 నికికి,లాచి,నీవరి హూపిని నికాచిఆన్క్ సి క్స్మి సంతాన్సచిల్ష్రే . today we are starting with the first capsule the weekly capsules will be explained by shree tipi srinivasansar who is a former ambassador of india and former permanent representative of india to the united nations vienna sar has also served as the governor for india at the international atomic energy agency he has served in the indian foreign service for more than 35 years he has represented india at a number of international conferences organized by international organizations to name a few the united nations the common world the non-aligned movement one of his important postings is that he served as the deputy chief of mission of the embassy of india washington indian ministry of external affairs hails his tenure as a highly successful tenure during which there was remarkable improvement in india united states relations he is also a former member of national security advisory board of government of india he is an expert columnist at renowned newspapers and journals some of his important works include more diplomacy recently published then encounters then applied diplomacy through the prism of mythology then other works such as maturing to india the shashi tarot campaign now shankare's academy is happy to launch this weekly capsule on international affairs for the benefit of aspirants the capsule will be helpful for civil service examination for mains examination and also for the interview we advise and suggest the aspirants to utilize the classes and to share the classes to those who are in need of such resources now let's begin the session today first civil service international affairs capsule for shankar ias academy the topic today is the american initiative on tibet tibet has always been an autonomous province of china but in 1950 to 59 the chinese wanted to completely take over tibet and in 1959 the tibetan dalai lama who is also the ruler of tibet had to run away from tibet to save himself he arrived on the indian border and requested for asylum in india india gave him asylum to him and his people and they have been living in india for a long time but we have not allowed the dalai lama to engage in any political activities in india so for all his political activities he needs to go abroad while in india he runs his spiritual activities only even then there are some tensions between india and china on this account and that resulted in the 1962 war with china and at the moment there is a second crisis as serious as the 1962 crisis and therefore there is tension between india and china and china in fact is occupying additional space on the on the indian side of the line of actual control so at this particular situation where is the tension between india and china the united states that is president trump decided to do something which is supportive of india to create some issues for china in tibet this is what is called the playing of the china card by the united states the united states has always been sympathetic to the dalai lama but they did not take any action to provoke china just as we did not this time what happened was on december 27th 2020 president trump signed signed an appropriation act for the old budget of the u.s government and the recent anxiety that he was not signing and the government might have to stop but anyway it was signed and when this appropriation act came out it happened that it also contained what's called tibetan policy and support act of 2020 there has also been earlier a tibetan support act to provide some funding for tibetan refugees abroad for dalai lama subkeep and also certain scholarship activities etc for the tibetans but this time they introduced two or three elements in this tibet act first is that united states wants to open a consulate general in lasa the capital of tibet this is not permitted because the chinese do not want any diplomatic missions there so they have said for the first time that unless they are given the opportunity to appoint a consul general in lasa china will not be allowed to open any new consulates in india in in the united states so this is a new move secondly since the dalai lama is getting old there have been rumors about his successor the situation in the tibet in tibet is the his successor will be a baby who is born after the dalai lama passes away and then that baby is located by the llamas and then he grows up into the next dalai lama the 15th dalai lama so where this child will be born and who will identify it who will verify that this is the real dalai lama etc are all open so the the chinese have been wanting the new dalai lama to be under their control and that is the reason why recently china has been making more noises about the um the situation in armanatso pradesh because they think that if the new dalai lama is identified this baby is identified in india that will cause problem for the chinese so on this also united states states has taken a tough position united states has said that the new dalai lama should be selected identified only by the llamas and no other country should interfere in this matter and this has caused some concern in china because they have been planning somehow to manipulate this and they also say that if there is any chinese official who accepts or who enables any any kind of manipulation in the choice of the new dalai lama they will also be sanctioned says punishment will be given to those chinese officials who get involved in this so these two new aspects they have they have put forward as the conditions for better relationships with the united states but this is a problem because president trump had taken a very tough position on on china but the new president the president present president elect joe biden has been thinking and talking about having a better relationship with china so it is at this point that these tough measures have been taken by the u.s government and that will be an impediment for us to improve relations with china at this point they will also provides certain amount of money it is not a huge amount of money that um the there is a million dollars for scholarship for tibetans six million dollars for tibetan refugees in india three million dollars for tibetan governance and eight million dollars for tibetan autonomous region that is the region which china is occupied all these may not be spent at all because for example the autonomous region china is not going to accept that tibetan government governance who will it keep so mostly this money will go to the dalai lamas establishment in india so this funding is also an issue as far as china is concerned so this is why we are saying that united states is playing what is called the tibetan card against china to embarrass them on these issues showing that the relationship with china the u.s china relations are deteriorating the president also had also appointed in last october a new representative for tibet whom china does not recognize so this initiative by the united states is helpful to india in the sense that we have very major interest in what they are talking about particularly the success successor issue who will be the next dalai lama but the situation is such that india has not been taking any such position because our policy as i explained earlier is for the dalai lama to be to be living here as a refugee as a most revered leader of a of buddhism and about his return to tibet or on the successor etc we do not take official positions in fact recently to improve our relations with the with china after prime minister's uhan visit we had even stopped celebrating various events relating to dalai lama or at least officially we have not been participating in any of the celebrations relating to the dalai lama so on the one side this is something good for us in the sense that united states is tightening its position on china and they are doing these things after a long time in order to put pressure on china to liberate tibet the situation is that we india have did not have a common border with china till tibet became part of part of china so this is a sensitive issue and what we have done in ladakh and other things i have irritated the chinese and that is probably the reason why china you know mounted this aggression last year in march and though they are talking about disengagement that they will withdraw and we will withdraw etc but nobody has withdrawn the crisis is because china is demanding that if they are to withdraw from the territory they have occupied now india must also withdraw from the kailash range which we occupied after this incident but it is on the side of it on india's side so how can they ask india to withdraw from territories belonging to india so there is a complete impasse in the situation our home minister has recently said that even though we have had many negotiations agreement on withdrawal of troops no disengagement has taken place on the side of china we are doing several things in order to meet this threat first of all we have agreed the negotiations there have been several agreements secondly we are strengthening our own defense forces we have got the Rafale aircraft we have got other missiles etc from other countries in case there is a need if there is a war we are getting prepared for that and also we are seeking support of the international community to stop china from starting a war with india and on the third issue the thing that we are doing at the moment is to basically reduce our dependence on china by you know we cancelled some programs some apps which cost a lot of loss to china we have reduced chinese investment in india and we have also tried to regulate our trade with china but we have found that all these are very difficult to do and it is in this situation that us has taken this action which is in support of india but at the same time they are showing they are also showing their muscles as it were that they have the possibility of causing problems for china by engaging in Tibet i myself feel that there will be no immediate impact of all this on china of course in china u.s relations it will have an impact because china has already said that this is an interference in the internal affairs of china as you know internal affairs nobody is supposed to intervene according to the u.s charter so and the united states has in fact recognized Tibet as an autonomous part of china so anything that the united states wants to try in Tibet will be resisted by china and therefore this particular action is more symbolic than real symbolic for the united states showing that they are not pleased with china and symbolic for us that united states taken has taken a very open position on the delai level and china in fact in 1996 97 etc when india's relations with china improved many political forces in the united states when our situation our relationship with the u.s improved many people said that part of the reason why the u.s in spite of the old old war problems became friendly to india because india has shown this great kindness to the delai lama of their respect so delai lama is a link between india and the united states because he has large followers not only in the united states but also in europe and he has political support so that support has been strengthened which makes china nervous about what will happen in the case of tibet and particularly what happens if the new delai lama is born in a part of india or a part where china has no no access so this is the situation which has emerged india is not likely to take any action on this because we have refrain from interfering in the internal affairs of china we have always maintained that the delai lama is in india as an honored guest we had to save his life and therefore we have taken him and therefore we do not consider him to be the ruler of tibet in exile that is what he wanted in fact he was not very pleased when he was told that he will not be allowed any political activity on the indian soil but he accepted it since 1959 he has lived in this country the the tibetan population has multiplied all of them have indian nationality with the tibetan mark on it so that they can travel so all facilities have been given to them but politically we have been keeping some distance from the delai lama's cost so by playing the tibet card as it were with china the united states is actually encouraging india to use the case of the delai lama or again asking india to play the delai lama card as it were but in the present situation india is not likely to take any action which will show that we are supporting the american initiative but we can certainly be happy that the us has taken this action which supports the indian position on china and this may act as a kind of pressure on china not to aggravate the situation on the india china border why china created this situation at this time at the grave when a grave crisis is facing the entire world the humanity itself because of covid is unknown but what they are probably doing is they are trying to take the leadership of the world which has always been their ambition using the present situation where the united states is getting weaker and weaker so their idea is that there would be a vacuum in the power structure of the world with united states weakening particularly because of the corona virus and they could step therefore they have been flexing their muscles china has been flexing their muscles not only on the india china border but also in the in taiwan in hong kong in the south china sea and even in against some southeast asian countries so that that goes on on the one hand they have survived the covid fairly well and now they are taking a very expansionist position so what the united states has done has to be seen in this context as another measure of hostility to china and the fact that tibet has been brought into it is also a good gesture for us so this whole incident has a great political value as far as india is concerned but as i said earlier the situation is that once he takes over as president jo biden has intention to normalize relations with china so one of the first things that he will be asked to do is to withdraw this act because this controls interference in the internal affairs of china so there could be a friction point for the united states and china on this account as far as india is concerned we are continuing our efforts to peacefully end the crisis and also to negotiate the disengagement from the areas with which china has occupied from your examination point of view whether it is at the preliminary stage or at the main stage or at the interview stage it is good for you to know the background of the tibet initiative how the lalama came to india how we have received him here he has always wanted to go back with his people that has not happened but interestingly recently the lalama made two points one he said we should not attach too much importance to reincarnation of the lalama this i think he said to reduce the pressure on the succession issue he said that buddha himself was not reincarnated there were many scholars many lamas who were not born again so he is saying that what we need is peace in tibet and not necessarily an insistence on either one or the other being the lalama the second thing he said was he is no more interested in tibet and independence which he has been working for many years and therefore what we what he wants is peace for the people of china people of tibet peace in tibet itself with some understanding of china and therefore his movement now is not a struggle for independence but for the happiness of the people of tibet so therefore the insistence that india or united states is making on these issues the lalama himself sees some danger and he is not likely to push for it so this is something that we have to watch how the situation develops how the lalama will use the american support in order to advance his political future or really try to restrain the united states and india from taking such action so that tibetans can live in peace so this is an important development which you should follow and prepare yourself on the background of the tibetan crisis the implications of the us act and also india's old situation in the new context where the united states has heightened its position or tried to create the situation more serious for china in tibet so these are grave political implications for india-china relations thank you very much