 Dear students, in this module, we are going to discuss the population growth. Question arises that how should we treat our population, particularly the population growth? Is population a bomb or a potential resource? Population growth refers to the increasing in number of individuals within a population over time. In Pakistan, the population growth has a major concern for policy makers as the country has one of the highest population growth rates in the world. As the population increases, the concern for the population also increases. However, in the recent past, the growth of the population has been changing. In the opinion of some demographers, the population is a potential resource. According to the classical theories, the population will be a burden for you or your existing resources. We can take examples of many other countries, especially Western countries where due to sudden population changes, their population dynamics have created a lot of disruption. For example, a population is like an ideal pyramid in which a larger chunk of population is of a young population and a productive population. A small part of the population is dependent on the population. Due to the intervention of certain population policies, when the population growth came to a decline, in some countries, the chunk of the dependent population has increased and the productive population has decreased. That is why such countries had to take support of immigration policies. Other countries had to import the young or productive population. It is very interesting to understand that this population growth is essential for analyzing the social and economic trends as well as for planning infrastructure and public services. The study of population growth requires a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating perspectives from sociology, demography and economics. So to understand the population growth, what we need to do is we need to analyze its historical trends and patterns and at the same time, we need to see it from different theoretical perspectives. For us, this can be a potential resource because the young population in Pakistan has a large chunk of population. If we can use this youth as an adequately resource, then it can be a potential resource. Otherwise, this can be a potential population bomb for us because if we cannot develop policies that can engage our youth productively, then obviously, this youth can be damaging in various aspects of the lack of taxical behavior or in different crimes. At the same time, we need to see how our older population can develop policies so that our dependent population can also have better opportunities for the older population. At the same time, we need to see how new populations and resources and infrastructure are also developed in the same way. So to understand the overall population growth from the policy standpoint is very important. So effective population growth management strategies may include family planning, initiatives, immigration policies and economic development programs. And accurate data collection and analysis are necessary for effective policymaking related to this population growth.