah I forgot computer science students unless you have a computer calculator you cannot figure this out. What is 10 minutes as a percentage of 60 minutes quickly? Ah 5. So you have collectively you would have ensured had I not started the class you would have collectively ensured that that much percentage of the total time of the entire class is wasted. It is just wasted. In fact those few sincere people who come in advance do all the formalities and be in their seats by 8.30 would feel like idiots if the class does not start at 8.30. But do other people realize that by coming late they are insulting their colleagues who came in time. Has it ever occurred to you that you are actually insulting those people who come in time? You would never look at it that way. You look at it as an individual activity it is a free country I can come in at any time I want. But when you are working on a collective activity then unless all individuals collectively do precisely what is required to be done the group suffers. I would humbly suggest that if you are not going to act on that information a courtesy email should be sent to the teacher that today I will be 7 minutes late. You are laughing at it. I will tell you my experience of first story that I will recite. In 1994 when the first time I went out in the US where lots of our students so I had an appointment with the CEO of a company at 9 a.m. a student was driving me and there was crowd on that 101 highway in the Bay area and it was very obvious that we will be late by 7 or 8 minutes. So he was constantly looking at his watch and I said that is okay. So he said no sir. He pulled off. He called that person. Apologize saying Professor Fatak will be arriving at 9.15 and then we started we reached there at 9.14. The office of that company was on the 4th floor of a building. In my honor the CEO was standing down below to receive me. Imagine what would have failed if he had been standing like a joker from 9 o'clock and I reached there at 9.14. This is the value of timely action. We often talk why we are not called a developed society although we are reasonably rich and we are progressive and we are smart. One of the reasons is we do not believe in acting on information precisely. We do not have a sense of time. Now how can that be correct? It is a social problem. It is an all India problem. They call it Indian standard time as a joke. But can this be perpetuated? Particularly by a group like yours who are all destined to be leaders in your field whatever you do because you have slogged hard to come to IIT. You will get a good degree. You will do something fantastic. How can you do something fantastic if you have not learned to be careful about your activities with respect to time and with respect to responsibility to your own colleagues in the group? You agree? So do we have to wait till the entire nation adapts precision in its behavior or do we as individuals say come what may. I do not care what the rest of the world does. But I will practice this discipline myself. Can we do that? Because if I want to do something great in life I need to learn to be precise because that is how all the people who have done great things in life have molded themselves. They have disciplined themselves to work on time. They have disciplined themselves into disseminating information. If there is any event which will say I will be delayed for this activity. They do feel that they are insulting their group colleagues if they do not arrive in time for a particular act. If you work with this feeling not that I am just late so what but that by my going late I will at least be disturbing the class if it is going on. And if for some reason the teacher is waiting because large number of students have not turned up then I am actually insulting those few colleagues who arrived in time. Remember the world insult. Would you like to be insulted like this? So do we have right to insult anybody else? No. This means that you will have to practice to get up early morning on Tuesdays and do not tell me that you are all mischa-char therefore you sleep very late in life. I myself sleep at 3 o'clock or 5 o'clock. Of course I have luckily a good wife who kicks me out of the bed in the morning whenever I have lecture. You do not have wives or husbands but you can not all of you at least maybe some research call us a married they might have the advantage of a spouse waking them up. But there are alarm clocks there are friends there calls and please add 15 extra minutes to whatever preparation time you require in the morning has called a buffer time. But I would hate to see this class not filled with 100 percent students by 8.25 on Tuesday morning. And I am not suggesting this because something extraordinary is going to happen in this class. We are going to discuss simple mechanisms of effective communication. But believe me those mechanisms are going to be useful to all of us all of you. And the first mechanism that I am talking about is information is dissemination and resulting action. So perfect communication please be in the classroom seated by 8.30 any ambiguity in that mail yet you did not act on it because that requires changing of your normal behavior. The other mail we said the classes will start on 12th January. You acted upon that information immediately and instantly because as he pointed out no action was required. But do you agree that for a professional actually doing concerted action which requires some trouble on my part is more important in life than not taking any action. So remember this that was the first thing all right. Let me come to the next topic stories. All of you would have read stories novels anybody who has never read a story or never read a novel. Nobody I have never read a story. God bless you how do you survive. Your stories not only bring interest in life but many times they leave indelible marks on our mind and our thinking. So you really I mean you would have read some story at least I will tell you you have studied in school. No no you have studied in school right. Every school book at least in some standard will have some stories. I now understand why he says he has not read story because those lessons he studied as a study. He did not study them as a story. You had the point. So you have already learned and mastered the art of distinguishing between work and story. That is not correct. Stories are intrinsic part of our life. Stories about anecdotes about instances that happen are often very instructive. If nothing else the stories are very entertaining and they kindle some kind of imagination in our mind which could be very useful in other dimensions of our activities kindle imagination because that is what you know fuels all your creative thinking. So let me digress and tell you a story about engineering challenges that the world faces in 21st century. Have you heard of these? National Academy of Engineers of United States about 7 or 8 years ago published 14 grand challenges in engineering. Don't worry if you are not read about it. Don't feel bad. I also had not read about. Recently I was a member of delegation of the Indian National Association of Engineers and that is where I came to understand these and then when I read those I realized what kind of thinking that has gone behind that worked for 2 or 3 years. This declaration of 14 grand challenges came after the same association had published some 10 extraordinary achievements of the previous century. 10 or 20 I don't know. It is worthwhile reading. So please go to the site which is National Academy of Engineers in the United States. One of the grand challenges incidentally is advanced individual learning or advanced personalized instruction which is all related to education. Today the education works in a manner which is a hold all solution, one solution for all. So there will be class from 830 to 930. Exactly the same material in the same pace will be given to everyone. If I give a lecture in the classroom later on if I am a slow sort of adopter or absorber I go back to my hostel and I try to think about what this teacher said. Unfortunately I can't rewind the teacher and listen to him or her again but the technology permits you to do that. That is the first step in permitting individuals to learn at their own pace. But there are major challenges because different people learn differently. So this is one of the grand challenges of engineering which the National Academy of Engineers in United States has postulated and we propose to do something about it. The delegation is now working on defining grand challenges in engineering for India and they will be disseminated. But an important aspect of all those grand challenges for example they use they list solar energy, clean water for all, personalized medical health care etcetera etcetera. And curiously if you look at any grand challenge every grand challenge involves multidisciplinary efforts to solve those problems. That is the requirement of the world. In what fashion is the educational system moving? We are moving into silos and ghettos. So you are all computer science students right. How many of you have studied basic engineering courses in your B.Tech days or B.E. days? Several of you. How many of you remember the first and second law of thermodynamics? Very few because you would have been studying computer science or I.T. and your mind would have rejected all inputs which are not related to Java programming or compilers or something like that. Agreed? This happens because we have been led to believe that our job is to specialize only in one area which is correct. The human knowledge is growing so rapidly that growth of the body of knowledge in any one field is astronomical and just to deal with it you have to create these disciplines. At one time there was no engineering disciplines. There was just one engineering which was incidentally mechanical engineering which is called the mother of all engineering. Just at that one time there was science. There was no physics, chemistry, etc. Before that there were philosophers. They were called philosophers because they have dabbled in science, they have dabbled in maths, they have dabbled in some engineering or whatever. But these nomenclatures came later. Unfortunately we have become slaves of these nomenclatures. We have actually closed our minds to inputs from all other disciplines without realizing that we do require inputs, we do require knowledge, we do require awareness of multiple fields in order to solve a problem. So Professor Richard Miller actually gave a very interesting description of how the education ought to be and how it is. So I will draw you those three circles, very interesting circles. The first circle he says is engineering and science. Engineering and science permits you to actually work out a solution to a problem in all its technical details. Whether it is possible to construct a solution to solve a problem or not, technical. So it defines what we may call feasibility. Is it feasible to solve a problem? So that is what technology does. There is another dimension, commerce and finance. So mobile technology solves the problem of communication. But the mobile technology will not get adopted by the society at large unless there is an economical system behind. So unless those devices are mass produced at affordable prices, unless the wireless network is implemented again requiring finance and nobody can finance. It is not a Dharamshala that the world runs. So anybody who puts a finance would require a profit. So an ecosystem is required and that is why finance and commerce is absolutely mandatory for any solution to become viable in the society. So commerce and finance tells us about the viability. You would agree that without ensuring viability of a solution, the greatest of technical research is useless because it will never see the light of the day. It will never go to people. And then there is a third dimension. The third dimension is that of humanities and arts. What does this dimension add? This dimension tells you about what is desirable to be done in life by human being. This dimension tells you to regard a story as a story and not as a study material. This dimension tells you to enjoy a poem and to learn the mental state of the poem, what the poet is trying to describe. This tells you about your concerns which are natural about fellow human being as to how exactly why exactly you have to do something for all those people. Humanities and arts therefore is a dimension of study of understanding which tells me the desirability of doing any action. Nuclear energy can reflect itself in terms of bombs which were dropped in Nagasagya and Hiroshima. Nuclear energy also reflects itself into affordable energy for large number of people. Every technology practically is a double-edged sword. It depends upon what we wish to do and what we actually do and what is desirable to be done would not be conveyed to the humanity without the study of humanities and arts and social sciences. You agree with this analysis? This is what Professor Richard Miller presented. I agreed immediately with it. His contention was that today's education is so siloed that the people who study this will generally not be aware of the commerce and finance. People who study this or this will generally not be particularly interested in humanities and arts. But if you want to solve grand challenges, not necessarily those fourteen which the American Association has listed, but any grand challenge in your own lives, something that you want to do fantastically for people, come up with a fantastic solution which is actually implemented and used by people, then would you not agree that unless the dimensions of desirability, viability and feasibility are all collectively answered, you will not be as successful as you ought to. His contention therefore is that this intersection is a very small intersection to it. I would regard our educational system, our teachers, me included to be responsible for this. So I started recalling that every year when I teach a course, in any course that I teach on a particular subject, do I spend five percent of the time of the total class in discussing these other issues on how this subject relates to the larger problems? I do not because my job is to cover the syllabus, complete it in appointed hours. Now that is the mistake that is happening across the country and probably across the globe. This is one of the reasons why I said stories are important. So I would urge our friend to look at stories as stories. Actually you perhaps do, but you are not aware of this yourself. Because it is impossible for a human being not to enjoy a story. Some chutkula somewhere, you would have, anyway. Now stories of variety of kinds, some stories are meant for entertainment and they are pure fiction. But there are anecdotes, there are events that happen in our lives, there are events that happen in somebody else's life. And when we read about those events, when we read about those actions, something starts in our mind, something starts in our heart. That is something that is worth emulating. That is something that is worth doing something about. Don't you agree? Of course because we are so busy in our siloed environment that after some time we ignore that and get back to not attending a class if the mail says don't attend or going late for a class if the mail says commit it. Because that is what we resort to, that is our normal way of doing it. However, it might be useful to recall such instances in our own lives. It is not something that we have done, but something that we have seen other people around us doing. Some events, some anecdotes, some instance which were instructive to us. Now lessons learned from such anecdotes, such instances could be very many and they could affect us differently. A particular characteristic that I would like you to emphatically look at in such anecdotes are characteristics related to ethical behavior and characteristics related to aspirations. These two are different dimensions of human characteristics. What is aspiration? Everybody knows this word because I understand that several people could have problems with English. Everybody understands what an aspiration is. So, tell me, you tell me. So, aspiration is expectation to achieve something in life. Everybody agrees? There could be other sets of definition that you can give, but generally this is what is meant by aspiration. Each one of you has aspirations, but you would have seen many other people in your life who have displayed aspirations which are very commendable for the situation in which those people are. Have you seen such instances? I will tell you a story about a boy I met about 15 years ago. I was asked to, at that time I had just set up the school of IT and I was asked to give a lecture in Marathi on information technology. It was called Mahiti Tantradnayan. I myself did not realize that Mahiti Tantradnayan is Marathi translation of Inpervisible. But I prepared, I was told that these are 9th, 10th, 11th standard students mostly from tribal areas surrounding Thana. The event was in a place called Vada which is not very far off from here. I went there. I gave the talk. I prepared very well. I think the talk went well. Some very intelligent questions were asked about 300 students, boys and girls. You would clearly see that they were all from tribal areas. They were not, they were dressed in very, I mean you could describe them as poor of the poor. But yet they were smart. Their eyes were sparkling. And they asked some intelligent questions. At the end of the lecture when I came out, I was actually get out by these kids and people wanted to take my autograph. I had never given autograph. I felt like a movie star that day signing autograph, autograph. One boy was standing there. So I asked him, you need my autograph? He says, no. I want to ask you some questions. I said, fine. I asked him to wait. I said, I will answer you. After about 3 or 4 minutes the organizers came in rushing saying, the chief guest was the local MPs waiting for you for a cup of tea. He has to go and he also said you have to reach back early. So I sort of apologised, finished that signing, gave that paper and started walking. And this boy held my hand. He said, sir you promised to answer my questions. So I said, sorry boy, but the chief guest is waiting and so on. Then he said, but sir I have walked 10 kilometers to listen to you. I stopped in my track. I looked at him and I said why did you walk 10 kilometers? He says, oh I walk 6 kilometers every day to my school. And I asked him, I remembered because I had friends. I myself studied in 14 different schools in Madhya Pradesh for different reasons. So I have friends who used to walk like that, but now, I mean year 2000. So I asked him, why you don't you have in your village facilities like ST bus, Tum Tum, something, something. And he remarkably said, ahit pan par vadat mein. The facilities exist, but my family cannot afford. And then proudly said, but sir, I come first in my class. So I told that organiser to please go and give the cup of tea to the MP. I am not interested, I am going to spend some time with this boy. So I asked him, what does he want to know? He says, I want to become an expert in information technology. Tell me what should I study, what should I do? Which standard do you study? 9th standard. So I said, 9th standard okay, so 10th, 11th, you are studying science, yes. Do science and Maxwell. I told him about joint entrance exam. I told him to prepare for the joint entrance exam. I told him to prepare for what you call the competitive examinations. I said, you become a good engineer, join computer science or IT and you will become an expert eventually after spending a few years as a profession. And then just as a parting thing, I asked him, why do you want to become an expert in IT? I knew the answer. The answer was that the probability of getting an extremely well paid job is very high if you become an IT profession. So that would have been the answer, that is what I will explain. You know what that boy told me? I will first tell you in Marathi what he said. Sir, you have set up a company like Infosys. I want to set up a company bigger than that in Information Tech. Do you realize the aspiration? I accidentally met that boy. He is absolutely nothing. Economically, he can't afford to travel comfortably to his place of study. Walk six kilometers. I don't know what the school is, but I can almost guarantee that teachers would never have heard of Information Tech. There is one teacher who had announced in the previous evening, it seems, that some professor from IIT Bombay is coming and is going to talk in Marathi on Information Technology. That is why this boy had walked on a Sunday, 10 kilometers to listen. But can you believe in that aspiration? Now, this boy stands first in his class. There would be first, second, third, fourth, I mean the top performers in his class, several people. He would be division A, there would be division B, division C. There would be 10th standard, 8th standard, 11th standard. How many boys and girls? All of you would have done well in your schools. Do you not remember that there would be several boys and girls in your school, your classmates, who were equally talented? Not all of them could get into IIT. Not all of them could get to do what they wanted to do. But don't you agree that they would have strong aspirations? Now, come to the aspirations of such people. How many villages in this country? Do you know the number? My God, you don't know how many villages India has? City dwellers, all of us have become city dwellers. Six lakh villages. There is at least one elementary school in every village or at least several in a panchayat. How many panchayats are there? Do you all understand what a panchayat is? Everybody. Sure. You tell me what a panchayat is. Sorry, a committee. My God, who appoints the committee? Elections. He is not very sure, but tentatively he is saying that maybe elections. Yeah. Panchayat is the lowest form of democratic government, the lowest unit of democratic government, which works for a block or a group of villages or a group of towns or water. And panchayats are, panchayat representatives are elected representatives. Just like your chief minister of state or a prime minister of a country, you have the panchayat promote of that village or that panchayat, who takes all activities including financial decisions, et cetera. So there are 1 lakh panchayats, 100,000 panchayat. A middle school exists in every panchayat. How many boys and girls who have, who would have aspirations like that, a large number and who have no means to satisfy those aspirations? And yet they have decided to struggle. Now, this story told me that, Patak, if you are getting food to eat twice a day comfortably, you are getting a fat salary, you are living very, very comfortably. Should you not do something for a large number of such people who have such extraordinary aspirations and ability and talent to back up those aspirations and do something? You may not set up a company, but don't you agree that he will do something extraordinary? Now, what do we do for the such boys and girls? So I simply rededicated myself to the task of education because that's what we can. It had a very profound impact on, I'm sure you would have come across similar situations which would have had a profound impact on you. But do you remember those instances? Do you remember those incidences? And do you do something about those incidents? That's the question. While stories are to be read for entertainment, while stories are to be read for general awareness of what is happening, for enjoying them and learning something about it, I think some stories are also meant to move us so much as to result in very concrete, concentrated action for decades on our behalf. All of us have known about Mahatma Gandhi, right? How many of us know that Babu Rajendra Prasad, the first president of India, was actually a thriving practitioner of law? He was a very rich lawyer, very rich lawyer. During the Champaran movement, Mahatma Gandhi went and stayed with Rajendra Prasad for three days. At the end of three days, Rajendra Prasad was a completely different man. How many of you know when Rajendra Prasad died, he had zero property on him? Nothing. He donated everything that he had to the Quit India movement, joined Congress and remained steadfast, committed to life of austerity for the nation. Such is an impact that a person like Mahatma Gandhi could have. We unfortunately do not have Mahatma Gandhi roaming around and agreeing to stay with us for three days to transform us. But do we need Mahatma Gandhi? Can such stories not instill some imagination, some creativity and some different thinking and some different commitment in our life? That is the issue about story. In next five minutes, I will, will somebody distribute these pages? Have these been distributed? What happened to the other pages? Okay, distribute one page to everyone. They are here, about 200 or so. There are similar anecdotes that would happen in our lives, which will teach us lessons in ethics. Everybody is familiar generally about what ethical behavior is. Ethical behavior is correct, lawful behavior or is there something more than that? So, can anybody describe ethical behavior? Let some girl try to answer this. What would you understand by ethical behavior? No, no, you are describing what would happen if you do not lead an ethical life. I am asking you to describe what is ethical behavior? How will you characterize ethical and non-ethical behavior? Not very easy. Anybody else who can explain what ethical behavior? How you understand ethical behavior? Not cheating is one. What was the other thing that you mentioned? Using wrong means to achieve something, achieve something for self. It is only one problem. How do you define wrong? Right and wrong. I mean, for 4,000 years, humanity is struggling to define what is right and what is wrong. Not easy. So, first of all, right and wrong is most easily defined in terms of laws of the land. If the law says that it is wrong to barge into somebody else's house, pick up a television set and walk out, that the law calls theft. It is punishable. Law says that I can't shoot at a person. That is called killing, murder. I may be hanged. So, the law defies what is right, what is wrong. If there is no law of the land as enshrined into Indian Penal Code, for example, there are rules and procedures. For example, not cheating. So, in an examination, you shall not look into the neighbor's notebook. It is a rule and if I do look into the neighbor's notebook and copy whatever that neighbor has written and if I get caught, then there is a punishment. Great penalty is there. These are rules. So, every human society attempts to guard against misbehavior or unethical behavior by making rules, laws and such things. However, not all ethical behavior can be captured precisely into rules and laws. There is the display of an ethical behavior beyond law and rule. How many of you have come across such instances of human behavior which is beyond law and rule and which tells you something special about? So, let me share with you two stories only. Then we will close for the day. By the way, no, I will tell you later as you go out. I have given you a blank page. So, I will ask you what is to be done with that page towards the end. I have n number of stories. In fact, I will send you a link on the mail. I was interviewed some years ago by the IIT magazine. So, I had given an interview and I quoted a lot of anecdotes there. But I will tell you two instances. One, both of them relate to the academic life. Both of them have occurred on this campus. One relates to a teacher. One relates to a student. And both are very instructive. The first one happened in mid-70s, a colleague of mine, a very senior colleague, Professor Sinha, Physics Department. He was a warden of hostel 7. His family had gone home during the summer and he used to take lunch in hostel 1. So, I could often see him because the computer science and engineering department is next to math department and I used to stay on that side. So, we will often cross. And I would see Professor Sinha walking towards hostel 1 or walking back. Now, I knew that as a warden of hostel 7, he used to regularly visit that hostel once and always. I also knew that hostel 7, 4 was considered the best after hostel 1 in those days. Hostel 1 was hostel of rich people, you know. Hostel 1 was called the postgraduate hostel. There were no other postgraduates in any other hostel, only in hostel 1. And all postgraduate students have been characterized by the fact that government used to give them a lot of money. So, they did not depend upon their parents and therefore their mis-bill used to be high. They used to enjoy life. The food was good. So, I asked Professor Sinha jokingly, that what is Sinha sir, why don't you eat in your hostel? Why don't you come to hostel 1? And he gave a very remarkable answer. He says, Patak sir, I am a warden. There people will see me eating, but no one will see me giving money. He realized what he said. He said that people will see me eating food there. But people will see me paying. It means that students in that hostel might wrongly believe that because he is a warden, he is eating free food in my hostel. He would never do that. But it was important to ensure that people do not get a wrong message. So, he changed his behavior. He used to walk to hostel 1 in addition to going to hostel 7 every day to eat his food. Because in hostel 1, it was very clear that you have to pay for the food if you don't belong to the hostel if you are not a mess member. Don't you agree that this is an ethical behavior which transidents to some extent the rules and laws. You could have, of course, eaten in hostel 7. He could have paid as he would have paid. But in order to make sure that not only he acts right, but he is seen to be acting right, he chose to do this. Don't you agree that this one extra step is actually an important part of ethical behavior. The other story I will tell you about a student about 5 years ago, I think when I was teaching CS 101. It was a unique experiment which did not succeed. I decided to conduct the class for all 900 students in convocation hall. Said we can have one class. We don't need to spread them into two semesters because the dean said do the experiment. Luckily IIT Bombay permits such experiment. So in that large classroom, you know convocation hall right. So some obvious things happened. I mean the number of people who would sleep, the percentage did not increase in the class. But because you are 900 students, you could identify a set of back benches where people had come only to sleep. The CS 101 is sleep. Now in that class, after the mid-same examination, the mid-same exam was I think for 45 marks or something, I announced a list of 10 top performers called it list of honors. So honor list had 10 students. I have put their roll number, names and marks. And I asked each one to get up there are some clapping toppers. So the list I think was about 40, 4.5 to 42.5 something like that. And I finished that. At the end of the class as I was walking off the person sitting in the first bench said sir, my friend will also be there in that list. So I said why but he says in the creep session he has given his answer book for rechecking. He had solved a problem which was not corrected by them and he is sure to get 2 marks and his score will be some 43.5. So I said very good. Ask him to write an email to me and I will update my honors list. Two days later I get the following mail from him. His paper was corrected. That mistake was found that TA brought that paper. Our senior TA had corrected that, awarded 2 marks and recorded 2. So as per our official records, his marks were 43.5 now. The mail that I got was very funny. He said my friend told me to inform you when I get back my answer book. I got my answer book today and they have corrected the mistake and they have increased the marks 43.5. However I was just cross checking once again my paper and I found out that the original totaling done by TA was wrong. And he had actually awarded 2 extra marks because they are wrong totaling. So my correct marks are only 41.5 and not 43.5 which you may kindly note. How many students you know who would do this? Knowing fully well that they record of the course now indicate 43.5 papers have been written. There is absolutely no compulsion for that student to come back and divert this information. And worse that student was most probably playing with his own grade because 2 marks could mean a great difference in CS 101 and 950 strong class. In the next lecture I actually put up his name, his roll number did not put up the marks. And I said this is an additional on this list and recited the story. And I asked the class do you agree that this person should be in the on this list? The big yes sir. Then I asked this boy to stand up. He very sheepishly stood up, very shy person. But when he stood up the clapping from the entire class was the loudest, louder than the actual toppers. Can you guess why? Because all of us respect ethical behavior when we see. And this ethical behavior which transcendence rules is beyond rules. Don't you agree that this was a great instructive instance for the entire class, for me, for everyone? To have the guts to say I don't care if I don't get marks. But I will not have something for me which is by wrong means not because the rest of the world may be able to catch me. But because I believe that I should not do it long time ago in a army selection board one major was telling us that you purchase a railway ticket. Not because otherwise the TC will catch you. But because you are traveling and therefore you ought to purchase it. I would like you to recall such instances in life, such anecdotes which I am sure would have happened. Not concerning your own ethical behavior that I presume is absolutely top class. If it is not you better mend your way. But I am talking about such instances in life in the form of a story and write that story. It could be a very short story. You have to recall from your childhood. But do you agree that if you stretch your mind you will be able to recall some instances where you have seen some people behaving in a perfectly ethical manner which was probably not warranted to the extreme manner in which they behave. But because those were the people at least in that instance of time they believed in being extraordinarily ethical and therefore they left a lesson for us. We agree that there is an advantage in recalling such instances. So this is the task for the day. The one sheet paper that has been given you are required to write a story your top line of the page should contain your roll number and name so that you are identified. Of course you do not have to write it now. But you have to write it within the next 24 hours and submit it in a box which will be kept here from 9.25 onwards. The class starts at 9.30. How many of you have a lecture from 9.30 to 9.25 tomorrow? Nobody. Sorry, Thursday. Not 24 hours so it is 48 hours. Good, you get bonus time. So 48 hours. But how many of you have a lecture on Thursday morning at 8.30? 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Only 5 people 6. And where is this lecture? In the and who is the teacher? Professor Sundar. So if I request Professor Sundar to leave the class sharp at 9.25 then you will be able to rush in 5 minutes. But barring these 6 people may I expect that every student is in his or her seat well before 9.30. If there is a class in this classroom before that then of course our life depends upon the previous teacher leaving the class in time. We will hopefully do that. So remember this on this page you will write your roll number and name and then you will write a story. It need not be a long story. This story cannot exceed the bounds of this leaf that you have been given. So in the worst case you may want to go on to the other side of the page and prefer if you can restrict it to one page. Of course because the font size is under our control I can write very very small letters and write may be 3000 words on a single page. For God's sake do not do that. Write normally as you would write. So this is also an assignment for you for me to understand how well you can write. How well you can write a story which is not from a textbook or anything you have described an incident that has happened in your life and in a concluding 2 line or 3 line of that story you might write what lesson you think that incidence brought to your thinking. Is that a fair assignment? Good. So we will do that. On the next Thursday lecture I will discuss the entire course organization and the various topics that we will discuss in the class. I am sorry we are almost 5 minutes late. I apologize. Please leave.