 So, today's session is about the third stage of the presentation part which is the impress and which deals about the look and feel of the presentation. By the way, I have received some emails from people saying that they have not submitted their presentations yet which is okay as I announced last time that you can go through this class and then probably polish your presentation. So those of you who have submitted already can resubmit it after today's class because you may want to change certain things after looking at this talk today. So we are going to talk about the impress part which deals with the entire look and feel and although this may be a kind of very rapid primer on visual basics but you may just want to add on to it according to your experience also. So you are free. Color has various meanings associated and it changes from society to society. But here what we are talking about the technical presentations, we do not have to really worry about the context too much but it definitely has an impact. So while using some bright colors, be sure of what you are using it for, is it conveying the right message you want to say because color will immediately attract attention for various reasons. It can be creating a mood, it can be expressing something and it has a meaning. So people associate color with certain meaning. So very, very carefully you have to choose some basic guidelines, more of the contrast, more readability. Like you saw on the top, the headline is gray. So gray and white is a low contrast image. So therefore you could not read it when the projector was not working well. But the black text was very much visible whatever the quality of projector could be. So these things make a lot of difference when you are put up into various situations and you have not tested it. So you just go with a pen drive somewhere and start a presentation. Invariably you will be unable to do whatever you wanted to do because of these issues. So remember this. Another thing is that for a room which is like this, which is brightly lit, everybody is under the same illumination. Then use black text on white, which the thing what you see here. The reason being if you, in a dim lit room, like there are certain rooms I have seen that entire room is dark and only the area where the speaker stands has the lights. So in such a room it becomes very difficult for the, this kind of text because this white area of the background really hits your eyes and you have to keep your pupils wide open in order to grasp all this. It becomes a strenuous affair after a point. So normally for a dim lit room use anything which is dark background and use white text on it or suitable color text on it. The colors with lot of vivid thing and now at least we are saved because of certain good quality projectors. The vividness is controllable. Earlier if you probably have noticed there is to be a bleed of color. So if you put a red on something you should, you could see the color bleeding out. Now it's slightly manageable. But more importantly let's just, let's just check this. While selecting fonts it becomes a kind of very difficult thing for certain people for the reason that especially for neutral topics you really don't have to worry about too many fonts. And one of the common mistake people do is using a script font in capitals. That is the worst thing to do and most of the time I see that whenever you write even commonly made mistake is in certificates and if it is IIT Bombay certificate then you write certificate looks very good and even from IIT Bombay if you write that IIT Bombay completely in capitals in a script format then it looks very odd not readable at all. So think about the entire matter when you select a font. Don't think about a certain word which looks good. So for example if I ask you which one of these options is the most suitable for the word military first one or the fourth one which one will you choose? First one, second one, okay. And if I ask you instead of that I use the last one on the soft. How many people agree to that? Because that's a stencil cut and you associate this thing. But again you cannot write your entire script in that stencil format because it only comes in capitals and your readability is really compromised after a point. So such things are very good for just the heading part but most of the time use neutral fonts. Now when you use fonts remember one important thing is that computers and operating systems are not constant everywhere. So whatever you create even if you create a PDF and you port it to some other operating system where that combination of fonts is not available it will substitute it with some other fonts and there will be some very bizarre fonts substituted which you don't have control on and it will show up very badly on whatever computer you are using. It has happened n number of times that I am sure that okay because I have made a PDF it should not ruin my presentation but it doesn't happen that way. Most of the time it takes a toll on this thing. So use very neutral fonts and check before you actually start your presentation. Another important thing is that standard set of fonts. Standard set of fonts will be the one which will be installed in every system and most of the time it's a very healthy combination of serif and sans serif fonts. Just to go slightly in detail I think that they preserve why they have mentioned about this. Any font having this on the top these two places is called a serif font and the one without that is called a sans serif font. So the edge in this font will look like this and on the contrary it will look like this in a sans serif font. So these are two very very basic types of fonts which will be available. Thumb rule says that for anything which is printed and to be seen by holding in hand use serif fonts. They are more readable that way. This is for print but again I emphasize it is not for print for a longer viewing. It is for the book or a paper kind of thing which you are holding in your hand but if you have something to be projected and seen from a distance then sans serif font is preferable and the reason is obvious because you don't have this thick and thin the readability is very high if you look at it from a distance. So that is the reason that you use serif and sans serif judiciously. Whenever you are put into the situation you don't have this either of them. See what you are describing is a generic thing. So one observation is that it would necessarily mean whenever I prepare a document I must prepare two versions. One for print and one for projection or display. Generally what happens is if I prepare my slides I take a print out of the slide. For slides I have used sans serif then that is what will get printed. So I should prepare two versions to be ideally correct. Number two sans serif and serif are generic names. What I think all of us would like to know is names of few fonts explicitly. So if you could prepare a list separately and circulate that that would be more useful. I think his question was that he wanted to know the names of fonts I started off with this so that you at least know about the classification first of all. And just to tell you two names of each. So for print you have this very very common times roman. And another variant which I personally like for this thing is called palatino. So these two fonts are specially preferred whenever a serif font is used. On the other side for sans serif font the one which I prefer most of the time is helvetica. But there is very popular font which is arian. By the way just to give you some backgrounder on this typography. When helvetica is a very old font it was invented in the ages of the cradle machine where the printing was done using each character which was cast in metal. And the sentences were created by putting one character each. So there was no computer there was no typing or something like that. So every character was actually picked up by hand from a tray and a sentence was made and that was tied up and the impression used to be taken on the paper. So that was called a very very old technique of printing. Helvetica was designed in that age and roman fonts were designed in that age. But when computers were introduced especially Microsoft introduced windows they wanted a font for both the things. So times roman they got very easily. But to buy helvetica helvetica actually refused and they didn't sell it to Microsoft windows. So the designers at windows told the typographers to design a font which looks exactly like helvetica but which is not helvetica so that they will just bypass the process of buying a font and the font which was born was aerial at that time. And the story goes that they deliberately they named it aerial starting from A. Sorry any font list it will appear first. And that is how aerial has become most used font in the world right now. And if you ask any typographer in fact I have seen applications getting rejected because aerial was used instead of helvetica. So that is the kind of hate what typographers have for this font of aerial. Anyway for the digression. But coming back to typography how do you lend emphasis when you want to say something in your text. So how many people of amongst you are avid readers of novels? You read that. If you notice novels will be printed always in one font one color right. There won't be any jazz about not even pictures they just have text pages after pages. And there is hardly any emphasis given in that. So maximum what they do to give emphasis probably they'll bold it or they'll retaliate right. So there are many versions available so you can you can lend emphasis by by making it bold. You can make it italics. You can underline it right. In fact that this emphasis of underlining was the only emphasis available when the typewriters were there. There are no bold font there because they used to only one set of typing keys there. The only way you could do is that go back to that world and then press underscore couple of times till you actually get that line. So that was the only way of emphasis. And another thing because of digital medium we have is to add color right. So in a sentence if you have one colored word you can make it give the required emphasis. However the mistake okay color technique is not used in sorry normal documents. Yeah formal documents you don't use color. Yes exactly. So you use all other techniques because you have to depend on the end user. They may not have a color printer. So they may print on a grayscale printer and this color will not show up at all. So you use the other techniques the problem happens when in a presentation. So I am now changing from document to a presentation suppose. The problem happens when you do this. You do a bold italic underline and also change the colors. It's over emphasis right. You don't require all that. But I have seen empty number of cases where you have bold and color change or underline and color change. So you don't require over emphasis. I think that story of what you narrated last time is a interesting anecdote. So press of attack was setting up a paper for CS subject. And that was the age when the papers were typed by the type writing people at the office. And then it will be cyclostyled and there was no photocopying machine that time. So the handwritten paper has to be given to the typist. The typist will type it and then checked by the faculty member it will be gone for cyclostyled. So press of attack goes there gives that handwritten paper to the typist. The typist starts typing and he just laughs at a point and then continues typing. So press of attack asked him well what's the problem. There's something funny about it said nothing leave it. I'm just I'll just do my job. But press of attack being a curious person like he is he said please tell me what is what is the whole point why you laughed at this. He said I'm sorry to say but I would like to point out one sentence in your paper. There are instructions on top right. Everybody knows that for solving the paper. So one of the instructions read use of calculators strictly prohibited. So he said yes I don't want them to use calculators said I understand that but can you tell me the meaning of word prohibited. So are there levels in prohibition like slightly prohibited or more prohibited prohibited is prohibited. You cannot use calculator that's all why do you write strictly behind that prohibit it doesn't add any emphasis to it right. So this is an example of over emphasis. You can use it very judiciously. But the moment you overdo it it starts showing up very odd way on screen or on in a dog. Okay. Let me put it this way. There would be always individual occasions when different people will use different things. I think first we should understand in general what should we ever approach in specific cases different choices of individuals will always happen. Let us not generalize on the basis of a few odd samples that we see here and there. Our job is to understand what should we ever general approach. So let us first discuss that. And to clarify I'll give you one more example. If you notice italics is typically used in peculiar condition of quoting somebody right. So I said something like this or he said and then you put italic or it's a in entire document. There is a word from different language. For example, president of India has launched such a ball. So such a ball suddenly becomes italic. That's a Hindi word in a English document. Now it's because that is a connotation attached to usage of italic. If you want to give something else because it's not a English word, but we want to emphasize it in a different way that you can use a combination of bold and italic. But because otherwise it will be treated as a foreign word entering into your English sentence or something like that. People may think in that way. It's up to the person who is designing that document to take their own calls. But it should be in tune with the normal reasons why people use different emphasizes. So if I use underline for a website probably because it has become a hyperlink thing now. So the moment I underline something people think that this is a website. So common example is the documents are uploaded here and the here word is underlined. So you know that it has a hyperlink and you can go to that website. In a document, you cannot read that whatever that website was because that here gets printed as a piece and with underline. So what can you do with that? You can't do anything. So such things will matter when you use and these are some of the what you can say some patterns which are emerging. So they are not very much cast in stone. They are just humor. So the other guidelines are to use very, very minimum number of fonts and also use font options to emphasize. But like I just said, you can leave it to you. One thing which I think I missed it is in this is use less number of variations in the font size. And this is important especially in the presentations also in documents because you have excellent choices given by the word processing web softwares. So if you use word or if you LibreOffice or whatever, it will always give you the like what is the title and what is the subtitle and all that. Please don't try to fiddle around with their settings because they have brought up to that level after a lot of research and a lot of testing with users. What what could be the title and what could be the combination of the font and emphasis if it has to be a subtitle. So they have done a lot of research on that. So don't ever try to change it or even better. Don't try to create your own use any ready made template available and just go ahead with it. That's most easy way of creating good looking documents. The last point is what is missed by a lot of people of usage of grade. I have not seen many people even switching on the grid when they are creating a presentation. Grade is a feature which is available in every presentation software and that helps you getting the alignment right. In fact, nowadays the softwares are so smart that if I have this object and if I move this like you get these four dots here showing you that selection is happening. The moment I do that and if I coincide with any line or any object within that particular document, it will show me the guidelines automatically. And if and it has a snap tool so you can just leave it at that point and it will get aligned automatically. But a lot of people don't don't pay attention to this feature and when it is projected we can see that some bullet is going somewhere else and other. Another very common mistake is a space after a bullet. So in four or five bullets you can see one sentence suddenly starting after some time. A lot of people have seen surprisingly doing and there are previous students who have done that of centralizing by their own means of adding spaces somewhere. So there are two lines and you write one line like this and then in the second line you keep space, space, space, space and write the next word. You don't require to do all this Godagiri yourself because softwares are meant to do all that for you. So because when somebody will copy this, they will also copy that spaces and that will be very cumbersome later on to figure out how to delete them because it is looking very bad. Okay, before we review your submissions probably let's do because we just had one discussion about color, fonts and all that. I wanted to show you an interesting case study. So in this year's Missy Neewer's how many people saw this blender? You saw that right? How many people saw this TV grab? So the paper in front of you will have a similar looking design now. Okay, so can you just distribute those papers? Okay, so for people who have not seen it. Okay, so in this year's event what happened was the announcer was supposed to count in the order of three to one and when he was holding that card and he started speaking, he goofed up at a point and said that Missy Neewer's of this year is Miss Columbia and he stopped at that point. And later on he just realized after he lifted his thumb on the bottom right that it was not Columbia but it was Philippines. And then he said, oh I'm very sorry and it is actually Miss Philippines and literally the crown was taken up from Miss Columbia and given to Miss Philippines. So this blender happened but the designers worldwide actually took it as a very interesting problem to solve. So after looking at this TV grab, there was a common kind of a viral fever everywhere of all the designers trying to redesign this card because they felt that the finger or the thumb coming at this particular point is creating the entire problem. So how to solve this? So they came up with some very interesting ideas. I will show that before that you have to study this text whatever is available and the backside which is blank create your old card which could be better than this and which will solve the problem of this thing. Now that you have some primer on font and typography and design and all that, just see what you can do with this. So whatever is printed on the card is the matter which has to be there on the backside. You cannot delete anything because that is the text required. Don't ask me what is 3 to 1 in right hand corner. It was there. I just copied it. But probably they meant that you read from 3 to 1 but there is no number mentioned anywhere. So probably that was another mistake of design. So try to pinpoint mistakes if you can on the printed side and try to solve them on the blank side. So the question is can I add anything else apart from what is written there? Answer it yes. But you cannot delete any text on this because they were free to do more things than that. But they just did this much. That is where I think the problem was. So try to solve it by adding things. One mistake I can see a lot of you. So try to write or draw whatever in the actual size. So imagine that this is the actual card to be given. So whatever you are writing should not be like a small script written somewhere which is non-readable. So imagine the font size also when you say. If you don't want to write entire thing you can just draw two lines of the showing the height of the font. And you can write the XOXO there that's also fine. But imagine that it has to be maybe you all have ball pens or something so it may not have that weight. But you at least show the height of the fonts. So we have one here. How many people have similar design by the way? Okay. The entire bench has the similar design. That is good. Okay. Anybody differs from this design? Okay. Can you give that your design? And can you tell me the reason for that? I'll just put it. Okay. So this is a different design. And you can see the use of images here now. This was not done. And the reason? Actually sir in the moment of heat when you are reading the perception of that people also let him judge that who is the winner. So before that like when you read first in front of Columbia. Then you can easily mess up in the heat of moment that she is the winner. So you have to like differentiate between winner and first runner up. So images could help much in that case. Like you literally cannot interpret that. But like you say picture is worth a thousand words. Okay. So one easy decider is that you have these sashes so they are not the winners. And the person has a crown is the winner. So you show crown icon near somebody then it's not confusing at all that who is the winner. Okay. Also remember that remember the user who is the user of this particular object what you are creating. The user is a very very trained professional anchor who has been doing this anchoring job for maybe years now. And they are not somebody who cannot read who don't know the processes or something still they make these mistakes. And the simple problem which was cited was the thumb covered dancer. And so one thing that a thorough research should be done that how the paper is like hold. So that the area should not be covered. Correct. So the instructions were not given to the person to hold it like that. But it is so subjective that you somebody will say I will not hold it like this. I will hold it like this. Or you give me a stand and I will keep it there. I will not touch it. There was a case where it was like the Academy Awards you get it from the envelope. If you don't pull it out completely probably there will be something at the bottom. So things like that can happen because it is very subjective. And especially when you have range of people handling the same document or same design of the document. Then there are things bound to happen. Okay. Let me just go and show you what the designers worldwide have done. And let's see what what was that. Okay. So this is why someone called Marco Leon. Right. You can see the use of light and bold fonts. So the bold one is very clear that she is the winner. And both earlier on are light. So you can do that. There is one interesting principle by the which I see violated in this design. And you should remember this is another common mistake I find in most of the document writing. This principle is called principle of proximity. So what proximity means is I know you know about it. But in terms of design, the principle says that things which are near each other will get related to each other. Right. And things which are apart from each other will not have any relation with each other. The problem in this design is that the distance between the word second runner up USA, say first runner up and Columbia is equal. So everything is either equally distant from each other or ideally I connected with each other. So I won't be wrong if I say USA first runner up because that is connected for me as far as the design goes. If there is a double space between these two, then they are they are apart from each other. Right. Or even the font is different or something. So this is a standard problem which I have surfaced, especially when you have these paragraphs or bullets or something. So when you have a paragraph and a heading here and if there is another heading here and the paragraph starts. So the distance between two objects which are not connected should be demarked very, very clear. Then all the word processing software will give you an option like add extra space after the paragraph or before the paragraph. That is precisely for that. So that you can really mark out separation between the two objects which are not connected or which are to be connected. Okay. What if proximity is emphasized using grouping like this? Yeah, exactly. So proximity can be dealt with using various options in design. But let me just show you one more design here. Right. This is what you wanted. So some designer already thought about it. Another problem here is that you can see the shading of gray done. So lighter gray, darker gray and black for showing the emphasis of the order. But can this be also a hindrance in terms of readability because USA world is hardly readable now because the guard is gray. On top of that they are printed a darker gray, slightly darker gray. So these kind of things also have to be thought. Somebody wrote just like this. Just put text. I think this design was done by many people around. I saw when I was moving. Okay, this is one more. This is one more. And this person said in his blog that why do people only think of black and white when it comes to the cards? You spend so much of money and designing for the logos and all that and the big banners put up about this event. When it comes to the cards, they are only printed color on the backside. If you see those things, the backside is always very flashy and glossy. But the card side is always black and white because they use a black and white printer to print. Now he says that why don't you use something like this? Because actually if you see here, they paste a paper printed with these words there. So he said why don't you use color? Another person actually gave a direction to the reading. So okay, first read this then go right side and then read the second one and then whatever is left you can read. That's also an interesting way of showing. So I had written on my blog about various these things and then I also put up one of my designs. So just added the numerical values to it and then I had posted this. We had a long discussion about this on our blogs. All the designers who were participating in it. But just a slight digression probably, but probably this could have given you interesting points about designing as a. Okay, so the point for the takeaway for this would be about the presentation what you are now going to create and submit. Those need to be having these principles in place, these guidelines in place. So that we can easily see the difference in terms of how you have what thought has been gone behind usage of fonts or color or anything like that. We have it on Thursday. So the lecture is on Thursday. Probably that lecture is about the second aspect of impress, which is once you have the presentation, what happens during the presentation. So there are also techniques about the like I said about the lit room and all that, but there are transitions and the placement of things. So we just did a small exercise here, but in the next lecture I would like to cover because now that we are short of time for this lecture. We will take it in the next session and the presentation submissions can be done after that. So you have time till next Tuesday to do it. So first observation, which is very important is switch on the grid when you create the presentation because that is very important and you can align objects properly. By the way, it is another digression, but let me just share how many people have used because creating graphs or any diagrams flow charts is a necessity in most of the documents what you create. So how many people have used this tool called YED? Anyone? No? Okay. Then I am in the right class. So YED is a free utility. You should definitely check it out. What it does is it allows you to create a flow chart in the way you can add boxes, arrows and connect them and all that, but that is possible in most of the other conditions also. The best feature of this tool is that whenever you are done with your diagram, if you want to change the style of it or you want to create a finished output of that, there is only a button by just clicking it, it will create a very neat and clean diagram. So all these interconnections of whatever you have will be cleaned out in just one button and it will just create a very good looking graph. Probably I will just show you a one minute clip which they have it on their website because I think it is essential for all of you to know about this tool. There are many people on campus right now who use it after they started doing about it. I am sorry. The D is not capital. Y, E is capital and D is small. The website is called YWorks. It is available across platforms and it is also available on web-based. So you can go up and try to see this. This is the website and I just want to show you this. So this is YGraph editor in 90 seconds. So this is the standard way you draw graphs. But you can just pull out an arrow and you leave it at that it will get corrected. You can type in whatever text you want to change the fonts and all that. Now you can also have this HTML utilities. So if you have this kind of a spread or just a straight one. After this is the situation of whatever you have created. You say sort it out in a particular format will be done like this. So this becomes this or this, whatever you want. There are categories of graphs mentioned on the website. You can choose whether you want a tree or you want a bubble burst or you want something else. See this is that alignment feature I was talking about. So can you see that when it came here? Here you can see that these are two guidelines which will tell you that it is centralizing to this and it is also centralizing to this. So that way the graphs look much neater when you present them. It can take comma separated values or this thing and also create a graph accordingly. You can export that into image, formats, EPS, JIF, HTML, PNG, whatever. So and then it becomes very easy to insert it in a document. So this is interesting feature and very widely used tool nowadays. This is the magnifying glass option is also very useful because at times you create a very complex graph where readability is hampered and you cannot do anything more than that because the size of the bubbles is so small that you cannot increase it. So this becomes a easy utility. So I recommend this. You can use this and in case you have a graph in your presentation for what you are doing already, then I suggest you use wire to make that graph and insert it into the presentation. There is a similar diagramming utility in Microsoft called Microsoft Visio. How does it compare with that? In terms of features. In terms of features, yeah. I have not used Visio much but I have friends who vouch for that and say that is very good. I liked wired mainly because I was introduced especially for data analysis and because I work in the area of data visualization, I started using it. Okay, so to clarify there is no compulsion of using only free products as such. I just go for it because I have been working in that space for a long time now and I keep on trying to figure out if there is a editable modifiable so that it can be further innovated upon by a larger community. If you use any proprietary product, then that proprietary editor must be available in order to make those modifications. Alternately, if a proprietary product stores documents in an open format which is usable by other product. So speaking from a software perspective, open APIs is actually the mantra of all software development today and any proprietary product which does not offer open API is a suspect, however good it is because it does not serve the general good of the public. That's the only objection, otherwise nothing. In fact, in the real world you will always require open source software, you will always require proprietary software depending upon what you wish to do and to what extent. The point is most of the utilities, not just these, take productivity suits, word processing. Majority of people including all of you do not use more than 15% of the features of any practice. Are you aware of that? How many, you use Microsoft Word thoroughly, everyone? Okay, how many of you have licensed copy first of all? One, I am very proud of you. I have licensed copies, I have three licensed copies. One of them is an older version, so I cannot store my files on dockets and use it on my machine at home because my machine at home has that license. And I meticulously follow licenses, all these. You should be actually ashamed of this. Now do you understand why we try to propagate open source software? We are saving our young students from doing a criminal act of theft. Do you understand what you are doing? You should be going to jail. You don't understand and appreciate that. Anybody who has any illegal software being used deserves to go to jail. They are not yet a developed society but as and when we would be, you would be going to jail. But we are not even ashamed of it. We will listen to this, we will go back and start using that software again saying, what happens? You do the same thing with Baju. This is an attitude mindset problem. One person in the whole class, one person who says he has this licensed software. Never ever, not even once. You sure? Not even once. No, so that's the point. The question is of mental discipline. And why can't we, I mean this is a force in effective communication skills. But one of the things that you would like to communicate about yourself is that you are an honest person. Won't you? And that communication is not done by words. That communication is done by deeds. I'm sorry for digressing but let me utilize this opportunity to tell you, I have, when I was dean of resources, I paid 45 lakh rupees to Microsoft to get a campus-wide license for all operating system versions which is still carrying on. Do you know that even the operating system, Windows operating system is a legally costed product? You're not supposed to use it unless you have a license for it. These are absolutely important aspects in your professional life. If you were to appear for an interview and I'm a company, let's say, and I ask you this simple question. Have you always used only legal software on your personal machines or departmental machines? What answer will you give? Or you will lie there also. That's the whole point. Please, and it is, the context was that, but that is the purpose. When you use open-source software or free software, you are actually very safe from any legal perspective. You're also very safe from any implied perspective of cheating. You know, you're being very honest. An attendant advantage of using such software is that any created document or graph or whatever it is, using such software is editable easily and legally in the hands of thousands of other users. I will tell you something. You don't need any detailed answer for that. Any proprietary product behind which is a huge lot of R&D and funded development specifically to improve features over competition will always have some features which are better than all other features. No open-source software can match feature for feature any commercial product because it has only a volunteer force behind it. A commercial product has a financial force behind it and that is correct because they are in business. They want to make money out of the products which they make. Absolutely no problem. Take for example Matlab and Sylab. Sylab does almost everything that Matlab does, but are they equal? Matlab has better features. So this is a silly question. The point is what do you want to use it for? If I want to use word processor to prepare a document for submission, how does it matter? How great features a commercial product has? Do you require those? The judgment is to be based on what do you want to use it for? If you need certain specific features in your work very frequently, there is no choice. You have to spend 2 lakh rupees to get a Matlab license. But if you are doing work which can be done by any other open-source product, in a majority of your situation, there is no need to invest. And most certainly there is never any need to steal. So you use the simple thumb rule. If you need something which is proprietary, by all means go and use it. But by a costed license, have a receipt of the money that you have paid and use it proudly. If you can't afford it, then you have no choice. So in conclusion, comparison between any commercial product and open-source product is not reasonable at any stage. Because commercial products will always have some features which are better than open source. But the judgment on what you use should depend upon what you most frequently need. And in case you just want to have for the heck of it, that this particular commercial product has two special features which I may use next year. So I want to use it. By all means go ahead. But pay money and buy a license and then. Because stealing and using a commercial product without a license is the greatest criminal activity in at least academically enlightened people's life. That should not be. All right. Sorry for hugging all your time. So what I want to know is for your graphs. That is a question I have raised to ask, but I was diverted. What do you use? What utility do you use to draw graphs? There are multiple utilities. Yes, there are multiple utilities. I showed one of them. Even I think this slide presentation tools have a small draw option within that. So you can draw in that. The point is, for example, people who use PowerPoint. The PowerPoint itself is not a license copy. So all tools which come along with PowerPoint are also equally illegal. I will tell you that. I was the head of the CS department in 1991 when PCs had just come. I had made it a criminal activity in the department. Any student caught with using of illegal software would be debarred from all machines and servers for seven days. And we strictly followed that. Can you understand if you are kept away from machines for seven days? It's a worse punishment than keeping you hungry for seven. But I would sincerely believe that as grown-up people, as matured people, you would put such self-imposition on yourself. Because if you don't, you are going to be the leaders of this country professionally. If each one of you does not practice what our friend here does, then I think we have no future as a nation. Please remember this. Very, very, it's more important because this is the most critical communication skill. You are communicating about your honesty to your deeds. There is no better communication than that. There is no more important communication. All right, we'll conclude today with this. You wanted to just share. Yeah. So we will have next class, which will be about the presentation. Actually, the process of presentation. And after that, you will be supposed to submit your presentation slides on Moodle. So the link will be open till, I think, Saturday or Sunday. Let's keep it Sunday midnight so that we can discuss them in the next Tuesday class. Is that okay? Thank you.