 Abstract phototherapy, mainly including photothermal therapy, PTT, and photodynamic therapy, PDT, can kill cancer cells by generating heat or reactive oxygen species. These treatments have the advantage of being minimally invasive, highly efficient, and low toxicity. However, traditional phototherapeutic agents face challenges such as poor tumor targeting, susceptibility to passive immune clearance, and suboptimal biocompatibility. Recent research has shown that cell membrane biomemetic technology has enabled phototherapeutic agents to acquire unique biological functions, such as promoted immune escape, prolonged in vivo circulation time, improved biocompatibility, and enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. Additionally, phototherapy mediated by cancer cell membranes, CCM, or immune cell membrane modified phototherapeutic agents can promote broad anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of PTT and PDT, discuss the synthesis strategies and biological functions of cell membrane biomemetic nanomaterials, and focus on the progress of phototherapy based on bi. This article was authored by Min Chen, Yun Sun, and Hui Lu. We are article.tv, links in the description below.